Table No. 4.

1 Age (Yr) of the urban and the rural Pre-School children of 25 girls and 25 boys each, subject. S.No. Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 Urban Boys 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Girls 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 Rural Boys 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Mean-3.96 S.D.-0.82 C.V.-0.007 Overall Mean Overall S.D.- 0.58 Overall C.V.- 0.31 4.12 0.75 0.08 4.02

4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4.0 0.84 0.67

4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.0 0.77 0.51

4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Table No. 4.2 Height (cm.) of the urban and the rural Pre-School children of 25girls & 25 boys each subject. Urban S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Girls 91 89 86 99 98 99 96 101 101 89 91 97 Boys 99 95 96 98 86 88 101 89 88 97 102 99 Girls 90 90 89 92 92 94 94 96 96 90 90 92 Rural Boys 98 94 95 96 86 100 88 88 95 100 95 95

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

102 104 105 93 94 108 102 104 107 99 109 108 107 Mean-99.16 S.D.-6.69 C.V.-15.99 Overall MeanOverall S.D.-

99 101 97 97 101 102 108 107 107 108 108 104 105 99.28 6.48 18.60 98.5 6.17

97 100 102 102 100 104 106 100 98 100 104 106 104 97.12 5.59 18.24

100 98 96 100 102 106 106 107 106 106 104 104 104 98.44 5.93 16.41

Overall C.V.-

17.08

4.1.2. Height and Weight : The Height of urban girls and boys was 99.16 6.68 and 99.28 6.48, respectively. The respective values for the rural girls and boys were 97.12 5.59 and 98.44 5.83 cm. (Table No. 4.2).

Table No. 4.3 Analysis of variance for height of the urban and the rural Pre-School girls and boys. Source of Variation Treatment Error Total 3 96 99 df Sum of squares 10.68 357.14 367.72 Mean sum of squares 3.66 38.30 .0955 F Value

The height of the urban and the rural girls was found very close to each other . The same pattern was also observed in case of the urban and the rural boys. However, the height of the boys was found more than that of girls, but this difference was found to be Non-significant (Table No. 4.3).

Table No. 4.3 : Analysis of variance for weight of the urban and the rural Pre-School girls and boys. Source of variation Treatment Error Total 3 96 99 df Sum of squares 0.52 320.96 321.48 Mean sum of squares 0.1733 3.3433 0.0518 F Value

The value of the weight of the girls and boys were found to be 14.2 1.91 and 14.56 2.06 kg. respectively, in urban area. Whereas, In rural area the respective Values for girls and boys were 13.48 1.55 and 14.24

 1.73 kg. table No. 4.6. There was more difference in the weight of the urban & that of the rural boys and girls. The difference between the weight of the urban boys and girls and that of the rural boys and girls was Non-significant. The findings of present study revealed lower weight for height in all Pre-School subjects in comparison to the standard of 14.6-18.7 kg. weight for 14.6-18.7 kg. weight for 94-109 cm. height for boys and the respective values for girls were 14.1-17.7 kg. weight for 93.9-10.8 cm. height. National Nutrition Monitor- ing Burea (1980) in its reports stated that the inhabiting environment affected height and weight of the population.

Table No. 4.4. Weight (kg.) of urban & the rural pre-Pre-School children of 25 girls and 25 boys each subjects. Urban S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Girls 11 11 11 14 15 15 15 15 16 11 11 14 15 14 Boys 17 12 14 12 10 10 14 14 12 14 15 15 15 16 Girls 12 11 14 14 14 12 12 13 13 11 11 13 14 12 Rural Boys 16 16 13 13 13 10 10 14 14 12 14 14 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

15 14 14 19 15 15 15 15 15 16 14 Mean-14.2 S.D.-1.91 C.V.-0.12 Overall MeanOverall S.D-

