JONEREN DULETIN III-SSC

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, such as in separating chemical compounds by their boiling point by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the compound will vaporize. It is a special type of distillation. Generally the component parts boil at less than 25 C from each other under a pressure of oneatmosphere (atm). If the difference in boiling points is greater than 25 C, a simple distillation is used. A process by which components in a chemical mixture are separated according to their different boiling points. Vapors from a boiling solution are passed along a column. The temperature of the column gradually decreases along its length. Components with a higherboiling points condense on the column and return to the solution; components with a lowerboiling points pass through the column and are collected. A process by which a chemical compound is separated into components by distillation. In fractional distillation the compound is heated and, as each of its constituent components comes to a boil, its vapors are separated and cooled, so it can be removed in its pure form. Fractional distillation is used to refine petroleum. See also distillation. 1. the process of separating the constituents of a liquid mixture by heating it and condensing separately the components according to their different boiling points 2. a distillation in which the vapour is brought into contact with a countercurrent of condensed liquid to increase the purity of the final products Sometimes shortened to distillation

This page describes the separation of useful products from crude oil by the process of fractional distillation. Crude oil provides the starting raw material for making lots of different chemicals for a variety of uses. The uses of the fuel gas, LPG, refinery gas, gasoline, petrol, naphtha, paraffin, kerosene, diesel oil, gas oil, fuel oil, lubricating oils, wax and bitumen fractions are tabulated and many are non-renewable fuels. The uses of a fraction is related to its physical properties e.g. ease of vaporisation & boiling point or its viscosity ('stickiness') and the dangers of flammability are pointed out to. Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, such as in separating chemical compounds by their boiling point by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the compound will vaporize. It is a special type of distillation. Generally the component parts boil at less than 25 C from each other under a pressure of one atmosphere (atm). If the difference in boiling points is greater than 25 C, a simple distillation is used.