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ATTACHMENTS TO THE TESTIMONY OF
SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DONALD H. RUMSFELD
TO THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON TERRORIST ATTACKS
UPON THE UNITED STATES
23 MARCH 2004
10. Evolution of Certain War Plans, Programs, and Deployments from 1998-2001
12. Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States-
Intelligence Side Letter, March 18, 1999,
United States Department of Defense.
News Transcript
On the web: http://www.defenselink.mil/cgi-bui/dlprint.cgi?
http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/200 l/t02032001 t0202sd.html
Media contact: +1 (703) 697-5131
Public contact: http://www.dod.mil/faq/comment.html or +1 (703) 428-0711
Q: Are you going to give the allies— you know they are quite concerned about NMD [national missile
defense] — we realize, of course, that the defense ministers understand a lot more than the ordinary person.
Are you going to give people some assurances that you are not going to move, hastily or precipitously on
NMD without close consultation or cooperation from the allies?
Rumsfeld: Well, yes indeed. I mean that's been what I've said previously when the subject's come up. It is
what the president said and it is what Secretary Powell has said. There is no question but that we are interested
in and intend to consult very closely with our allies. That is what allies do.
Q: What kind of questions do you anticipate from them? Are you prepared to give them any specifics about
^_ how you will proceed on the NMD decision-making?
Rumsfeld: We are working that through now back home but we are not yet at that stage. I had my first
meeting earlier this week. It seems it is all a blur. I am trying to think when that was on the subject. And they
are working through some things for me now. We are going to be meeting again. We are not in a position to
talk specifics.
Q: Do you tend to outline to people what might happen if this is not done, if NMD is not done?
Rumsfeld: I am kind of old-fashioned, as everyone has been writing (laughter). I like to talk to people
individually about things like this. When you consult and listen to them and hear what they have to say; I don't
plan to make any pronouncements or anything like that —
Q: You have said pretty clearly that the danger is there and threat is there and isn't going to go away.
Rumsfeld: And it does not affect just us; it affects them every bit as much as it does us.
Q: How will you try to overcome their reservations about this and that seems to be across the board in Europe
that NMD can start another arms race, it could increase tensions with the Russians, and you, yourself, have
'"""mentioned the concern that some Europeans are concerned about de-coupling of the United States from
Europe.
remarkably peaceful close. U.S. and allied military power was the indispensable instrument
that contained the Soviet Union, confronted Soviet power and its surrogates at the
geographic extremities of its advance, and provided the shield within which democratic
order and economic prosperity could evolve and develop.
When the great struggle that was World War II has passed, this country found itself
facing new challenges with the advent of the Cold War and the development of nuclear
weapons. Today, the Cold War era is history and we find ourselves facing a new era, often
called the post-Cold War period, or possibly more properly the era of globalization.
It's an extraordinarily hopeful time, one that's full of promise, but also full of challenges.
One of those challenges, one that, if confirmed, I look forward to working with President-
elect Bush and this committee and the Congress to meet, is the challenge of bringing the
American military successfully into the 21st century, so that it can continue to play its truly
vital role in preserving and extending peace as far into the future as is possible.
As President-elect Bush has said, "After the hard but clear struggle against an evil
empire, the challenge that we face today is not as obvious, but just as noble, to turn these
years of influence into decades of peace." And the foundation of that peace is a strong,
capable, modern military, let there be no doubt.
The end of the Cold War did not bring about an end to armed conflict or the end of
challenges or threats to U.S. interests; we know that. Indeed, the centrifugal forces in world
politics have created a more diverse and less predictable set of potential adversaries, whose
aspirations for regional influence and whose willingness to use military force will produce
challenges to important U,S. interests andJo. those of our friends and allies, as Chairman
Levin mentioned.
President-elect Bush has outlined fcree overarching goals for bringing U.S. armed forces
into the 21st century. First, we must sfreng^theij.4ne bond of trust with the American
military. The brave and dedicated men and women, who serve in our country's uniform,
active Guard and Reserve, must get the best support their country can possibly provide
them, so that we can continue to call on the best people in the decades to come.
