This Peer Assignment draws on information delivered in the first 5 modules and contributes to 20% of your final grade.

You have one week to complete and submit the assignment. Your assignment must be submitted by midnight 25th August 2013. One hour after the assignment submissions close you will have one week to peer grade (using the rubric given you at that time) and give feedback to three (3) other students assignments. You have one week to grade your fellow students work and this task must be done by midnight 8th September 2013. History: Tom Smith is a 25 year old triathlete competing in the Hawaii Ironman event that consists of a 3.9 km ocean swim, a 180 km bike ride and a 42 km run. The environmental temperature is 30C and relative humidity is 75%. At ~3 pm, 8 hr into the event and 500 m from the finish line, Tom staggers and collapses to the ground. The medical support staff arrive to assist Tom. What are the potential problems that may have affected Tom? For each problem make a list of how it may be caused (hypotheses) and potential mechanisms. The Medical Team assesses Tom on the roadside. He is confused and incoherent. While being transported to the medical tent, his coach informs the Team that Tom is a professional triathlete who spends ~25 hr per week training. He was well prepared for the event and came to Hawaii 14 days before the event to acclimatize his body to heat and humidity. Tom was well at the start of the race at 7 am and two hr prior to the race he had a banana, a bowl of muesli and drank 500 ml of water. He swam well and during the first transition, he started drinking a 6% carbohydrate solution containing Na+ and K+ at a rate of ~200 ml every 15 min which was his usual fluid intake while racing. He began vomiting after riding ~100 km and began to fall behind the leaders. He continued to vomit several times and was unable to keep his drink down. He was sweating freely as he finished the bike leg. His performance deteriorated during the run, but he was alert and wanted to finish the race, telling his coach that he felt hot. He continued to vomit. As he approached the last 500 m Tom began to stagger and struggled to walk in a straight line. His face looked glazed. Despite wanting to finish the race, he collapsed and was placed on a stretcher. On arrival in the medical tent, Tom was semi-conscious and incoherent. He skin was pink, dry and flaccid with no signs of stings or bites. His body mass was 76 kg (pre-race 81 kg) and vital signs were: Tom's vital signs Blood Pressure Heart Rate Respiratory Rate Temperature 110/65 mm Hg 150/min 20/min 40.5 degrees C Normal Range 100-135/60-86 mm Hg 60-100/min 12-16/min 36.6 - 37.2 degrees C

Do you want to add to Toms problems? Provide hypotheses for new problems. Would you refine existing hypotheses? Tom is given two litres of a 10% glucose solution intravenously, then two litres of isotonic saline. Ice packs are placed near his femoral, carotid and axillary arteries. His temperature is

measured every 15 min and is heart rate monitored using an ECG. Within 4 hr his temperature returns to the normal range and he gradually regains his conscious state. Over the next 48 hr, Tom recovered well and managed his disappointment at not finishing the event for which he had spent so much time preparing. However, he began to have abdominal pain and collapsed. Upon investigation, he was found to have a segment of ischaemic, small bowel that was the result of a sustained reduction in gut blood flow. The section of gut was surgically removed and after a period of recuperation, Tom successfully returned to training and competition. The questions in the boxes above are just to guide your thinking and analysis of the case. Instructions: The work that must be submitted is the answer(s) to each of the FOUR (4) questions in the boxes below. You must type your answer in the box provided. Be aware of the word limit for each question. 1. Why was Toms blood glucose low at the end of the race? (Maximum words 150 4 marks) 2. How does hypoglycemia contribute to fatigue? (Maximum words 150 - 4 marks) 3. Why was Toms core temperature so high? (Maximum words 150 - 4 marks) 4. What physiological factors challenge mean arterial pressure for Tom and what responses serve to maintain mean arterial pressure within the normal range? (Maximum words 300 - 8 marks) Week # Week Starting Muscle muscle contraction and energetics 1 22nd July 2013 muscle fibre types, recruitment and performance muscle adaptations to exercise Weekly topic overview

Formal assessments

Quiz # 1 (based on Musc of Week 2 (10% of final gr Fuels overview of exercise metabolism 2 29th July 2013 carbohydrate metabolism lipid (fat) metabolism

Opens: Thursday Midnigh (USA) 2013

Due: Thursday Midnight 8 (USA) 2013

NOTE: You have one wee quiz. You can only attemp time. Ensure you have stu material for the first two w attempting this quiz.

Oxygen oxygen uptake kinetics cardiovascular responses to exercise 3 5th August 2013 respiratory responses to exercise maximal oxygen uptake determinants and limits Heat and Fluids temperature regulation during exercise 4 12th August 2013 exercise in the heat fluid balance and replacement during exercise Fatigue central and peripheral mechanisms of fatigue and their interaction limits to sports performance sprinting limits to performance - endurance

Quiz # 2 (based on Oxyge Fluids) end of Week 4 (10

Due: Midnight 22nd Augus

19th August 2013

Assignment draws on inf in the first 5 modules (20%

Due: Midnight 29th Augus

Final test Quiz #3 (based Oxygen, Heat & Fluids, an Week 6 (60% of final grad Genes 6 26th August 2013 genes and performance ("are athletes born or made?"); exercise and gene expression; potential for gene doping?

Due: Midnight 1st Septem _____________________ ___

Peer Grading of Assignm hour after the Due date (s need to grade at least thre assignments and give the by Midnight 5th Septembe