GENERAL CHEMISTRY I CHEM 111 (3 Credits) (The chemistry of aqueous solutions, providing a theoretical basis for Volumetric and

Gravimetric analysis)
Analysis of Measurements 4 + 2 Hours 1) Recording measurements 2) Uncertainty in measurements 3) Significant figures 4) Precision and Accuracy 5) Statistical treatment of measurements; Normal distribution, Mean, Median, Mean deviation, Standard deviation and Variance 6) Propagation of errors in calculations; Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions 12 + 6 Hours 7) Typical acids and bases, Practical experiments with and common examples of acids and bases 8) Theoretical Models; Arrhenius model of acids and bases and its limitations, Brnsted-Lowry acid-base model as an improvement on Arrhenius model Lewis model of acids and bases Operational definition of acids and bases 9) Strong acids and bases 10) The leveling effect of water 11) Lewis acids and bases 12) Self-ionization of water and the pX scale-pH and pOH 13) Simple pH calculations for solutions of acids and bases 14) Equilibria involving weak acids and weak bases-Weak acid and base dissociations 15) Equilibrium constants; Dissociation constants for weak acids, bases and conjugate acid/base paws 16) Percent dissociation or ionization for weak acids and bases 17) Hydrolysis of salts (cations and anions) 18) Simple pH calculations for solutions of salts 19) Indicators as weak acids and bases and their choice in simple acid/base titrations 20) Calculations of pH throughout such titrations; Note restraining of pH changes but, avoid treatment as buffer solutions with HendersonHasselbalch equation 21) Polyprotic acids and bases Redox Systems 6 + 3 Hours 22) introduction to oxidation and reduction processes and developments in redox chemistry 23) Oxidation numbers (states); Rules for assignment of oxidation numbers 24) Properties of redox reactions; Oxidizing and reducing agents 25) Types of redox reactions 26) Balancing of redox reactions in acidic and basic solutions**** 27) Redox applications in analytical procedure; Examples: Permanganate, Thiosulfate, Dichromate, Fe2+/Fe3+,Ce3+/Ce4+ (Any other interesting examples) 28) Simple calculations involving redox systems; e.g. Percent purity Formation Constants 4+2 Hours 29) Solubility 30) Ionic product constants and Ksp 31) Common-ion effect. 32) Selective precipitation 33) Principles of Mohr and Volhard Titrations *****Keep away from using only acid conditions and then adding excess OH- to convert to basic medium****

University of Ghana Chemistry Department References for CHEM III

NB: Some of these books may have several different editions
1) 2) 3) 4)

Kask, U.; Rawn, J. D., General Chemistry, Wm. C, Brown Publishers, Oxford, 1993, Oxtoby, W. D.; Freeman, W. A.; Block, T. F., Chemistry: Science of Change, Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, 1990, Bodner, G. M.; Pardue, H. L.; Chemistry: An Experimental Science, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1995. Joesten, M. D.; Johnston, D. 0.; Netterville, J. 'F.; Wood, J. L., World of Chemistry, Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, 1991,

5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

Hill, J. W.; Petrucci, R. H., General Chemistry: An integrated Approach, Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey, 2002. Chang, R., Chemistry, Mc Graw-Hill Publishers Inc., New York, 1991. Atkins, J. W., General Chemistry, Scientific American Books, New York, 1989. Olmsted, J.; Williams, G., Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 2002. Kotz, J.; Treichel P., Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, Saunders College Publishing, New York, 1999. T. LeMay, E. H.; Bursten, E. B., Chemistry, the Central Science, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1997. D.; West, D.; Holler, F. J., Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Saunders College Publishing, New York, 1994.

10) Brown, 11) Skoog,