15 14 15 15 16 16 15 16 18 17 17 14.56 2.06 0.89 14.12

14 14 14 18 14 14 14 15 15 15 14 13.48 1.55 1.00

15 14 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 17 16 14.24 1.73 0.232

0.55

Overall C.V.- 0.50

Table No. 4.6. Arm circumference (Inch) of the urban and the rural PreSchool children 25 girls and 25 boys each subject. Urban S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Girls 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.5 Boys 5 5 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.6 6.6 6.1 6.5 6.5 5.5 Girls 5 5 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 Rural Boys 5 5 5 6 5.5 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.5

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

6.5 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.2 6.5 Mean-6.12 S.D.-0.51 C.V.-0.19 Overall MeanOverall S.D.- 0.51 Overall C.V.- 0.19 5.97 0.53 .225 6.05

6.5 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.03 0.54 0.18

6.2 6.2 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.2 5.90 0.51

6.0 6.0 5.5 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.5 6.5 6.5

0.174

Jackson, (1966) Jellifffe, (1966) reported that one of the most important sign of mal-nutrition in infancy is a stationary of falling body weight due to growth failure caused by inadequate diet and frequent occurrence of disease due to infection and infestation.

4.1.3 Arm Circumference : The corresponding values of arm circumference of urban girls and boys were 6.12 0.49 and 5.97 0.58 inch. In the rural girls and boys these values were 6.03 0.54 and 5.90 0.51 inch., respectively (Table No. 4.6).

Table No. 4.7. Analysis of variance for arm circumference of the urban and the rural Pre-School girls and boys. Source of Variation Treatment Error Total 3 96 99 Df Sum of squares 0.629 27.680 28.309 Mean sum of squares 0.2096 0.2883 0.72717 F Value

The values of the arm circumference of the urban and the rural girls were found to be very near to each other. The same

Table No. 4.8. Head circumference (Inch) of urban and the frral PreSchool children of 25 girls and 25 boys each subject. Urban S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Girls 17 17 18 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 Boys 18 18 18 18.2 18.1 17 18 18 18 19.1 19.2 Girls 17 17 17 17 18 17 17 18 18 18 18 Rural Boys 18 18 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 18

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

19 18 20 20 20 22 21 20 22 22 20 20 20 22 Mean-19.36 S.D.-1.60 C.V.-1.81 Overall mean

19.1 19.5 19 19 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 23 22 22 19.40 1.54 2.05 19.16

19 19 18 18 20 20 20 20 22 22 20 20 20 22 18.88 1.64 1.6

19 19 18 20 20 20 20 20 18 20 21 22 22 21 19.0 1.5 1.44

Overall S.D.Overall C.V.1.19 1.47

Pattern was also observed in case of the urban & the rural boys. However , the arm circumference of the girls was found more than that of boys, fat this deference was observed to be non-significant (Table No. 4.7).

4.1.4 Head Circumference : The findings of the present study of the head circumference of the urban girls and boys were 19.36 1.60 & 19.4 1.54 inch., respectively. The respective values for the rural girls & boys were 18.86 1.64 & 19 1.5 inch, (Table No. 4.8) .

Table No. 4.9 : Analysis of variance for head circumference of the urban and the rural Pre-School girls and boys. Source Variation Treatment Error Total 3 96 99 of df Sum squares 1.6362 237.9984 239.6346 of Mean sum of F Value squares 0.5454 2.47915 0.219995

The head circumference of urban girls was found more than that of rural girls, but it was found to be very close in the

Table No. 4.10 Chest circumference (Inch). Of the urban and the rural PreSchool children of 25 girls & 25 boys each subject.

