FORUM 1 ( How to make teaching an attractive profession ) 1.

The teaching profession needs to be competitive with other occupations in attracting talented and motivated people. This chapter reviews the trends that are raising concerns about teachings attractiveness as a career choice, reviews the evidence on the main causal factors involved, and develops policy options for countries to consider. Policy responses are needed at two levels. The first seeks to improve teachings general status and competitive position in the job market, and broaden sources of teacher supply to include well-qualified people from other careers and former teachers. The second involves more targeted responses to particular types of teacher shortages, including stronger incentives for teachers with skills that are in short supply, and encouragement and support for teachers to work in challenging schools or difficult locations. A teacher or schoolteacher is a person who provides education for pupils (children) and students (adults). The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education. In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional qualifications or credentials from a university or college. These professional qualifications may include the study of pedagogy, the science of teaching. Teachers, like other professionals, may have to continue their education after they qualify, a process known as continuing professional development. Teachers may use a lesson plan to facilitate student learning, providing a course of study which is called the curriculum. A teacher's role may vary among cultures. Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills. A teacher who facilitates education for an individual may also be described as a personal tutor, or, largely historically, a governess. In some countries, formal education can take place through home schooling. Informal learning may be assisted by a teacher occupying a transient or ongoing role, such as a family member, or by anyone with knowledge or skills in the wider community setting. 2. A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching. Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips, supervise study halls, help with the organization of school functions, and serve as supervisors for extracurricular activities. In some education systems, teachers may have responsibility for student discipline. Around the world teachers are often required to obtain specialized education, knowledge, codes of ethics and internal monitoring. There are a variety of bodies designed to instill, preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of teachers. Around the world many governments operate teacher's colleges, which are generally established to serve and protect the public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession. The functions of the teacher's colleges may include setting out clear standards of practice, providing for the ongoing education of teachers, investigating complaints involving members, conducting hearings into allegations of professional misconduct and taking appropriate disciplinary action and accrediting teacher education programs. In many situations teachers in publicly funded schools must be members in good standing with the college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples. In other areas these roles may belong to the State Board of Education, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the State Education Agency or other governmental bodies. In still other areas Teaching Unions may be responsible for some or all of these duties. 3. In general, the preponderance of evidence concludes that effective teachers are capable of inspiring significantly greater learning gains in their students when compared with their weaker colleagues. Most of this evidence is based on value added analyses of large sets of data linking individual students test scores to their teachers.Such studies determine students' average annual rates of improvement, as measured by test scores. They estimate how much value a teacher has contributed to student achievement, factoring in the gains the student was expected to make based on past performance, and in some cases, controlling for elements such as peer characteristics and background, including poverty level and family education.Factors such as family background continue to predict a majority of the variation in student achievement, but scholars generally agree that teacher quality is probably the most important school-based factor affecting achievement. Specific estimates are difficult to arrive at because economists have been unable to link a portion of the variation in student achievement to any particular input (Sawchuk, 2011). 4. Parsing the strengths and weaknesses of the vast array of programs that purport to invest in teachers knowledge and skills continues to be a challenge. Today, professional development activities include formal teacher induction, the credits or degrees teachers earn as part of recertification or to receive salary boosts, the national-board-certification process, and participation in subject-matter

associations or informal networks. (Sawchuk, Nov. 10, 2010a). Historically, administrators have favored the workshop approach, in which a district or school brings in an outside consultant or curriculum expert on a staff-development day to give teachers a one-time training seminar on a garden-variety pedagogic or subject-area topic. Criticized for their lack of continuity and coherence, workshops have at least in theory fallen out of favor. The federal No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, for instance, defines all professional development funded through the law to include activities that are not one-day or short-term workshops or conferences. There is little evidence to suggest that states and districts adhere to this directive. 5. According to Goodson (2003) occupational status depends on the public valuing of the competence, role and over all contribution of a particular occupation to individual and societal welfare. He asserted that occupations that have attained professional status share the following characteristics: a. a high level of education and training base on a unique and specialized body of knowledge b. a strong ideal of public service with an enforced professional code of conduct and high levels of respect from the public domain. C. registration and regulation by the profession itself d. trusted to act in the clients best interest within a frame work of accountability e. similar levels of compensation as other professions. Predicated upon these positions mentioned above, one could note that a profession performs essential social service. Teaching profession, beyond all reasonable doubt, meets this criterion, for education is a social service. The service which education performs is essential to the individual child who could not be fully socialized in a industrial society if he did not spend lengthy period in full time formal education.