RUMSFELD:
Second, we must develop the capabilities to defend against missiles, terrorism, the newer
threats against space assets and information systems, as members of the committee have
mentioned. The American people, our forces abroad, and our friends and allies must be
protected against the threats which modern technology and its proliferation confront us.
And third, we must take advantage of the new possibilities that the ongoing technological
revolution offers to create the military of the next century. Meeting these challenges will
require a cooperative effort between Congress and the Executive Branch and with industry
and our allies as well.
"President-elect Bush has outlined three over-arching goals for bringing U.S. armed
forces into the 21st century. First, we must strengthen the bond of trust with the
American military. The brave and dedicated men and women who serve in our country's
uniform - active, Guard and Reserve — must get the best support their country can
possibly provide them so that we can continue to call on the best people in the decades to
come. Second, we must develop the capabilities to defend against missiles, terrorism,
the newer threats, against space assets and information systems, as members of the
committee have mentioned. The American people, our forces abroad and our friends and
allies must be protected against the threats which modem technology and its proliferation
confront us. And third, we must take advantage of the new possibilities that the ongoing
technological revolution offers to create the military of the next century." (Opening
statement)
"I'm committed to strengthening our intelligence, to serve both our short-term and our
long-term national security needs. I will personally make establishing a strong spirit of
cooperation between the DoD and the rest of the intelligence community, ... one of my
top priorities. We simply must strengthen our intelligence capabilities and our space
capabilities, along with the ability to protect those assets against various forms of
attack. (Opening statement)
"I would rank bioterrorism quite high in terms of threats. I think that it has the
advantage that it does not take a genius to create agents that are enormously powerful,
and they can be done in mobile facilities, hi small facilities. And I think it is something
that merits very serious attention not just by the Department of Defense, but by the
country. And I have an interest in it, and certainly would intend to be attentive to it."
(exchange with Senator Kennedy)
"And what we have to do is better understand what will deter and what will defend
against this new range of threats? And I don't look at them in isolation. I don't think of
long-range ballistic missiles and short-range ballistic missiles and cruise missiles and
terrorism as something that's disconnected. I think of it as a continuum. With the Gulf
United States Department of Defense
Speech
On the web: http://www.defenselink.mil/cgi-bin/dlprint,cgi?
http://www.defenselink.mil/speeches/200 l/s20010607-secdef.html
Media contact: +1 (703) 697-5131
Public contact: http://www.dod.mil/faq/comment.html or+1 (703) 428-0711
It is certainly a surprise to me to be returning to this distinguished Council after a brief absence of a quarter of
a century. My last time at a North Atlantic Council meeting as Secretary of Defense was December 5, 1976.
Back then, we were 15 nations, and a topic of discussion was the admission of Spain into the Alliance. Today,
we are 19.
Then, the principal challenge NATO faced was the military threat posed by the Soviet Union and the Warsaw
Pact. Since then, the Alliance succeeded in its mission of preserving peace and freedom during the Cold War,
has welcomed three former members of the Warsaw Pact into the Alliance, and has extended a hand of
friendship to 27 other nations through the Partnership for Peace (PFP). These are important accomplishments
of which we all can be proud - and on which we must build.
But, as we gather here for this first meeting of NATO defense ministers in the 21st Century, we must be
careful not to rest on the accomplishments of the 20th Century. We must prepare together for the new and
quite different challenges we will face in the new century.
This is a matter of some urgency. The Cold War threats have receded, thanks, in no small part, to the work of
this Alliance. The new and different threats of the 21st Century have not yet fully emerged, but they are there.
We need to take advantage of this period to ensure that NATO is prepared for the newer security challenges
we will certainly face in the 21st century.
What might those new challenges be? We know this much for certain: it is unlikely that any of us here even
knows what is likely. One statesman summed up the prevailing mood at the turn of the last century: "War," he
wrote, "is too foolish, too fantastic, to be thought of in the 20th century. Civilization has climbed above such
perils. The interdependence of nations in trade and traffic, the sense of law, the Hague convention, liberal
principles... high finance... common sense have rendered such nightmares impossible." Then he asked: "Are
you quite sure? It would be a pity to be wrong."