Urban S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Girls 20 20 20 20 25 19 19 21 20 22 22 20 20 20 21 20 Boys 21 21 21 21 20 20 20 22 18 20 20 20 21 20 22 22 Girls 20 20 20 20 20 20 18 20 20 22 22 20 20 21 20 20

Rural Boys 20 20 20 18 20 20 20 18 22 20 20 22 20 20 20 22

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

20 22 22 23 23 24 24 24 25 Mean-21.48 S.D.-1.89 C.V.-1.26 Overall MeanOverall S.D.- 1.62 Overall C.V.- 1.38 21.2 1.25 1.26 21.2

22 22 22 22 23 22 22 22 24

22 22 22 22 24 24 24 24 24 21.24 1.71 1.30

22 22 22 24 24 20 22 24 20 20.88 1.64 1.73

Urban and the rural boys. However, the head circumference of the boys was found more than that of girls, but the difference was Non-significant (Table No. 4.9). Futrell et. al. (1971) reported that 56% of the children had gead circumference below the 50th percentile and most limiting nutrients on their diet were calories, ascorbic acid, both were also related to educational level of parents. It is a study on 639 Negro Pre-Schoolers in Mississippi.

4.1.5. Chest Circumference : The chest circumference of urban girls and boys was ob-served to be 21.48 1.89 and 21.2 1.25 inch. Respectively, Whereas, the respective values of rural girls and boys were found to be 21.24 1.71 and 20.88 inch . (Table No. 4.10).

Table 4.11 Analysis of varience of chest circumference of the urban and the rural Pre-Pre-School girls and boys.

Source of Variation Treatment Error Total

df

Sum of squares

Mean

sum F Value

of squares 1.506667 2.7025 0.557509

3 96 99

4.52 259.44 263.96

Table No. 4.12 Triceps skin-fled thickness (m.m) of the urban and the rural Pre-School children of 25 girls & 25 each subject.

Urban S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4.4 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.7 Girls 5.9 5.9 5.2 4.9 4.9 3.9 3.5 4.1 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.2 4.2 Boys 4.2 4.0 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.9 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 Girls

Rural Boys 5.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 3.9 3.5 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.2 4.1

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Mean-4.05 S.D.-0.34 C.V.-0.07

4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.2 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.27 0.65 0.088

3.2 3.2 3.1 3.9 3.9 3.2 3.2 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.86 0.4 0.007

4.2 4.9 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 4.1 4.1 4.04 0.67 0.051

Overall Mean4.16

Overall S.D.- 0.41 Overall C.V.- 0.05

The value of chest circumference of rural boys was less than that of girls a well ad that of the urban girls and boys, But the difference between the values of the chest circumference of the urban girls and boys and that of the rural girls and boys was Non-significant (Table No. 4.11).

4.1.6. triceps skin-fold Thickness: The mean values of triceps skin- fold thickness of urban girls and boys were ( 4.05 0.34 and 4.27 0.65) and in rural girls and boys were 3.86 0.4 0.67 mm., respectively (Table No. 4.12).

4.13. Analysis of variance for triceps skin-fold thickness of the urban and the rural Pre-School girls and boys.

Source of Variation Treatment Error Total 3 96 99

Df

Sum of squares 0.00585 28.02880 28.03465

Mean sum of squares 0.001950 0.291967

F Value

0.006679

Table No. 4.16. Systolic Blood pressure (mmhg) of the urban and the rural Pre-School children of 25 girls and 25 boys each subject. Urban S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 101 101 100 102 103 103 102 102 Girls 104 103 102 102 102 102 102 103 Boys 100 100 102 102 100 100 102 102 Girls 102 102 102 100 100 100 102 102 Rural Boys

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

103 100 101 102 103 103 102 102 103 104 103 102 102 102 102 103 103

102 103 103 104 103 102 102 103 104 102 102 102 103 103 104 104 104

102 102 102 100 100 102 102 102 105 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 104 101.62

102 102 104 104 102 102 102 102 104 103 101 101 102 102 102 105 105 102

Mean-102.12 102.75

S.D.-0.99 C.V.-0.13 Overall Mean-

0.79 0.65

101.3 0.41

1.31 0.5

102.37

Overall S.D.- 0.77 Overall C.V.- 0.42

The difference between the urban and the rural girls and boys was Nonsignificant (Table No. 4.15). Szewczynski (1979) stressed the importance of eating foods of high nutritive value on the Hb concentration. The low level of Hb of the urban Pre-School children was recorded in the present study could by due to poor eating habits an ignorance of nutritive value of green leaf vegetables. Swaminathan (1988) had reported that Hb level of blood is reliable index of overall state of nutrition in addition to its diagnostic importance in

anaemia. Study of Prasad et. al. (1978) did not corre-late Hb value with income or anthropometry.

