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QT- FORMULAE FOR SMBA


ARITHMETIC MEAN -
X

Type-I : x =
n
x


Type-II and III: x =

f
f x


COMBINED ARITHMETIC MEAN
Suppose we have two groups expressed in the same unit with arithmetic mean 1 x and 2 x , with sample
size n
1
and n
2
respectively, then the combined mean of both groups is denoted by x
and is denoted as
x
=
2 1
2 2 1 1
n n
x n x n
+
+

WEIGHTED ARITHMETIC MEAN



GEOMETRIC MEAN: GM for x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, x
4
, x
5
, x
6
, x
7
, and is x
8

GM =



HARMONIC MEAN : HM for x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, x
4
, x
5
, x
6
, x
7
, and is x
8

HM =



MEDIAN

M = L +
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

f
pcf
N
2
*i
Where L : Lower limit of the median class.
N: Total frequency
pcf: cumulative frequency of the pre-median class
f: Frequency of the median class
i: Interval of the median class
PARTITION VALUES
QUARTILES: Q1, Q2, Q3; Q
k
= L +
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

f
pcf
kN
4
*i, k = 1,2,3.
2

DECILES : D
k
= L +
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

f
pcf
kN
10
*i, k = 1,2,3,..9

PERCENTILES: P
k
= L +
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

f
pcf
kN
100
*i, k = 1,2,3,..99

MODE, Z = L +
2 0 1
0 1
2 f f f
f f

* i
Where f
0
= frequency of the pre-modal class; f
1
= frequency of the modal class ; f
2
=frequency of the
post modal class; l = lover limit of the modal class; I = interval of the modal class.


MEASURES OF DISPERSION
Quartile Deviation: Q.D =
2
1 3
Q Q

Coefficient of Q.D =
1 3
1 3
Q Q
Q Q
+


Mean Deviation about Mean =MD( ) =
n
x x
, where x =
n
x

Coefft. of M.D about mean =


Type-II & III
M.D about Mean = MD( ) =
f
x x f


, x =
f
fx

Coefft. of M.D about mean =



Standard Deviation and Variance

Type-I

= o
2
2
) (x
n
x

, x =
n
x
Coeft of variance : C.V =
x
x
o
*100

Type-II & III = o
2
2
) (x
f
fx

, x =
f
fx

C.V =
x
x o
* 100

Combined Standard Deviation:

12
o =
2 1
2
2
2
2 2
2
1
2
1 1
) ( ) (
n n
d n d n
+
+ + + o o
; d
1
= x-
1
x ; d
2
= x-
2
x And x =
2 1
2 2 1 1
n n
x n x n
+
+

3



SKEWNESS
Bowleys coefficient of skewness = Sk
b
=
1 3
2 1 3
2
Q Q
Q Q Q

+


Karl Pearsons Coefficient of skewness = Skp=
deviation std
Mode Mean
.

=
o
Z x


CORRELATION-REGRESSION

Karl Pearsons Correlation Coefficient ( r ):
r =






2 2 2 2
) ( ) ( y y n x x n
y x xy n


Spearmans Rank Correlation coefficient ( R ):
R = 1 -
) 1 (
6
2
2

n n
d


Spearmans Rank Correlation coefficient for repeated Ranks ( R ):

R = 1 -
) 1 (
] [ 6
2
2

+
n n
CF d
for repeated numbers/ranks , where CF =
12
) 1 (
2
m m
, where m is the
number of ranks repeated and d is the difference between the ranks.


LINEAR REGRESSION EQUATIONS

Regression equation x on y is : x - x = b
xy
(y- y ) and

Regression equation y on x is : (y- y ) = b
yx
(x - x ) where

b
xy
=


2
) (
) )( (
y y
y y x x
; b
yx
=


2
) (
) )( (
x x
y y x x


If correlation coefficient (r) and standard deviations,

are given, then the regression coefficients


can be find as
b
xy
=

and b
yx
= r

and r =





4


SLOPE:


If ax + by + c = 0, then the slope of this line is

Slope =


=


Whichever slope is small that slope is B
yx
and the inverse of the other slope is B
xy
.

Fit a straight line trend by the method of least squares, the equation is

y = a + bx, where a = ; and b =

only if x = 0


PROBABILITY
1. Probability of an event = P(A) =


2. If A and B are any two events , probability of happening at least one of them is
P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) P(AB) . Called as addition formula and

P(AB) = P(A) . P(B/A) &
P(AB) = P(B) . P(A/B). Called as conditional probability or product formula
3. If A and B are independent events, then P(A/B) = P(A) and P(B/A) = P(B) then the addition and
product formula becomes
P(AB) = P(A) . P(B)
P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) P(A) . P(B)

Expectation of x = E(x) = xp
E(x
2
) = x
2
p
Variance of x = V(x) = E(x
2
) - [E(x)]
2
,
Standard Deviation , SD =

BINOMIAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

P[X=x] =
n
C
x
p
x
q
n-x
, x = 0,1,2n
Mean = np
Variance = npq
********** **************** *********** *********** *************

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