They were wrong -and it was more than a pity. How often have we been wrong about the threats and
challenges to our peace and freedom? Consider the track record during my lifetime: I was born in 1932, the
Great Depression was underway, and the defense planning assumption was "No war for ten years."
By 1939, World War II had begun, and in 1941 the fleet we constructed to deter war became the first target of
a naval war of aggression in the Pacific. Airplanes did not even exist at the start of the century; by World War
II, bombers, fighters, transports had all became common military instruments that critically affected the
outcome of the war.
March 2001
• A Good Reason: If U.S. lives are going to be put at risk, whatever is to be done must be
in the U.S. national interest. If people could be killed, the U.S. must have a darn good
reason.
• Diplomacy: All instruments of national power should be engaged before resorting to
force, and they should stay involved once force is employed.
• Legal Basis: In fashioning a clear statement of the legal underpinning for the action and
the political basis for the decision, avoid arguments of convenience. They may be useful
at the outset to gain support, but they will be deadly later.
• Command Structure: The command structure should be clear, not complex and one the
U.S. can accept—not a collective command structure where key decisions are made by a
committee. If the U.S. needs or prefers a coalition to achieve its goals, which it most
often will, we should have a clear understanding with coalition partners that they will do
whatever might be needed to achieve the agreed goals. We must avoid trying so hard to
persuade others to join a coalition that we compromise on our goals or jeopardize the
command structure. The mission should determine the coalition; the coalition should not
determine the mission.
Is it worth it?
• Lives at Risk: If an engagement is worth doing, the U.S. and coalition partners should be
willing to put lives at risk.
• Resources: The military capabilities needed to achieve the agreed goals must be
available and not committed or subject to call elsewhere halfway through the
engagement The U.S. cannot do everything everywhere at once.
September 19, 2001 3:13 P
speeches, press briefings and talking points, internally and externally. It is always
helpful if we are all working off the same sheet of music.
1. Terrorist Attack. The September 11fc terrorist attack on the U.S. was
carefully planned. There may well be more attack plans in place, and we
must recognize that. It is likely that the terrorists planned not only the
September 11* attack and future attacks, but that they planned how they
would hide and what evidence they wished to leave behind for us to find to
confuse our search. Therefore, it will take a sustained effort to root them
out.
2. Expectations. The world needs to have realistic expectations. This
campaign is a marathon, not a sprint. No terrorist or terrorist network, such
as the Al-Qaida network, is going to be conclusively dealt with by cruise
missiles or bombers. We recognize that it will take time and pressure on
the countries that harbor these people for the foes of terrorism to be
successful. Therefore, the fact that the first, second, or third wave of our
efforts does not produce specific people should not come as a surprise. We
are patient and determined.
4. Coalitions. The coalitions that are being fashioned will not be fixed;
rather, they will change and evolve. While most countries are concerned
about terrorism, and properly so, each country has a somewhat different Q
perspective and different relationships, views and concerns. It should not —
be surprising that some countries will be supportive of some activities in
which the U.S. is engaged, while other countries will not. Which group
any country falls into will depend on the nature and location of the activity.
U1559A /Ol
NCT0047107
We recognize that some countries will have to conceal or downplay their
cooperation with us. That needs to be understood and accepted.
6. Against Terrorism. Not the People. We are after terrorists and the
regimes that support them. This is not a war against the people of any
country. The regimes that support terrorism terrorize their own people as
well. We need to enlist all civilized people to oppose terrorism, and we
need to make it safe for them to do so.
7. Not Against Islam. This is not a war against Islam or any other religion.
The Al-Qaida terrorists are extremists whose views are antithetical to those
of most Muslims. Their actions threaten the interests of the world's
Muslims and are aimed in part at preventing Muslim people from engaging
the rest of the world. There are millions of Muslims around the world who
we expect to become allies in this struggle.
