Automobile Electronics 7

Renewable energy

Agriculture Electronics

Consumer Electronics

1. railway gate 2. irrigation system 3. wind solar system 4. Protection of industrial ware houses 5. solar energy harvesting 6. Fertilizer sprayer 7. Cow-milk 8. Medical herbs 9. Portable Pirith player

7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Industrial Electronics 7 7

Industrial Electronics
Industrial Robots CNC Injection moulding Welding Prototyping machine Printing machines EDM machine(Electric discharge) Heat treatment machines Packeting machine

7/15/2013 Conveyors Driers

Actuators
Electrical actuators motors relays/ solenoids cylinders/ pistons valves motors cylinders valves motors festo website

Pneumatic actuators

Hydraulic actuators

Motors
less inertia - accelerate/deaccelarate easily Servo motors long in length, smaller in diameter usually discrete no of positions to set up Stepper motors

Sensors
Presssure Temperature Humidity Viscosity EN3

flow load cells light proximity

6 sensors proximity

linear guide

no sliding => ball screws => minimum friction => very accu

solenoid/manualy controlled valves for pumps

To control velocity & position feed back position encoders along with it => phase diff in controls signal?? standard full step half step stepping depend on driver micro stepping

Types AC Brush/Brushless DC AC DC Induction Synchronize?? Brush/Brushless

celarate easily

meter usually

to set up

CNC Machine
3 axis 3 servo motors

Computer Numeric Control Accuray: postion upto 1 micro meter for accuracy movement we have bulit-in encoders

track and penior??-> cant be so we use Ball Screw

EN2

EN1

since balls fill the dead

6 linear guides 3 motors

ppl used to write g code, now assemb

minimum friction => very accurate

y controlled valves for pumps

Types

AC Brushless DC

upto 1 micro meter

accuracy movement we have bulit-in encoders

rack and penior??-> cant be used due to backlash-> lack of accuracy so we use Ball Screw in order to eliminate backlash> 5000 pulse per revolution

since balls fill the dead end gap, no place for back lashing

5000 ppr encoder

to write g code, now assembly.

Industrial Robots 6 degree of freedom minimum required ?? Accuracy linear guide ball screw back lash eliminated gears 1 Harmonic drivers => called Gear reduction boxes

2 Synchro drivers =>?

encoder is built into the shaft of the motor need of backlash free transmission

->

http://www.kuka-robotics.com/en/

dom minimum required ??

8219245, 8319467,7443124

Values?

Boat People Educated

to use the minerals like ilmanite, graphite or others, we requir Is it possible for EN ppl to work on it?

Injection Molding

mould->inject->cool->eject-> repeat fast -> slow->clamp->inject mechanism to push mould and eject mould if ejection is done manually -> semi auto mode

Injection Cylinder

Injection Cylinder

LC

Thermo coupple

COntrol panel

Output port
Input port Relay

PLC Timer

sequence controller semi amp

PID controller

relay

use semi amplifier ->analog signal monitor temp->cool->heat accordign to mould size etc controlling->electronic part

graphite or others, we require professionals

Mould close Mould clamp Injection

fast slow Inj.Cyl.Forward high pressure high pressure Inj.Cyl.Back Mould cooling

Injection Cylinder

Injection Cylinder

load backward high pressure Mould open slow Mould open fast eject Auto here we direction go back to mould close here the operator will do control after that

Semi auto

relay to control high currents Relay valves

semi amp regulator

heater

we can keep pressure at equired level

Electro Discharge Machine

servo z axis

spark gap must be set to very low

Die sinking what is EDM http://www.edm.kd-solution.com/en_edm01.html

dissolves in the moving oil

control panel

pulse on

pulse off

spark duration

Ramp up

ramp

Ramp up

ramp speed

Wire cutting EDM

work piece controlled

in a oil bath, spark ga

spark gap must be set to very low-> for sparking

not too high voltage current maybe 50A 100/200 V not continous current->it's pulse current

pulse -> 10microsec to ms

spark duration

ramp

servo

ramp speed

Initially drill a hole then work piece controlled by x,y servos in a oil bath, spark gap must be controlled

servo rectifier capacitor bank

set of resistors to control current

Vaccum transistor

SSI MSI LSI

16 pins DIP 100 gates 1000 gates

70's

OR AND Mux Memories

VLSI

10000 gates

ULSI

100000 gates

VLSI

2.5 bil transistor

Top down approach in VLSI design http://www.indovina.us/~mai/a_top_down_approach_to_ic_design.pdf HDL code->Functional verification->Logic synthesis->external timing -> timing verification

semi custom design full custom design

only send metal layer mask to fabricator non recurrent engineering cost

google these n see EDA

Timing verification Design Rule checking Mask Lithography for VLSI Foundry Clean rooms for Semi conductor processing Classes ??

