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    Breeding Ground for Corruption
    Breeding Ground for Corruption
    Breeding Ground for Corruption
    Ebook196 pages1 hour

    Breeding Ground for Corruption

    By T.A. Garrison

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    About this ebook

    Breeding Ground of corruption is a challenging text in which many case examples of police corruption is paired with contemporary research. Garrisons firsthand knowledge of how police corruption disintegrates careers, she incorporates numerous statistics to provide a foundation for a police corruption theory. The theory PTSD and Depression are the leading denominators in police corruption. This book is a poignant look into the mental health issues and real-time corruption cases that follow officers across the United Sates.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherXlibris US
    Release dateMay 14, 2015
    ISBN9781503570207
    Breeding Ground for Corruption
    Author

    T.A. Garrison

    T.A. Garrison, a wife and mother of two sons, is a PhD student of Philosophy. Prior to "Breeding Ground of Corruption", she also published "Perspectives in Criminal Justice" in 2013. The focus of her research remains on contemporary mental health and criminal justice issues. She has spoken for several national level conferences and has been published in a human services peer-reviewed journal. In Breeding Ground of Corruption, Garrison goes beyond research and highlights a new theory on why police are subject to commit deviant crimes. Mrs. Garrison, lives in Colonial Heights, VA where she is faithful to her Church, researching, and spending time with family.

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      Book preview

      Breeding Ground for Corruption - T.A. Garrison

      Copyright © 2015 by T.A. Garrison.

      Library of Congress Control Number:   2015907652

      ISBN:      Hardcover      978-1-5035-7021-4

                      Softcover        978-1-5035-7022-1

                      eBook            978-1-5035-7020-7

      All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

      This is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places and incidents either are the product of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously, and any resemblance to any actual persons, living or dead, events, or locales is entirely coincidental.

      Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Thinkstock are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.

      Certain stock imagery © Thinkstock.

      Rev. date: 05/13/2015

      Xlibris

      1-888-795-4274

      www.Xlibris.com

      635667

      CONTENTS

      Section 1: The Basics

      Chapter 1: Introduction into the History of Policing

      Chapter 2: History of American Police

      Chapter 3: Defining Corruption and the Code of Silence

      Chapter 4: Corruption: Two of the

      Most Common Factors

      Section 2: Theoretical Insights

      Chapter 4: Existing Theories on Corruption

      Section 3: Corruption Descriptivism

      Chapter 5: Description of Deviance

      Section 4: Case Examples

      Chapter 6: Understanding Common Factors in

      Case Examples

      Section 5: A New Police Corruption Theory

      Chapter 7: Garrison’s Deviance-Conformity Theory

      Section 6: Moving Forward

      Chapter 8: What’s Next?

      Chapter 9: Moving Forward from Corruption

      Chapter 10: World Corruption Issues

      Tables and Charts

      Appendix

      To my husband, Steve, who gave his angel wings for me to fly, and to my sons, Ryan and Matthew, who keep me grounded.

      In memory of Jimmy

      Section 1

      The Basics

      CHAPTER 1

      Introduction into the History of Policing

      Temptation has been an ever-present demon since Adam and Eve entered the Garden of Eden. The unyielding relationship of the police family poses major scrutiny in the public eye. On the public sector, corruption among the law enforcement society is occurring at an astounding frequency. The term corruption is almost as typical in everyday society as the use of social media. It has been a predominant, persistent feature of human society, with the earliest references dating back to the fourth century BC (Pinto, Leana, and Pil 2008, 686). For the purpose of this text, law enforcement society encompasses law enforcement officers (local, state, federal, etc.), correctional officers (jailors, etc.), and others who have taken the oath to serve and protect. How can corruption be defined? It all depends on how one interprets it. Corruption definitively faces debate because it refers to a broad range of conduct. Distinguishing the definition of corruption isn’t an exact science. If one were to consider the definition of corruption in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, it is deemed as the abuse of power by a public official for private gain (2005). There is no hesitation that the abuse of power by a public official is paradigmatic of corruption. This strictly defines corruption not as phenomena, or an analytical fabric of society, but as exemplified acts carried out for personal gain. There are several subcategories of noneconomic corruption. For the purpose of this book, the concentration of police corruption is addressed and emphasized. Acts of corruption have several areas of identity. These identified areas are procedural misconduct, bribery for financial gain, unconstitutional actions, direct criminal activities, and culpable negligence. All these activities result in some failure of virtues and ethics.