8. Secondary Effects. Finally, there will be secondary effects. We recognize
that as we continue to go after terrorism, our activities will have effects in a
number of countries. We have to accept that, given the importance of the
cause. As a result, relationships and alliances will likely be rearranged over
the coming years.
DHR:dh
091901-13
NCT0047108
iONLY in 2004
US Foreign Total
Date Incident Name(Sf Deaths Deaths Deaths Injuries Responsible Organization
12-Oct-68 Assassination-US Armv officer. Sao Paulo. Brazil 1 1 Popular Revolutionary Vanguard
22 Mar 74 Kidnap/Murder. US Vice Counsel, Hermosillo, Mexico John S. Patterson 1 1 People's Liberation Armv of Mexico
DONALD RUMSFELD
PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
G.D. SEARLE & CO.
On the Awarding of
Presented By
JOHN W. DIXON
CHAIRMAN, COUNCIL OF TRUSTEES
THE ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY
1. Despite the September 11th terrorist attacks or attacks that may occur in the future, the U.S. will not pull
back or withdraw - the U.S. will stay engaged in the world.
2. When attacked, the U.S. will be "leaning forward, not back." When the U.S. is seen as faint-hearted or
risk-averse, the deterrent is weakened.
3. Terrorism: it is not possible to defend against terrorism in every place, at every time, against every
conceivable technique. Self-defense against terrorism requires preemption - taking the battle to the
terrorists wherever they are and to those who harbor terrorists.
4. The war against terrorism will be "broad-based, applying pressure and using all elements of national
power—economic, diplomatic, financial, intelligence, law enforcement and military, both overt and
covert."
5. The campaign against terrorism will be "long, hard and difficult." Terrorists do not have armies, navies
or air forces to attack, so we must go after them where they are and root them out.
6. The U.S. will not rule out anything—including the use of ground forces. This will not be an antiseptic,
"cruise missile war." The U.S. is ready and willing to put boots on the ground when and where
appropriate.
7. Coalitions: "The mission must determine the coalition; coalitions must not determine missions";
missions must not be dumbed down to the lowest common denominator by coalition pressure.
8. The U.S. wants help from all countries, in every way they consider appropriate; we recognize that to
get maximum support, it is best for each country, rather than the U.S., to characterize how and in what
ways they are assisting the overall effort.
9. Declaratory policy: the U.S. is against global terrorists and countries that harbor terrorists—"you are
either with us or against us."
10. The U.S. recognizes it must be willing to accept risks. There are causes so important that they require
putting lives at risk - fighting terrorism is one.
11. Avoid personalizing the war against terrorism by focusing excessively on UBL or Omar. The task is
bigger and broader than any one individual. We must root out the terrorist networks.
12. Because Afghanistan is "anti-foreigner," the U.S. emphasized the truth, that the U.S. is not there to
stay; rather, we are there to help fight terrorism, liberate the Afghan people from the Al Qaeda and the
Taliban, assure that it does not harbor terrorists in the future, assist with humanitarian assistance and
help establish the conditions to ensure the new Afghan government has the opportunity to succeed.
13. The link between global terrorist networks and the nations on the terrorist list that have active WMD
capabilities is real, and poses a serious threat to the world; it points up the urgency of the effort against
terrorism.
14. September 11th resulted in a major shift in the world, offering opportunities to establish new
relationships and to reorder institutions in ways that will contribute to our goals of peace and stability
for decades to come.
15. Victory on the ground was crucial to the success of the information campaign—because strength is
respected throughout the world, and particularly in the Arab world, but also because liberation of the
Afghan people has been one of the most powerful stories on our side.
16. The U.S. can be effective when we leverage the capabilities of others.
17. Perhaps most important of all, we leveraged the Achilles heel of our opponents, which was the fact that
the Taliban regime and the terrorists were so widely hated by the people they oppressed. More
generally, every government that supports terrorism also rules by terror, and the people they terrorize
are our potential allies.