4.1.8. Systolic Blood Pressure : The systolic blood pressure of girls and boys was found 102.12 0.99 and 102.75 0.79 mmhg., respectively in urban area. In the rural area the respective values for girls and boys were 101.62 1.13 and 102 1.31 mmhg . (Table No. 4.16). 4.17 : Analysis of variance for the systolic blood pressure of the urban and the rural Pre-School girls and boys. Source Variation Treatment Error Total 3 3 96 99 of df Sum squares 0.2 123.4 123.24 of Mean sum F Value

of squares 0.066667 1.281667 .052016

The was no more difference in systolic blood pressure of boys of urban and rural area, But the systolic blood pressure of urban girls was

more than that of rural girls. The difference between the urban the rural girls an boys was Non significant (Table No. 4.17). Futurell et. al. (1984) arrelated the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of pre-School children with their weight, Height and arm circumferences.

4.1.9. Diastolic Blood Pressure : The values of the mean diastolic blood pressure of the urban and the rural girls were found to be very close, i.e., 61.45 2.26 and 61.20 2.66 mmhg, respectively. Whereas, the values of the diastolic blood pressure of the urban and the rural boys were 62.70 2.05 and 60.70 2.33 mmgh. (Table No. 4.18).

Table No. 4.18. Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmgh) the urban and the rural Pre-School children of 25 girls and 25 boys each, subject.

b Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 60 60 60 62 60 62 65 60 60 60 65 65 61

Urban Boys 62 62 60 60 62 63 60 60 65 65 65 62 62 Girls 60 58 58 59 60 60 60 62 62 60 65 65 60

Rural Boys 62 62 60 60 60 62 60 58 65 60 62 60 65

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

61 60 59 60 60 60 58 62 65 65 65 62 Mean-61.45 S.D.-2.26 C.V.-0.21 Overall Mean-

60 60 65 65 62 62 65 66 65 62 65 65 62.70 2.09 0.55

60 60 58 58 65 65 65 66 62 60 60 65 61.20 2.68 0.10

65 58 58 60 59 65 6 60 58 60 65 65 60.70 2.33 0.77

60.76

Overall S.D.- 2.34 Overall C.V.- 0.40

4.19 Analysis of variance for diastolic blood pressure of the urban and the rural Pre-School girls and boys. Source Vaiation Treatment Error Total 3 96 99 of Df Sum squares 14.625 546.64 561.265 of Mean sum F Value

of squares 4.875 5.694167 0.856139

The mean diastolic blood pressure of the rural boys was greater than that of the urban boys by 2 mmhg. There was a slight difference between the diastolic blood pressure of urban and rural boys, but the difference was non-significant (Table No. 4.19). Makela et. Al. showed association of blood pressure with either weight or height in children. Their study on adult females further revealed strong regression of blood pressure with body mass index.

A study on children of 4-8 years old indicated that systolic and Diastolic blood pressure increased with height & weight (Mediras and Borgman, 1984).