      The span of decades uncovers repetitive areas in which corruption continues to grow. As the moral deficiency continues to climb, it leaves one to question the fabric in which the oaths of office are assembled. For a moment, let’s examine a generalized law enforcement oath of the mandate. According to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service, Grant suggests that the code of ethics states that the officer’s fundamental duties are to serve the community; safeguard lives and property; protect the innocent against deception, the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and respect the constitutional rights of all to liberty, equality, and justice (2002). Further, the code of ethics maintains that officers’ lives should reflect that oath away from the uniform. The public recognition of the badge represents a symbol of municipal confidence and conviction. The foundation of the codes of conduct is joined with ethical requirements of law officers. This groundwork serves as a platform in which officers serve the public. The moral fibers within these codes of conduct situate themselves as a way of behavior both in and out of the uniform. Grant describes these integrities as performing duties in an impartial fashion, exercising carefulness, using only indispensable force, and maintaining confidentiality, integrity, and a professional image at all times (2002). Selective choice of personnel, a strong desire to protect and serve, and training will equate to a strong leadership and promote ethical decision making as a professional of the public. In a section of the International Association of Chiefs of Police (2000), it is suggested that when officers take this oath, the meaning behind the key words is understood. Yes, it is agreeable that law enforcement takes threat and suffers inconvenience in order to look after lives, defend liberty, and make the general public safe. It is nonetheless a noble and selfless role. At what point do these values slip under the rug? Surely, no officer will take the oath with a preconceived plan of totally corrupting themselves. Can we claim it is an occupational hazard or a paradigm of deviancy yet to come?

      Police participate in a significant position in the protection of the autonomous culture. A position of this respect compels police officers to maintain high moral principles of demeanor. Law enforcement must guard the constitutional rights of the general public yet, at the same time, put in charge of taking away the civil liberties of those who decide to break the law. Police impede, explore, take into custody the populace, and legitimately utilize the physical force necessary (including deadly force) when situations order.

      When corrupt cops spoil the overall look of others in the field, ethical disciplinary action must be used. Like any public officer, police officers are required to take an oath of office. This oath requires those of moral integrity to uphold ethical policing while maintaining a clean view in the public eye. As a young girl, I remember the emphasis placed upon having respect for police as they are the authority of the law. Many are willing to allow an improved version of law enforcement that has trust, admiration, and respect by society. However, police delinquency serves to destabilize this common bond.

      The predicament of police misconduct has been ever present in society since the establishment of law enforcement in America. Several high-profile cases brought this topic to the vanguard of scholarly discussion. Revisiting the commentary of law delinquency in our nation affords us the chance to grasp how profoundly deep-seated the crisis is. The trials facing constabulary activists of the present day very closely resemble those of the criminal justice forefathers. It is significant to study how the law enforcement society has gotten to where it is before we can plot a course to a better position. It almost seems to be repetitive, however; if we do not change how things are progressing, there is an inevitable chance the same mistakes will continue to be replicated. Thus, police corruption will not end until it is addressed with some certainty of research that looks outside the box.

      CHAPTER 2

      History of American Police

      American Policing Foundation

      American laws are influenced by the European model of law enforcement. Corruption was not born; instead, it has been well documented back to France and England during the eighteenth century. The issues that both France and England encountered are very similar to modern-day American police corruption. It’s one major factor in the hiring of credible individuals is most challenging for a position that requires moral fiber. Law enforcement transgression is a solemn issue that dates back to the seventeenth century. Barry (1999) described early corruption as a continuous revolution that was a

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