Aircraft Stability and Control Assignment

Longitudinal Static Stability
Set aspect ratio of wing ARw = 12

Given wing span b = 2.8 m
Wing area
)
At sea level take-off:
Sizing of horizontal tail

Take off speed V = 1.2
From Xfoil plotter,
Assume elliptical lift distribution,

(
for finite wing is as follows:

(
To enable the UAV has enough stick fixed degree of longitudinal static stability, static margin is
set to be 0.15.
Assume chord of horizontal stabilizer to be 45% of wing chord,

(
From Xfoil plotter,
( )(
Length of fuselage
Assuming the wing aerodynamic centre is located at quarter of the fuselage measured from nose.
Assuming the fuselage is a symmetrical hemispheric tube. The fuselage contribution to
longitudinal static stability is analysed using Multhopps method as follows:
station
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
wf
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
x
0.102
0.102
0.102
0.102
0.245
0.245
0.245
0.245
0.245
)(
)(
wf2*(d/d) x
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.008
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.0298
)
(
( )
d/d
1.250
1.300
1.400
3.200
0.084
0.251
0.418
0.585
0.752
sum
x
0.357
0.306
0.255
0.102
0.123
0.368
0.613
0.858
1.103
)
(
)(
)(
))
Most forward CG limit using servo limit

From Xfoil plotter,
;
(
(
)
(
station x
wf
a0w
1
0.207 0.155
2
0.207 0.155
3
0.207 0.155
4
0.207 0.155
5
0.207 0.155
6
0.207 0.155
7
0.207 0.155
8
0.207 0.155
9
0.207 0.155
)(
)(
wf2(a0w+it) x
-0.064
-0.064
-0.064
-0.064
-0.064
-0.064
-0.064
-0.064
-0.064
-0.577
-12.86
-12.86
-12.86
-12.86
-12.86
-12.86
-12.86
-12.86
-12.86
Sum
From figure 2.12(Nelson), k2-k1=0.944
Plot the above
)
and
)(
equation to get
)
(
)(
)(
Cm vs CL
0
Cm
0.5
1.5
2.5
-0.2
y = -0.15x - 0.0486
-0.4
CL
From graph:
Moment equation:
( )
In trimmed flight, :
(
)(
)
(
Assume 1 deg of elevator deflection changes the horizontal tail angle of attack by 0.4 deg, =0.4
From figure 2.21 (Nelson),
For =0.4,
; therefore
(
)
( )(
)(
)(
From the data of the servo used, operating travel is 60deg, therefore maximum available
elevator deflections
Most forward cg location
(
Therefore, permissible cg range: between 0.168c and 0.467c from wing leading edge.
Without servo control
0.317c
Most forward CG
With servo control

0.168c
Cruising at 2000ft at 60 km/h:

From Xfoil plotter,

(

(
set to be 0.15.
Assume chord of horizontal stabilizer to be 37.775% of wing chord,

(
From Xfoil plotter,
( )(
Length of fuselage
station
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
wf
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
x
0.102
0.102
0.102
0.102
0.245
0.245
0.245
0.245
0.245
d/d
1.250
1.300
1.400
3.200
0.082
0.245
0.408
0.571
0.734
sum
x
0.357
0.306
0.255
0.102
0.123
0.368
0.613
0.858
1.103
)(
)
(
(
( )
)
(
wf2*(d/d) x
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.008
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.0295
)
)(
)(
))

From Xfoil plotter,
;
(
(
)
(
station x
wf
a0w
1
0.207 0.155
2
0.207 0.155
3
0.207 0.155
4
0.207 0.155
5
0.207 0.155
6
0.207 0.155
7
0.207 0.155
8
0.207 0.155
9
0.207 0.155
-13.12
-13.12
-13.12
-13.12
-13.12
-13.12
-13.12
-13.12
-13.12
Sum
)(
)(
wf2(a0w+it) x
-0.065
-0.065
-0.065
-0.065
-0.065
-0.065
-0.065
-0.065
-0.065
-0.588
)(
Plot the above
and
)
(
)(
)(
equation to get
Cm vs CL
0
Cm
0.5
1.5
2.5
-0.2
y = -0.15x - 0.0448
-0.4
CL
From graph:
Moment equation:
( )
(
)(
)
(
For =0.4,
; therefore
(
)
( )(
)(
)(
(
0.306c
Most forward CG
Cruising at 5000ft at 80 km/h:

