Actual Trends in Development of Power System Protection and Automation

3 7 June 2013, Yekaterinburg

Brazilian Electric Energy Industry Model: Protection, Control, and Monitoring Requirements for Fostering Responsible Competition
Jorge Miguel Ordacgi F. On Behalf of Brazilian SC B5

Copyright SEL 2012

BRAZIL
A Fast Growing Market for Manufacturers of Secondary System (SS) Solutions

Relay Protect

BR Power System Is Growing Fast

Belo Monte = 11,231 MW, 2,500 km DC Madeira Complex = 6,450 MW, 2,375 km

600 kV DC
Rio Branco
305 km

Madeira
Back-to-back 2x400MW

+600 kV 500 kV 230 kV

Rio Verde Araraquara Araraquara 600km N. Iguau (RJ)

440 kV

Relay Protect

Regardless of Growth
Technologies in Service

Relay Protect

Regardless of Growth
Technologies in Service
SS Technologies In Service - 2011
Digital 30%

Electromechanical 51%

Static 19%

Electromechanical Static Digital

Relay Protect

18016 6491 10560

5

Regardless of Growth
Technologies in Service
SS Technologies In Service - 2011
Digital 30%

Rated Voltage 138 kV

Digital versus Analog SS

Digital 30%

Static 19%

24,507 new
secondary systems are needed!
18016 6491 10560

Electromechanical 51%

Analog 70%

Electromechanical Static Digital

Relay Protect

Number of bays!
6

Technological Evolution
What about relay to relay communications? What about the IEC 61850 standard? standard? What would be the best way to cope with technological evolution?

Relay Protect

Performance of Protection Schemes for Power System Events

6.0%

5.5% 4.9%
5.0%

4.3%
4.0%

4.3% 3.9%

4.4% 4.0% 3.7%

3.8%
Percentage
3.0%

3.3% 3.3%

Unwanted Refusal No Data

2.0%

1.0%

0.0% 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Relay Protect

Performance of Protection Schemes for Accidental Tripping

12% 10.9% 9.5% 8.2% 8% 7.5% 7.6% 7.7% 6.9% 5.8% 9.6% 8.9% 9.0% 10%

6%

4%

2%

0%

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Relay Protect

Accidental Trippings Caused by Human Errors

4.0% 3.5% 3.5% 3.0% 3.0% 2.5% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% 2.8% 3.3% 3.0% 2.6% 2.2% 2.1% 1.9% 2.2%

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Relay Protect

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL TRIPPINGS

10

Accidental Trippings Caused by Human Errors

40% 36.0% 35% 30% 25.9% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 34.7% 32.0% 29.2% 28.3% 27.6% 36.9% 33.5% 32.2% 31.8%

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Relay Protect

PERCENTAGE OF ACCIDENTAL TRIPPINGS

11

Evolution of Protection Performance

What have we learned from the recent blackouts? SPS or SIPS? Just a matter of alphabet soup? Benchmarking or goals? Are benchmarking figures really comparable? comparable ?

Relay Protect

12

AN
EXAMPLE

Relay Protect

13

Lack of Clear Breaker Failure Alarm

yellow black other hydro plant blue #1 green #2

Breaker Failure
Line #1 Protection
Restored BF

Busbar 1

Busbar 2

Local Generators
Relay Protect
14

Remarks
The old static device should have been timely replaced with a modern digital line protection relay! There should have been more information and less data available to the local operator, thereby avoiding the loss of the second busbar section! Is there any better practice within other utilities?
Relay Protect
15

If...
There is adequate balance between data and information Information is provided to devices, systems and operators at higher levels along the operational hierarchy Local devices and systems are part of a systemic distributed PCM system All parts have been conceived to be fully tested, enhanced and optimized (Evergreen!)
Relay Protect
16

Then...
There is a SECONDARY SYSTEM MODERN SOLUTION (SSMS) Utility engineering staff shall provide thorough specification, design (project) and bidding process Manufacturers shall be invited to work closer to the utility

Relay Protect

17

The Brazilian Electric Energy Industry Model

Relay Protect

18

Industry Models
Basic Grid and DIT Expansion and Reinforcement Plan Development of Models, Criteria, Methodologies, and Systems Evaluation of CMO and PLD Hydro Resources and Meteoroly

Modernization Plan PMIS Energy Operation Planning PEN Monthly Operation Rock & roll drum solos, Program PMO politicians, and industry models are somewhat Annual Electric Quadrimester Monthly Electric Planning PEL Electric Planning like tsunamis. Planning They always leave some Electric Safety Reinforcement PreProtection & OperationalStudies, Comissioning, destruction behind! Control Recomposition, Controllers, Optimization, Operating Reserve, AGC, AncillaryServices

Daily Scheduling Generation Interventions

Consolidation of Load Forecast

Open Access Studies Relay Protect

Operation: Pre, RT, & Post

Disturbances Analysis

Administration, Accounting, & Settlement of T Services & Charges

19

Industry Models
Protection Engineers

Relay Protect

20

BR Electric Energy Industry Model

EPNC
Energy Policy National Council Energy Policy & Matrix
Laws #10.848/2004 & #10.847/2004