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65_nanometer The first integrated circuits contained only a few transistors. Called "small-scale integration" (SSI), digital circuits c SSI circuits were crucial to early aerospace projects, and aerospace projects helped inspire development of the te The next step in the development of integrated circuits, taken in the late 1960s, introduced devices which contain They were attractive economically because while they cost little more to produce than SSI devices, they allowed m Further development, driven by the same economic factors, led to "large-scale integration" (LSI) in the mid-1970s Integrated circuits such as 1K-bit RAMs, calculator chips, and the first microprocessors, that began to be manufact

size 100microm | v 22nm

OR

AND

FF flip flops are kept together?? systems based on this apttern less numbe of masks(5) less NR engineering cost moderate volume then use Semi custome des timeing is a problems where gatesa re located for apart timeing verification is critical

DRC for metallization of layers(not so complicated)

integration" (SSI), digital circuits containing transistors numbering in the tens provided a few logic gates for example, while early linear IC ped inspire development of the technology. Both the Minuteman missile and Apollo program needed lightweight digital computers for the introduced devices which contained hundreds of transistors on each chip, called "medium-scale integration" (MSI). ce than SSI devices, they allowed more complex systems to be produced using smaller circuit boards, less assembly work (because of fewe ntegration" (LSI) in the mid-1970s, with tens of thousands of transistors per chip. essors, that began to be manufactured in moderate quantities in the early 1970s, had under 4000 transistors. True LSI circuits, approachin

for example, while early linear ICs such as the Plessey SL201 or the Philips TAA320 had as few as two transistors. The term Large Scale Int htweight digital computers for their inertial guidance systems; the Apollo guidance computer led and motivated the integrated-circuit tec tion" (MSI). s assembly work (because of fewer separate components), and a number of other advantages.

stors. True LSI circuits, approaching 10,000 transistors, began to be produced around 1974, for computer main memories and second-gen

ansistors. The term Large Scale Integration was first used by IBM scientist Rolf Landauer when describing the theoretical concept[citation otivated the integrated-circuit technology,[16] while the Minuteman missile forced it into mass-production. The Minuteman missile progr

er main memories and second-generation microprocessors.

g the theoretical concept[citation needed], from there came the terms for SSI, MSI, VLSI, and ULSI. ion. The Minuteman missile program and various other Navy programs accounted for the total $4 million integrated circuit market in 196

n integrated circuit market in 1962, and by 1968, U.S. Government space and defense spending still accounted for 37% of the $312 millio

ounted for 37% of the $312 million total production. The demand by the U.S. Government supported the nascent integrated circuit marke

e nascent integrated circuit market until costs fell enough to allow firms to penetrate the industrial and eventually the consumer markets

eventually the consumer markets. The average price per integrated circuit dropped from $50.00 in 1962 to $2.33 in 1968.[17] Integrated

2 to $2.33 in 1968.[17] Integrated circuits began to appear in consumer products by the turn of the decade, a typical application b

de, a typical application b

Silica products? http://www.woolimlanka.com/products.html http://www.rsi-silicon.com/ http://www.zerofuel.org/Home_Page.php

.-> 6 Rs per kg solar panels hydrogen?

profit

http://www.epo.org/searching/free/espacenet.html

European patens biblographic contentwhether which c

how solar cell is made not using , but using silicon di oxid

contentwhether which countries have similar patents

ng , but using silicon di oxide

Solar Cells Si>90% extract Vein guards M grade Si purified Si

3 types of material Amorphous Poly Crystalline Crystalline-> high efficiency

Solarpanel manufacturering process involves four main st 1. Crystal growing 2. Wafering 3. Solar cell production 4. Solar panel assembly

Non-crystalline Si

Crystalline Ingot Pulling US 8002893 heat, rotate rod, pull silicon out?

cut

Disk US7025665

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AlGyJh4lcEC1dGIzdTZvWFI3Q3dVclZqVUJWUWZUcmc#gid=0 Chip Solar Cell Man US800 US7025665 US5258077

Method and apparatus for cutting ultra thin silico High efficiency silicon solar cells and method of f

g process involves four main steps:

wafering,cutting cut->polish->texture fabrication electrical contacts formation metal contacts? polish texturing Wafer 6429035 2947770 solar cells

p-n junctions developed insulators

s for cutting ultra thin silicon wafers solar cells and method of fabrication

Fabricating Environment What are the new materials in research

Technology

Efficiency

Cost

CdTe GaAs CIGs TiO2

0.84

20% 40% 20%

C Si Poly Si Amorphous Si

0.75

Cost

20-25 14 12-13.4

Eff

Consumer Electronics TV DVD,VCD Cameras , Printers, Scanner, Projector Telephone, mobile phones Washing machine Microwave ovens Computer blah blah blah

Question Material of solar cell eff Automobile Values

Material of solar cell eff Automobile