From Xfoil plotter,

(

(
With servo control

0.170c
set to be 0.15.
Assume chord of horizontal stabilizer to be 30.48% of wing chord,

(
From Xfoil plotter,
Length of fuselage
( )(
station
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
x
0.102
0.102
0.102
0.102
0.245
0.245
0.245
0.245
0.245
wf
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
d/d
1.250
1.300
1.400
3.200
0.080
0.241
0.401
0.561
0.722
sum
x
0.357
0.306
0.255
0.102
0.123
0.368
0.613
0.858
1.103
)(
wf2*(d/d) x
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.008
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.0293
)
)
(
( )
)(
)(
))

From Xfoil plotter,
;
(
(
)
(
)
)
station x
wf
a0w
1
0.207 0.155
2
0.207 0.155
3
0.207 0.155
4
0.207 0.155
5
0.207 0.155
6
0.207 0.155
7
0.207 0.155
8
0.207 0.155
9
0.207 0.155
-13.51
-13.51
-13.51
-13.51
-13.51
-13.51
-13.51
-13.51
-13.51
Sum
)(
)(
wf2(a0w+it) x
-0.067
-0.067
-0.067
-0.067
-0.067
-0.067
-0.067
-0.067
-0.067
-0.606
Plot the above
)(
and
)
(
)(
)(
equation to get
Cm vs CL
0
Cm
-0.1
0.5
1.5
2.5
-0.2
-0.3
y = -0.15x - 0.0437
-0.4
CL
From graph:
Moment equation:
( )
(
)(
)
(

For =0.4,
; therefore
(
)
( )(
)(
)(
(
Most forward CG

0.302c
With servo control

0.189c
Summary for size of horizontal tailplane and most forward CG position with servo control
Wing aspect ratio AR
12
Wing area S
0.653 m2
Wing span b
2.8 m
Wing chord
0.2333m
Flight condition
Sea level take

off
Cruise at 2000ft
Cruise at 5000ft
at 60km/h
at 80km/h
Horizontal tail volume ratio VH
0.731
0.720
0.708
Aspect ratio of horizontal tail ARt
7.74
10.69
15.98
Area of tailplane St (m2)
0.0854
0.0831
0.0808
Chord of tailplane ct (m)
0.105
0.0881
0.0711
Span of tailplane bt (m)
0.813
0.942
1.136
Area of elevator Se (m2)
0.0171
0.0166
0.0162
Chord of elevator ce (m)
0.0210
0.0176
0.0142
XNP/c
0.467
0.456
0.452
Xcg/c (without servo control)
0.317
0.306
0.302
Xcg/c (with servo control at
0.168
0.170
0.189
maximum deflection of elevator)
Directional Static Stability

At sea level take-off:
Take off speed
= 1.2
Use AXI4130/20 motor with 1311 prop and 30RC1700 battery.

The motor has the following characteristics:
Effeciency = 0.86;
Pout=782W
The dynamic thrust supplied is calculated as shown:
Set the spanwise between two engines = 1.4 m

One engine is off, therefore it creates yawing moment.
Yawing moment due to asymmetric thrust:
(
Assume chord of vertical tail to be 50% of wing chord:

(
From Xfoil plotter,
Assume 1 deg of rudder deflection changes the fin angle of attack by 0.4 deg, =0.4
Assume fuselage is hemispheric tube,
By referring to figure 2.29 in textbook (Nelson),

(
)(
(
(
)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Substitute equation 2,3, and 4 into 1 yielding:

(
(
) (
(
)(
)
(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
))
Cruising at 2000ft at 60km/h:

=

Effeciency = 0.86;
Pout=782W

(
Assume chord of vertical tail to be 40% of wing chord:

(
From Xfoil plotter,

(
)(
(
(
)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

(
(
) (
(
)(
)
(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
))

