PETE 310

Lecture # 17 Chapter 10 Properties of Black Oils - Reservoir Fluid Studies

Fluid Properties for Reservoir Engineering Processes

The fluid properties of interest to the Reservoir Engineer are those that affect the mobility of fluids within the reservoirs these are used in material balance calculations Properties at surface conditions for transportation and sales (API, viscosity, oil quality)

Fluid Properties for Reservoir Engineering Processes

PVT properties are determined from 5 specific lab procedures
Flash liberation tests Differential Liberation Tests Viscosity Measurements Separator Tests Compositional measurements

Fluid Properties Determined

Oil Properties
Bubble Point Pressure Bo Rs Bt Co and o

Gas properties
z Bg and g

Compositions oil & gas

Oil Sampling Procedures

Bottom hole or subsurface samples Separator Samples SAMPLE BEFORE RESERVOIR PRESSURE DROPS BELOW Pb

1.Flash Vaporization Test

1 2 3 4 gas V oil
t4

5 gas V
t5

t1

V oil

t2

oil

V t3 = V b

oil oil

Hg

Hg

Hg

Hg Hg

P 1 >> P

P2 > P

P3 = P

P4 < P

P5 <P

Temperature of Test = Reservoir Temperature

1.Flash Vaporization Test

Properties determined
Pb Co

Determination of Pb

Determination of Co

2.Differential Separation Test

Gas off 1 2 3 gas gas oil oil oil oil 4 5 gas

Hg

oil

Hg

Hg

oil

Hg P1 = Pb P2 < Pb P2 < Pb P2 < P b

Hg P3 < P
2

< Pb

Temperature of Test = Reservoir Temperature

2.Differential Separation Test

Properties Determined
Oil formation volume factor at the Bubble Point pressure Bodb and below the bubble point pressure Bod Solution gas-oil ratio at the Bubble Point pressure Rsdb and below the bubble point pressure Rsd Isothermal compressibility (derived property)

3. Separator Tests
Tests performed at a combination of different Temperature and Pressure pairs

3. Separator Tests
Goals: Maximize API, minimize BoSb & RsSb

Optimization of Separator 2 Conditions

3300
High Pressure Separator @ 900 psia and 100 F

2.86 Formation Volume Factor at Pb (Bob)

Solution Gas Oil Ratio at Pb (Rsb)

3280 3260

2.84

2.82

3240 3220 3200 3180

o T = 75 F 2.76 Sep2

2.80

2.78

3160 50

100

150

200

250

300

Separator 2 Pressure (psia)

Comparison between 1 & 2 Separators Stages (volatile oil)

3460 Solution Gas Oil Ratio at Pb (Rsb) 2.96 Formation Volume Factor at Pb (Bob) 3440
One Separator Stage

3420

2.94

3400 2.92

3380
Low Pressure Separator @ 300 psia and 75F o TSep1 = 160 F

3360

2.90 900 1000

400

500

600

700

800

Separator 1 Pressure (psia)

Typical PVT Properties for a Black Oil and a Volatile Oil

3.2 3.0 Black Oil Volatile Oil Black Oil Correlation o T =180 F R

Formation Volume Factor (Bo)

2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0

P b 1000 2000 3000 4000

P b 5000

Pressure (psia)

Typical PVT Properties for a Black Oil and a Volatile Oil

4000
Black Oil Volatile Oil Black Oil Correlation o T =180 F R

Solution Gas Oil Ratio (Rs)

3000

2000

1000

P b

P b

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Pressure (psia)

Nomenclature

4. Compositional Tests
http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/CHROMO/chromintro.html http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/CHROMO/chroanim.html