Table No. 4.20. Body mass index of the urban and the rural Pre-School children of 25 girls and 25 boys each, subject. S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Girls 13.28 13.88 14.87 14.28 15.62 15.30 16.27 14.78 15.60 13.88 13.28 Urban Boys 17.34 13.29 15.19 12.50 13.62 12.91 13.72 17.67 15.49 14.88 14.42 Girls 14.81 13.58 17.67 16.20 16.20 13.58 13.58 14.10 14.10 13.58 11.93 Rural Boys 16.66 18.10 14.40 14.10 14.10 13.52 10.00 18.08 18.08 13.96 15.50

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

14.88 14.41 12.94 13.60 16.19 13.84 16.29 14.41 13.86 13.86 15.30 12.62 13.71 12.23 Mean-14.73 S.D.-1.15 C.V.-0.128 Overall MeanOverall S.D.Overall C.V.-

15.30 15.30 15.68 15.94 14.88 14.70 14.41 13.71 13.10 13.10 13.71 15.43 13.71 12.80 14.65 1.39 0.91 14.59 1.38 0.53

15.36 14.88 12.00 13.45 13.45 14.00 16.64 12.46 14.57 14.57 15.00 13.87 12.46 13.87 14.21 1.61 .89

15.50 14.00 15.62 15.20 15.00 14.40 13.35 13.00 13.00 14.80 14.80 15.70 15.70 14.80 14.80 1.37 .232

4.1.10. Body Mass index : The corresponding values of body mass index of the urban girls and boys were 14.73 1.15 and 14.65 1.39 kg/m2, respectively. In te rural area the respective values for the girls and boys were 14.21 1.61 & 14.28 1.37 kg/m2, (Table No. 4.20).

4.21 : Analysis of variance for the body mass index of urban and the rural Pre-School girls and boys. Source Variation Treatment Error Total 3 96 99 of df Sum squares 0.52 320.96 321.48 of Mean sum of F Value squares 0.17333 3.34333 0.0518

The values of the BMI of the urban girls and boys were very close to each other. The same pattern was observed in the rural girls and boys, but the difference was found to be Non-significant (Table No. 4.21).

Cronk and Roche (1982) and Ralland cachera et. Al. (1982) indicated that BMI was not alays an accurate index of body com-

4.24 : Distribution of children on the basis of frequency of type of food. Urban Girls S.No. Types of Food 1 2 3 Vegetarian Non-Veg Ova-Veg Total 8 9 8 25 Frequency Types of Food Vegetarian Non-Veg Ova-Veg 10 5 10 25 Boys Frequency

Rural Girls S.No. Types of Food Frequency Types of Food Boys Frequency

1 2 3

Vegetarian Non-Veg Ova-Veg Total

13 9 3 25

Vegetarian Non-Veg Ova-Veg

15 7 3 25

Table No. 4.24 shows that in urban area 8 girls and 10 boys were vegetarian and 9 girls and 5 boys were Non vegetarian, while 8 girls & 10 boys were ova-vegetarian Whereas, In rural area the number of vegetarian were more than urban, and 3 girls and equal number of girls were ovavegetarians. The number of Non-Vegetarian girls was quite in rural area.

4.25 : Frequency of consumption of cereals (g)/day along with amount Urban Amount (g) Girls Frequency Boys Frequency

60 70 75 Total

4 5 16 25

3 8 14 25

Urban Amount (g) Girls Frequency 60 70 75 Total 5 10 10 25 6 9 10 25 Boys Frequency

Tabe No. 4.25 by the above data analysis this can be concluded that the number of girls & boys who get about 75 gm. Cereals/day was quite high (16 girls&14 boys) in urban area. Whereas, In the rural area the consumption of cereals/days about 75 gm in both girls and boys was lower

than that in urban area. As against 16 girls & 14 boys in urban area there were 10 girls & 10 boys in rural area how consumed about 75 gm. Cereals/day. The standard value of consumption of cereals was 200 gm. For Pre-School children, whereas, we found 60to 75gm/day. This value is less than standard value. 4.26 : Frequency o consumption of milk/day long with amount. Amount (g) Girls Weekly Boys Weekly Urban