=

Effeciency = 0.86;
Pout=782W

(
Assume chord of vertical tail to be 32.35% of wing chord:

(
From Xfoil plotter,

(
)(
(
(
)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

(
(
) (
(
)(
)
(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
))
Size of vertical tailplane with one engine out and crosswind of 20km/h
Flight condition
Sea level take

off
Vertical tail volume ratio Vvt
Cruise at 2000ft
Cruise at 5000ft
at 60km/h
at 80km/h
0.0572
0.0410
0.0237
Aspect ratio of vertical tail ARvt
5.93
6,53
5.72
Area of vertical tailplane Svt (m2)
0.0807
0.0569
0.0326
Chord of vertical vertical tailplane
0.117
0.0933
0.0754
0.692
0.610
0.432
cvt (m)
Span of vertical tailplane bvt (m)
Longitudinal Dynamics
Sea level take off
Assuming the flight is at low speed (M
and level).
(
(
)(
) and the flight is in zero angle of attack (straight
)(
)(
[(
(
]( )
[(
)(
](
(
(
)
)
)(
)
(
)
(
( )(
( )(
)(
)
)
)(
)(
)(
( )(
)(
)( )
)
( )(
( )(
(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)
)
)(
( )(
)(
)
)
(
(
)(
(
(
)
)(
det(sI-A)=0
The solutions yield the eigenvalues:
Phugoid mode:
Short period
Cruise at 2000ft at 60km/h:
det(sI-A)=0
Oscillation characteristics:
det(sI-A)=0
(
Oscillation characteristics:
By approximation
Parameter Obtained:
m
q
sea
10
108.8
level
7
200 10
160.6
0 ft
2
500 10
260.0
0 ft
7
U
13.33
2
16.67
22.22
Thrust
58.655
87
46.910
62
35.193
52
1.225
1.007
0.736
4
S
0.6532
4
0.6532
4
0.6532
4
Cla
Cma
Lf
Iy
4.319
-0.616
0.233
1.87
2.91
4.5189
-0.64627
0.233
1.87
2.66
4.5972
-0.65838
0.233
1.87
2.34
Sea level:
Phugoid mode
Xu = -(CD + 2CDO)/Um
= -(0.824 + 2(0.879))/(13.32*10)
=-1.3784
Zu = -(Cl + 2Clo)/Um
= -(1.379 + 2(0.6))/(13.32*10)
= -1.3759
Wph =
= 1.006
Sph = -Xu/(2Wph)
=-(-1.3784)/(2(1.006))
= 0.685
Short mode
Zw=-(Cla+Cdo)(q*S)/(U*m)
=-(4.319 +0.879)(108.87*0.653)/(13.32*10)
=--2.7732
Mw=Cma(q*S*c)/(U*Iy)
=(-0.616)( 108.87*0.653*0.233)/(13.32*2.91)
=-0-0.26
Cd
0.8247
87
0.5132
49
0.2963
59
Cl
1.3794
3
1.0733
11
0.8260
84
Cdo
0.8796
43
0.5464
59
0.3160
32
Clo
0.6
0.6
0.6
Mq=-lf*Cla(lf/U)*q*S/Iy
=-1.87*(4.319)(1.87/13.32)(108.87*0.653)/( 2.91)
=-27.7
Wnsp=
=
(
)
=8.966
Ssp=-(Mq+U*Mw+Zw)/(2Wnsp)
=-(-27.7+13.32*-0.263+-2.773)/(2*8.966)
=1.896
2000ft
= -(0.513 + 2(0.879))/(16.67*10)
=-1.01
= -(1.073 + 2(0.6))/(16.67*10)
= -1.431
Wph =
= 1.0917
Sph = -Xu/(2Wph)
=-(-1.01)/(2(1.0917))
= 0.551
Short mode
Zw=-(Cla+Cdo)(q*S)/(U*m)
=-(4.518 +0.5464)(169.62*0.653)/(16.67*10)
=-3.188
Mw=Cma(q*S*c)/(U*Iy)
=(-0.64)( 160.62*0.653*0.233)/(16.67*2.66)
=-0.502
Mq=-lf*Cla(lf/U)*q*S/Iy
=-1.87*(4.518)(1.87/16.67)(160.62*0.653)/( 2.66)
=-37.3
Wnsp=
=
(
)
(
)
=11.17
Ssp=-(Mq+U*Mw+Zw)/(2Wnsp)
=-(-37.3+16.67*-0.356+-3.1882)/(2*11.17)
=2.0776
5000ft
= -(0.296 + 2(0.3160))/(22.2*10)
=-0.70985
= -(0.826 + 2(0.6))/(22.2*10)
= -1.545
(
Wph =
= 0.826
Sph = -Xu/(2Wph)
=-(-0.7098)/(2(0.826))
= 0.4291
Lateral-Directional Dynamics
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)(
)(
)
)
(
(
(
)(
)(
)(
(
)(
)
)
)(
)(
( )(
)(
(
(
(
)(
)(
)
)
(
(
)(
)(
)
)
Since the UAV is symmetrical, therefore