FORUM2 ( How to keep ourselves healthy ) 1. Eat a Healthy Breakfast As we work with patients to improve their diet, we continue to be amazed at how few people eat breakfast. Most either skip it entirely, or drink coffee and eat sugary pastries instead. A healthy breakfast is the cornerstone of a good diet. It is a meal that provides the opportunity to eat a serving of whole grains, a digestible protein, and have a serving or two of fruit. The energy from a healthy breakfast can carry you through your morning in a more stable way than by eating stimulating foods such as sweets and coffee. Studies have shown, for example, that people can lower their cholesterol by eating breakfast. This is due to several factors. Breakfasts tend to be high in fiber (fruit, oatmeal, whole grain cereals) which absorb cholesterol in the intestines for removal from the body. More importantly, however, when we skip breakfast, our bodies go for 10-16 hours with no outside source of energy. Our chemistry begins to shift to a mode of starvation, which increases appetite and changes how our bodies regulate blood sugar. We then tend to crave high fat and high carbohydrate foods and binge later in the day, resulting in taking in more calories than we need just as our bodies are primed to store energy in the form of fat. If you are trying to improve your diet and nutrition and stay healthy as you age, eat a good breakfast every day. Vary your foods and try to get some protein if you have problems regulating your blood sugar. 2. Enough rest. Enough rest is very essential. For the adults, it is advisable to sleep from six to eight hours per day. After working the whole day, our body and brain will be very tired and need to take a rest to refresh. It is not advisable for school children to burn the midnight oil for studying until too late. This will put an impact on their focus at school on the next day. They will be very tired and their study will be affected. Laughter is the best medicine. Sometimes, we need to socialise with others. If we have friends to talk with and share our problems, we will be more confident to face the obstacles of life. This is very important because if we are not confident with ourselves, it may affect our health and cause mental illness. As a consequence, we need to keep our body and mental in good condition always. This is vital as healthy life leads to blithe and bliss. 3. Simple ways to keep ourselves in good health.

There are many simple ways that we can keep ourselves in good health. To be in good health is to be healthy. People who are healthy have energy and stamina. They rarely get sick. They are full of life, living a healthy lifestyle. Here are five steps that you can take to keep yourself healthy! 3.1 Eat healthy. Remember those food groups? Try to get your recommenced daily allowances each day. Our bodies need these foods for a reason. Each food group nourishes our body in a different way. When our body is fully nourished we feel good. People concentrate and learn much better when they eat a well balanced diet. Memory even functions better. Remember to eat right! 3.2 Our bodies need more than food to stay healthy. We also need fluids. Think hydration. When our bodies get dehydrate we begin to experience physical symptoms. Severe dehydration can be fatal. Mild dehydration can cause mood swings and irritability, not to mention a thirsty feeling. Did you know that by the time you feel thirsty you are already low on fluids? Thirst is our bodies way of telling us that it needs more fluids. Adults need to drink at least eight 8 ounce glasses of fluid per day. Remember, soda doesn't count as a fluid because brinks containing caffeine can actually dehydrate us! 3.3 Take a multivitamin. Why? Because. Our bodies need both vitamins and minerals to maintain good health. Very few people get the daily recommendations for vitamins and minerals by eating alone. A multivitamin contains these essential vitamins and minerals that we don't get from the foods we eat. 3.4 Stay active. Exercise. Sitting around all day is not going to keep anyone healthy. Getting out in the fresh air will. Soaking up the sun while going for a walk will keep you healthy too. Our muscles need to be used in order to stay healthy. When people are not active enough they will begin to notice symptoms such as weakness, and aches and pains.Everyone wants to be healthy. The are many more ways to stay healthy other than the five I have given you. Try these ones then see if you can think of some others : 4. How to effectively keep ourselves fit and healthy Being fit and healthy is one of the ultimate dreams of every person. Everything will follow when a man is healthy. He could continue with what he is doing, may it be work or school related without interruptions. He even can do extra curricular things, things that he normally don't do in normal times. He can travel anywhere as long as he wants so on and so forth.On the contrary, if a person suffers from a particular illness, he cannot go wherever he wants. Things will be hard for him, and worst may even loose his job or business. So it would follow that life would be hard for him and his family too who are dependent on him. This is the reason why people do the best they could in order to stay fit and healthy. And there are a lot of ways we normally do in order to achieve illness free life. To exercise regularly is one of those effective ways to stay fit. People spend time at the gym every day or three times a week depending on their availability or free time. Some would go for a brisk walk of at least 3060 minutes a day or jogging which is one of the best exercise also. Others will go swimming, dancing and playing basketball, tennis and other sports.Aside from those mentioned exercise, people also resort to taking some vitamins and food supplements in order to stay fit. There are a lot of those available in the market although we should be careful also with what we will take because there might be side effects which may be harmful to our body. 5. Look up. The sun is shining, the birds are singing, and the sky is blue. How beautiful a world it is! How do you enjoy your life in such a wonderful world? The answer is keeping yourself healthy. If you are healthy, you can do many things that you want to do. You can be a volunteer to help those people that need your help. You also can travel around the world. How to keep yourself healthy? The following are some recommendations:First, eat healthy foods such as fruits, vegetables, and food rich in high fiber. Avoid eating foods with high fat, cholesterol, and salt. Besides, you also have to control your body weight within a normal range.Second, make exercise a habit. Choose some exercise that is fit for you and set a regular time to do it. Also, over-exercise and inappropriate exercise are not good for your health.Third, avoid smoking and second-hand smoking to protect yourself from being the

candidate of cancer.Fourth, protect yourself at work. Find out what chemicals are hazardous in your work place. Avoid contact with and inhaling these agents. Do any protection procedure if you have contact with them.Fifth, find ways to deal with stress. You should have some time to relax every day and think about the good things in your life.Sixth, have a regular medical checkup to detect your disease in the early stages.You can choose what life you want to live, happy or sad. I think everyone wants a happy life. How can you enjoy your life without health? So keeping yourself healthy is the most important thing you should do first. FORUM 3 ( How does learning English benefit you ) 1. How Learning English Could Benefit You Whether you avoided doing language homework at school, or didn't see the benefits of having a second language earlier on, it is never too late to pick up new language skills. There are many reasons that learning English could change your life for the better. It is not only about increased career opportunities, or the ability to travel more widely and easily (although these are some good reasons); you could feel different as you approach other areas of your life too. 1.1 Career and Professional Development In business, English is one of the world's most widely spoken languages. That means you could experience a great boost to your career by learning English. It also opens up options to apply for jobs requring English which you never through possible from roles in sales management through to options in academia. 1.2 Social Meeting new people and sharing your new-found skills has got to be one of the biggest perks of speaking another language. Whether it is with colleagues based overseas from your own company, or a new friend made in a bar on holiday, the delights of interacting more easily are clear. You could even choose to study at an intensive course abroad. 1.3 Cultural From Hollywood films through to one of the world's most famous playwrights, some of the great cultural experiences in English are more accessible when you have a grasp of the language. But learn about other countries where English is widely spoken and you can experience more unusual cultural delights. Countries where English is an official language include Singapore, Canada and New Zealand. 1.4 Travel Opportunities There's nothing quite like learning a language in the native country and, if you're rusty and thinking of taking a course, incorporating a visit to an English-speaking city is an option.

FORUM 4 ( How to do our part to help against global warming.) FORUM 6 (How to reduce crime rate in this country ) FORUM 7 (Tell about an interesting holiday destination that you have been to.) FORUM 8 ( Should we allow students to bring mobile phones to school? ) FORUM 9 (If you were the Education Minister, what is one thing that you would do/change? ) FORUM 10 (How to improve the performance of our athletes at the global stage. )