Daily

As

per Daily

As

per

available 150 250 300 400 Total 3 5 4 4 16 3 4 2 9 2 7 4 5 18 2 2 4

available 2 1 3

Amount (g) Daily Girls Weekly

Urban Boys Weekly

As

per Daily

As

per

available 150 250 300 400 Total 8 4 12 9 2 1 12 1 1 10 4 14 8 2 10

available 1 1

Table No. 4.26. The data shown in the taken inference that daily consumption of milk in urban area was higher than weekly or as per availability consumption. None but only 4 girls & 5 boys took about 400 gm. Milk/day in urban area. The daily milk consumption in rural was also high, but as against 20 boys & 16 girls in urban area only 14 boys & 12 girls in rural area took milk daily. The Daly consumption of milk of Pre-School children was 150-4000

gm. Whereas, the standard value was 200-250 gm. Which was less than calculated value.

4.27. Frequency of consumption of fruits/day along with amount. Amount (g) Daily Girls Weekly Urban Boys Weekly

As

per Daily

As

per

available 100 150 200 Total 5 9 0 14 6 1 7 2 2 4 4 8 6 18 1 2 3

available 1 3 4

Amount (g) Daily Girls Weekly

Rural Boys Weekly

As

per Daily

As

per

available

available

100 150 200 Total

3 8 2 13

2 3 2 7

3 2 5

2 7 4 13

2 4 3 9

3 3

Table No. 4.27 indicates that daily consumption of fruits In both girls and boys in urban area was quite high. 14 girls and 18boys took fruits daily, Between 100 to 200 gm. There was very close difference in daily fruit consumption by the urban& the rural girls & boys. 13 girls and 13 boys in rural area took fruits daily which was near equal to the number of the urban girls and boys. The standard value of consumption of fruits was 50 gm. For Pre-School children, whereas, we found 100-200 gm in these children. This value is more than standard value.

4.28. Frequency of consumption of vegetables/day along with amount. Amount (g) Daily Girls Weekly Urban Boys Weekly

As

per Daily

As

per

available 50-55 60-65 70-80 100 120 Total 8 6 2 16 3 3 6 1 2 3 3 6 3 5 17 2 2 4

available 4 1 5

Amount (g) Daily Girls Weekly

Rural Boys Weekly

As

per Daily

As

per

available 50-55 100 150 180 200 Total 8 2 3 5 18 3 4 7 2 2 4 2 10 20 2 1 1 4

available 1 1

Table No. 4.28 shows that both boys and girls in urban areas took greenvegetables either, daily, weekly or as per availability, daily consumption was higher in boys than girls, while weekly consumption was higher in girls (6). In rural area, the daily consumption of green vegetables ws quite high, rather than urban area. 18 girls & 20 boys took green veg. daily. The standard value of consumption of vegetables was 125 gm. For Pre-School children, whereas, we found 50-200 gm. In these children. This value is more than standard value.

4.29. Frequency of consumption of pulses/day along with amount. Urban Girls Amount (g) 25 35 50 Total Frequency 9 8 8 25 Boys Frequency 9 10 6 25

Rural Girls Amount (g) 25 35 50 Total Frequency 12 8 5 25 Boys Frequency 11 9 5 25

Table No. 4.29 reveals that the maximum girls consume 25 gm. Pulses daily, Whereas, the maximum boys consume 35 gm. Pulses daily in urban area. In this comparison the 12 girls & 11 boys took 25 gm. Pulses daily in rural area and only 5 girls and 5 boys took 50 gm pulses in rural area. The standard found of consumption of pulses was 60 gm. Whereas , we found 25-50 gm. In these children. This value is less than standard value.

4.30. The protein (gm.)/day intake of the urban & the rural Pre-School children 10 girls & 10 boys each, subject. Urban S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Girls 25.04 27.56 27.56 29.42 31.45 31.45 Boys 24.74 25.56 31.05 31.05 31.05 31.05 Girls 24.74 24.74 26.48 26.48 28.90 31.94 Rural Boys 25.64 25.64 31.45 32.22 32.22 31.45

7 8 9 10 Mean S.D. C.V.