(
(
)(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)(
(
)(
)
)
(
)(
)
)
(
(
det(sI-A)=0
(
Cruising at 2000ft at 60km/h
det(sI-A)=0
(
Cruising at 5000ft at 80km/h
det(sI-A)=0
(
,
,
,
Summary
Sea level take-off
Cruise at 2000ft at
60km/h
Cruise at 5000ft at
80km/h
Longitudinal
motion
0.293
4.02s
eriod
10.73s
0.375
Lateraldirectional
motion
eriod
,
,
,
,

Aircraft Stability and Control Assignment

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Aircraft Stability and Control Assignment

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Longitudinal Static Stability

Set aspect ratio of wing ARw = 12

Sizing of horizontal tail

From Xfoil plotter,

Assume elliptical lift distribution,

for finite wing is as follows:

Assume chord of horizontal stabilizer to be 45% of wing chord,

From Xfoil plotter,

Most forward CG limit using servo limit

From figure 2.12(Nelson), k2-k1=0.944

Plot the above

With servo control

Cruising at 2000ft at 60 km/h:

From Xfoil plotter,

Assume elliptical lift distribution,

for finite wing is as follows:

Assume chord of horizontal stabilizer to be 37.775% of wing chord,

From Xfoil plotter,

Most forward CG limit using servo limit

From figure 2.12(Nelson), k2-k1=0.944

Plot the above

Cruising at 5000ft at 80 km/h:

From Xfoil plotter,

Assume elliptical lift distribution,

for finite wing is as follows:

With servo control

Assume chord of horizontal stabilizer to be 30.48% of wing chord,

From Xfoil plotter,

Most forward CG limit using servo limit

From figure 2.12(Nelson), k2-k1=0.944

Plot the above

From figure 2.21 (Nelson),

Without servo control

With servo control

Sea level take

Horizontal tail volume ratio VH

Aspect ratio of horizontal tail ARt

Area of tailplane St (m2)

Chord of tailplane ct (m)

Span of tailplane bt (m)

Area of elevator Se (m2)

Chord of elevator ce (m)

Xcg/c (without servo control)

Xcg/c (with servo control at

maximum deflection of elevator)

Directional Static Stability

Use AXI4130/20 motor with 1311 prop and 30RC1700 battery.

Set the spanwise between two engines = 1.4 m

Assume chord of vertical tail to be 50% of wing chord:

From Xfoil plotter,

Assume fuselage is hemispheric tube,

By referring to figure 2.29 in textbook (Nelson),

By referring to figure 2.30 in textbook (Nelson),

Substitute equation 2,3, and 4 into 1 yielding:

Cruising at 2000ft at 60km/h:

Use AXI4130/20 motor with 1311 prop and 30RC1700 battery.

Set the spanwise between two engines = 1.4 m

Assume chord of vertical tail to be 40% of wing chord:

From Xfoil plotter,

Assume fuselage is hemispheric tube,

By referring to figure 2.29 in textbook (Nelson),

By referring to figure 2.30 in textbook (Nelson),

Substitute equation 2,3, and 4 into 1 yielding: