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Department of Economics

Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

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Qd = f(P)
P Qd

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A
1
700

B
2
600

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C
3
500

D
4
400

E
5
300

F
6
200

G
7
100

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Qd = P , , > 0

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Qd = P , , > 0

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Qs = f(P)

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A
2
0

B
3
200

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C
4
400

D
5
600

E
6
800

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Qs = + P , , > 0

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Qs = + P , , > 0

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Outline

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Outline

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Qd = P

s
Q = + P
Qd = Qs

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d
Q = 800 100P
Qs = 400 + 200P
d
Q = Qs

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d
Q = 800 100P
Qs = 400 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
800 100P = 400 + 200P

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d
Q = 800 100P
Qs = 400 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
800 100P = 400 + 200P
=4
P
{

d = 800 100 4 = 400


Q
s = 400 + 200 4 = 400
Q

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d
Q = 1100 100P
Qs = 400 + 200P
d
Q = Qs

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d
Q = 1100 100P
Qs = 400 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
1100 100P = 400 + 200P

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d
Q = 1100 100P
Qs = 400 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
1100 100P = 400 + 200P
=5
P
{

d = 1100 100 5 = 600


Q
s = 400 + 200 5 = 600
Q

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d
Q = 800 100P
Qs = 700 + 200P
d
Q = Qs

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d
Q = 800 100P
Qs = 700 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
800 100P = 700 + 200P

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d
Q = 800 100P
Qs = 700 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
800 100P = 700 + 200P
=5
P
{

d = 800 100 5 = 300


Q
s = 700 + 200 5 = 300
Q

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Outline

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1%

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1%

X Y:Y = f(X)

e=

Y
Y
X
X

Y X
X Y

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1%

X Y:Y = f(X)

e=

Y
Y
X
X

Y X
X Y

e=

Y
Y
x,y0 X
X

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

lim

dY X
dX Y

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= -

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= Q
Q
ed = P
=
P

Q P
Q P
dQ P
; ed = lim
=

0
P Q
P Q
dP Q

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()
P
6
5

Q d=2400-400P
3
2
1
400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

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()
P
6
5

Q d=2400-400P
3
2
1
400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

ed = Q
P

P
Q

a
= QPbb Q
Pa

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

Pa
Qa

= 800400

45

5
400

=5

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()
P
6
5

Q d=2400-400P
3
2
1
400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

ed = Q
P

P
Q

a
= QPbb Q
Pa

Pa
Qa

= 800400

45

5
400

=5

Pb
Qb

= 400800

54

4
800

=2

ed = Q
P

P
Q

b
= QPaa Q
Pb

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()

P Q

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()

P Q

ed =

Pa +Pb
2
Qa +Qb
2

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400

5+4
2
400+800
2

=3

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e>1

e<1

!"#$

()#$

e=1 *+#$

A
B

Q=f(P)

Q=f(P)

Q=f(P)

%&#$

%&'#$

Q=f(P)
Q=f(P)

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()

Qd = 2400 400P
P
P
P
ed = dQ
dP Q = (400) Q = 400 Q

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()

Qd = 2400 400P
P
P
P
ed = dQ
dP Q = (400) Q = 400 Q

A
P
5
ed = 400 Q
= 400 400
=5

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()

Qd = 2400 400P
P
P
P
ed = dQ
dP Q = (400) Q = 400 Q

A
P
5
ed = 400 Q
= 400 400
=5

B
P
4
ed = 400 Q
= 400 800
=2

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Qd = f(P)
AB C

A
F

C
Q d= f ( P )

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Qd = f(P)
AB C

C
P
GB CG
ed = dQ
dP Q = CG OG =
GB
CB
FO
OG = AC = AF

A
F

C
Q d= f ( P )

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Qd = f(P)
AB C

e d =

C
P
GB CG
ed = dQ
dP Q = CG OG =
GB
CB
FO
OG = AC = AF

e d> 1

Q d= f ( P )

e d =1

e d <1
e d =0
B

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O
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P
A

O
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Q
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P
A

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Q
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ed > 1

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ed > 1

ed < 1

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ed > 1

ed < 1

ed = 1

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ed > 1

ed = 1

ed < 1

ed = 0

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ed =

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es =

Q P
Q / P

Q
P

P
Q

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es =

Q P
Q / P

es =

Q
P

Q
P

P
Q

P1 +P2 Q1 +Q2
2 /
2

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es =

Q P
Q / P

es =

Q
P

es =

dQ dP
Q / P

Q
P

P
Q

P1 +P2 Q1 +Q2
2 /
2

dQ
dP

P
Q

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P
F
A
Qs=-2000+1000P

C
-2000

-1000

1000

A es =

2000

dQ P
dP Q

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3000

4000

CB
AB

AB
OB

5000

CB
OB

= 1.67

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e s>1

C
0

e s<1
P

e s=1
P

e s=
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e s=0

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P
S

o
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

Q
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P
S

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Q
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X PY
QdX = f(PY ), eXY = Q
QX / PY

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X PY
QdX = f(PY ), eXY = Q
QX / PY

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X PY
QdX = f(PY ), eXY = Q
QX / PY

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X PY
QdX = f(PY ), eXY = Q
QX / PY

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M
Q = f(M), eM = Q
Q / M

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M
Q = f(M), eM = Q
Q / M

eM > 0

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M
Q = f(M), eM = Q
Q / M

eM > 0

eM > 1
eM < 1

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M
Q = f(M), eM = Q
Q / M

eM > 0

eM > 1
eM < 1

eM < 0

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M
Q = f(M), eM = Q
Q / M

eM > 0

eM > 1
eM < 1

eM < 0

:
:

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S0

P0

D0

Q0
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S0

P0

D0

Q0
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S0

P0

D0

Q0
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S0

P0

D0

Q0
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S0

P0

D0

Q0
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S0

P0

D0

Q0
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S0

P0

D0

Q0
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S0

P0

D0

Q0
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P
S1
S0

P0

D0

Q0
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P
S1
S0

P0

D0

Q0
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P
S1
S0

P1
P0

D0

Q1 Q0
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P
S1
S0

P1
P0
Ps

D0

Q1 Q0
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P
S1
S0

P1
P0
Ps

D0

Q1 Q0
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P
S1
S0

P1
P0
Ps

D0

Q1 Q0
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St

St
Pt
S

Pt
P0

De

P0
Pf

Pf
Di
Qt

Q0

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Qt Q0

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St

St

Pt

Pt
P0

P0
Pf

Pf

D
Qt Q0

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Qt Q0

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S1

S1

S0
P1
P0

S0
P0

Q1

Q0

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Q0

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P1
P0

S
P0
D0
Q0

Q1

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D0

D1

D1

Q0

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Ds

$4 $6
40
38
15

$6

$4

DL
15

38 40

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$10 $20

100 120

200

SL
$20

$10

100 120

200

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TR = P Q
Q P :Q = f(P)
dTR

dP
(
)
dTR
dQ
P dQ
=Q+P
=Q+Q
= Q + Q(ed ) = Q(1 ed )
dP
dP
Q dP

1 ed > 0 dTR
dP > 0

1 ed = 0 dTR
dP = 0

1 ed < 0 dTR
dP < 0

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