29.42 29.42 31.45 32.22 29.49 2.15 2.01

32.22 32.22 32.22 32.22 30.33 2.66 2.58

31.94 31.94 32.46 32.46 29.70 3.04 3.12

32.22 31.45 31.22 31.22 30.19 2.38 2.14

Table No. 4.30 shows that Pre-School girls and boys in urban area get protein in ample amount. The mean protein intake in urban girls and boys was 29.49-30.33 gm., respectively, which was satisfactory. In rural area the Pre-School girls and boys also get protein in ample amount. The mean intake of protein in rural girls and boys was 29.70-30.19 gm. Respectively. Nor much difference was found in protein intake by girls 8 boys in urban & rural area.

4.31. The calory (Kcal)/day intake of the Pre-School girls & boys.

Urban S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean S.D. C.V. Girls 1040 1094 1094 1214 1214 1456 1194 1194 1194 1214 1190.8 106.5 102.47 Boys 1020 1056 1205 1205 1205 1456 1456 1456 1205 1456 1272 162.33 120.45 Girls 1020 1020 1250 1175 1175 1250 1250 1250 1250 1446 1203.6 122.18 109.01

Rural Boys 1046 1046 1214 1456 1196 1214 1456 1214 1205 1205 1225.2 131.45 113.57

Table No. 4.31. depects that 3girls and 2 boys in urban area and 2 boys andequal number of girls in rural area were not getting normal value according to R.D.A. (1990), which is between 1175-1600 kcal. The table no. 4.31 reveals that most of the boys leaved proper amount of energy intake below 1456 kcal, the energy intake may be called belowsatisfactory. 4.32. The iron (mg.)/ day intake of the Pre-School children 10 girls & 10 boys each, subject. Urban S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Girls 11.5 13.0 13.0 15.0 15.0 16.5 14.04 14.04 11 12.1 14.97 14.97 14.97 16.50 16.50 16.50 Boys Girls 14.0 14.0 14.8 13.9 13.9 15.0 15.0 15.0 Rural Boys 12.1 12.1 15.0 15.6 14.94 15.0 16.5 15.0

9 10 Mean S.D. C.V.

14.04 15.0 14.11 1.31 1.41

14.97 16.50 14.89 1.82 2.05

15.0 16.8 14.74 0.82 0.135

14.94 14.94 14.70 1.43 1.01

Table no. 4.32 shows that iron-intake in urban and rural Pre-School girls and boys is satisfactory. The normal value according to R.D.A. is 1218 mg/day. Only 1 boy & 1 girl in urban area was below it . The mean difference in iron intake between girls and boys in both the area is quite negligible.

4.33. Daily intake of cereals, Pulses, milk, Egg, fruits and vegetables of urban and rural Pre-School children of 25girls and 25 boys each, subject. Food stuffs Cereal (gm.) Pulses (gm.) Milk (gm.) Mean S.D. Egg (gm.) Mean S.D. Fruits (gm.) S.D. G.veg Mean 14.96 19.2 12.47 158 14.96 110 11.97 140 Mean 35.6 8.16 242 44.55 56 38.0 5.0 260 30.59 62.66 36.1 8.74 220 42.45 56 38.5 5.28 240 28.59 60.60 S.D. 5.01 3.96 6.10 5.01 Mean Values Urban Girls 66.16 Boys 70.28 Rural Girls 60.16 Boys 66.16

(gm.) S.D. Mean S.D. Mean 20.70 72 25.32 36.55 88 20 18.60 129.6 26.81 32.4 129.6 26.81

Table No. 4.33 show that the values of daily intake of cereals, pulses, milk, Egg, fruits, Green vegetables of urban girls were less than boys. The some pattern was also observed in rural girls & boys. The daily intake of green vegetables of the rural girls & boys was more than urban girls & boys.