EERA
Electric Energy Regulatory Agency

EPNC
Water Water - WRA

MEM
Mines & Energy Ministry Energy Policy Implementation

EIMC

MEM

ERE

Oil Oil - ORA Regulation & Supervision

EERA ISO
G

EETC

ERE
Energy Research Enterprise Expansion Planning

EETC Agents IM/EX

Electric Energy Trading Chamber Trading

WHO, ME?
FC

ONS (ISO)
Electric System National Operator

EIMC
Electric Industry Monitoring Committee

Energy Supply Security Relay Protect

OPERATIONAL AREA

Bulk Power System Operation

21

Penalties vs. Stimulus

EPNC
Energy Policy National Council
Dec. #3520/2000

Energy Policy & Matrix

Laws #10.848/2004 & #10.847/2004

EPNC EIMC MEM

Electric Energy Water - WRA Regulatory Agency

Law #9427/1996

Electric Energy Regulatory Agency

EERA

EERA

MEM
Mines & Energy Ministry Energy Policy Implementation

ERE

Oil - ORA Law #9427/1996

Regulation & Supervision

EERA ISO
G

EETC

ERE
Energy Research Enterprise
Dec. #5184/2004

EETC Agents IM/EX

Water WRA Oil ORA

Electric Energy Trading Chamber

Dec. #5177/2004

Trading

Expansion Planning

EIMC
Electric Industry Monitoring Committee
Dec. #5175/2004

Electric System National Regulation & Supervision FC Operator

ONS (ISO)

Dec. #5081/2004

Energy Supply Security Relay Protect

OPERATIONAL AREA

Bulk Power System Operation

22

Where Does Funding Come From From? ?

Generation 29.5% Transmission Distribution Industry Charges 4.6% 22.1% 9.1% Taxes 34.7%

Relay Protect

23

Passive Spectator vs. Active Player

PASSIVE SPECTATOR
What is my problem? What are my goals?

ACTIVE PLAYER
My problem is keeping SS optimized! My goals are optimizing SS under both local and systemic viewpoints! BEEIM allows me to do so!

BEEIM does not impose this task/responsibility to me!

Relay Protect

24

Planning SSMS of the Future

A forum to deal with SSMS shall allow:

Participation of all industry segments Open discussion within democratic environment Production of:
White papers Technical guides

Checks by the International PCM Community

Grid Procedure updates according to BEEIM

Relay Protect
25

Planning SSMS of the Future

Brazilian
CIGR SC B5
Protection and Automation is THE FORUM!

Relay Protect

26

Planning SSMS of the Future

SC B5 Offers Utilities ISO Research Centers Universities Consulting Companies Manufacturers

Relay Protect

27

And who is the boss?

The operator!

Relay Protect

28

Responsible Competition Now and Future Perspectives

Relay Protect

29

Responsible Competition

Competition shall take place under best power system (PS) security conditions!

Relay Protect

30

How PS Security Is Dealt With Today

Operation planning Scheduling SIPS Risk management No power

system is secure without SSMS!

Relay Protect

31

How SSMS Shall Be Improved to Cope With PS Security Optimization

SYSTEMIC APPROACH SYSTEMATIC APPROACH

A DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING DIGITAL SYSTEM FROM SS TO NCC

INFORMATION

RCCs GCCs, TCC & DCCs STATION LEVEL BAY LEVEL

RCCs
Regional Control Center

G, T & D
Control Centers

Substations and Power Plants

DATA
Relay Protect

IEDs PHYSICAL LEVEL

32

Utilities

ISO

NCC

NCC
National Control Center

How SSMS Shall Be Improved to Cope With PS Security Optimization

Commands Positions Events Alarms Network Control

Benefitting from free functional allocation, Phasors IEC 61850 Commands WAMPAC Implementing a global structure for Positions seamless communication and other STATION IEEE 1588 protection, monitoring and control data and Events LAN provided by technological facilities Files Maintenance information (D&I) (D&I) Parameters evolution
IEEE 1588 PROCESS LAN IEC 61850

Relay Protect

33

PS Security Under SSMS Viewpoint

Utilities and ISO SSMS shall
Ease PS operation Allow optimized functional allocation Assure best security vs. dependability Offer highest possible availability BE ECONOMICAL!

Manufacturers SSMS must

Integrate SS & CC Be updated in terms of international standards Be conceived under realistic perspective Be future-proof BE ECONOMICAL!

MUTUAL
DEPENDENCE

Relay Protect

34

PS Security Under SSMS Viewpoint

Then, utilities may But qualified compete manufacturers responsibly within shall compete with each industry responsibility segment: G, T & D! when providing Utilities must SSMS! reinforce
responsibility
Relay Protect

35

Lifecycle Costs of SSMS Hidden Costs Innovative Engineering

Relay Protect

36

Distinct Views on SS Lifecycle Costs

Lifecycle Issues Utilities Ownership Governmental Private Large Engineering Acquisition Costs High, but fading away A budget for SS High A budget for the installation Effective cost approach Small Low Idem turnkey projects What?

Maintenance Costs Shortage of Revenue LCC Evaluation

Not computed Not computed No regular process so far!

Imposes feedback to SS process

Relay Protect

37

Hidden Costs
Issue
Too dissimilar SS Engineering Solutions (SSES) Too many SSES

Hidden Costs
Same mistake will cause trouble more than once No gain with large-scale application of each optimized SSE Duplication of correlate functions & distinct results RISK OF LITIGATION Only pays off if applied in large scale Poor SSES leads to poor power system security
38

Excessive separation between PCM and operational functions IEC 61850 implementation How long shall a SS last?
Relay Protect

Tuning of Practices for Reducing Costs of Regulatory Compliance

Relay Protect

39

Tuning of Practices
SSMS specification Testing of SSMS and the whole digital system from process level up to the national control center Compliance with DIS and global SIPS implementation Frequent exchange of engineering solutions Closing the loop through permanent SS performance evaluation
Relay Protect
40

Conclusions

Relay Protect

41

Conclusions
SSMS are feasible within any electric energy industry model SSMS are no longer standalone The competition among utilities within each industry segment (GTD) shall start after assuring power system security Manufacturers shall be stimulated to acknowledge the importance of SSMS and compete with responsibility
Relay Protect
42

THANK YOU VERY MUCH!

43

THANK YOU VERY MUCH!

I dont think it will be wise to become an electrical engineer...

44