18. Momentum is crucial, and it was important to pursue the campaign relentlessly—no pauses to
negotiate, no pauses for Ramadan, no pauses outside Kabul.
19. The campaign had to include humanitarian operations (and information operations) from the very
beginning. Moreover, humanitarian operations had to be viewed in a strategic way, focused on helping
those people who were on our side.
20. Military force can have political effect only if it is militarily effective or threatens to be militarily
effective. Merely blowing things up, without affecting events on the ground, becomes a symbol of
impotence.
21. Finally, success required recognizing that defeating the Taliban regime had to be a goal, rather than
preserving it to avoid chaos in Afghanistan or separating "good" Taliban from bad ones. Afghan
reconstruction (and rehabilitation of "good" Taliban) could only come after the defeat of the Taliban
regime.
22. Unified commanders are expected to develop military options void of preconceived political
constraints. First determine what is possible, then let folks in Washington worry about what can be
achieved. (CINC can certainly voice his opinion about the advisability of options.)
23. Setting the bar higher—we should list our expectations of countries based on what we want them to do
rather than what we think they are willing to do.
24. Special reconnaissance operations (SRO)—focus changed to a proactive mode that places value on our
adversaries knowing we are doing it. Some will remain unseen, others will be coercive.
25. Even though we are engaged in a large conflict, we must continue to transform in order to emerge from
this current operation with the quality of our force intact and ready to meet the many challenges of the
21st century.
Donald Rumsfeld
DHR:dh
SD Memos/Current MFRs/Major Decisions.0501
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
1OOO DEFENSE PENTAGON
WASHINGTON, DC 2O3O1-1OOO
$8.3 billion for missile defense programs by $1.3 billion. In addition, the language proposed to
establish a congressional approval process for certain expenditures related to U.S. ABM Treaty
obligations would further complicate the Administration's ability to work with the Russians to
develop a new framework that moves beyond the ABM Treaty of 1972.
If such language were to become law, the U.S. would fall still further behind in
countering the threats of long-range missiles. It would extend the time of deployment for a
missile defense system even further into the future. In addition, it would send a signal to the
Russians and other countries that may prefer that the U.S. remain vulnerable to ballistic missiles
that they can wait us out, while proliferation and offensive missile developments continue apace.
By encouraging the Russians to believe that we will remain indefinitely constrained by the
restrictions of the ABM Treaty, it will make it more difficult for the President to succeed in his
efforts with the Russians to find a cooperative way forward.
Finally, I want to reiterate what Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz and I have said in testimony
before your Committee; this Administration has no plans to violate the ABM Treaty. We intend
to maintain a research and development program and continue discussions with the Russians to
establish a framework to move beyond the treaty, because it inhibits the testing of ballistic
missile defense.
If the language the Committee is considering were to be adopted by the Congress and
forwarded to the President for his signature, I would have to recommend to the President that he
veto the FY02 National Defense Authorization Act.
Sincerely,
^± Ov
U 1 4 9 0 4 701
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
The First 3 Years—1/01-3/04—Highlights
DoD A ccomylishments
Global War on Terrorism— Improved Military Readiness
- Developed global offensive strategy - Funding increases to support tempo
- Removed Taliban andAl Qaeda power - Joint combat capability strengthened
base
- Targeted pay raises
- Removed Iraqi regime from power—
Saddam Hussein and top Ba'athist - Budget supplemental to sustain
leaders in custody readiness
- Degrading/damaging worldwide Nuclear Posture Review
terrorist networks
- New triad
- Innovative approaches—to high value,
time-sensitive targets; maritime - Nuclear weapons reductions underway
interdiction Developed Proliferation Security
- Transforming mindset—more flexible Initiative
and agile
- Delegated authorities to capture/kill Restructured Missile Defense Program
high value targets - Withdrawal ABM Treaty
- Sense of urgency - Refocused and broadened R&D for MD
Implemented Space Commission - Aggressive test program
Recommendations - Began fielding an initial capability
3/4/04
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Report of the
18 March 1999
Donald Rumsfeld
Enclosure