ADVERB

Adverb is a part of speech that describes the verb. Modify means to add to or change the meaning of a word. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Kindly, slowly, here, often, and very are examples of adverbs. HOW IT DESCRIBE THE VERB LET SEE. Difference Between Verb and Adverb A verb is a part of speech that denotes action. On the other hand, adverb is a part of speech that describes the verb. It is very important to know about the position of adverb in English grammar. Look at the two sentences, 1. Anthony comes fast. 2. Angela sings beautifully. In both the sentences, you can see that the words fast and beautifully are used as adverbs describing the verbs, namely, comes and sings respectively. In both the cases, you can find that the adverbs describe the verbs. This is the primary duty of adverbs. It is interesting to note that adverbs primarily end with the letter ly. Of course, it is a general rule. However, there are a number of adverbs in the English language that do not end with the letter y. The adverbs that end with the letter y are faithfully, beautifully, swiftly, carefully, and the like. Adverbs like fast, go od, and the like of course do not end with the letter y. This is an important observation to make in the study of an adverb. These are the important differences between the two important parts of speech called the verb and the adverb. Difference Between Adjective and Adverb An adjective tells us more about a noun. Example: an expensive car, a clever girl. An adverb tells us more about a verb. Example: He talked nervously. HOW TO FORM THE ADVERB
Adjective + ly

sad nervous

sadly nervously

quiet soft

quietly softly

Adjectives ending in -y ily

happy

happily

angry

angrily

Adjectives ending in le ly

terrible

terribly

capable

capably

Adjectives ending in ly

friendly lively lonely lovely

in a friendly way / manner in a lively way / manner in a lonely way / manner in a lovely way / manner

daily early monthly weekly

daily early monthly weekly

silly

in a silly way / manner

yearly

yearly

Irregular forms

good fast hard long

well fast hard long

low straight extra doubtless

low straight extra doubtless

Double forms

hard near late

hard near late

hardly = kaum nearly = beinahe lately = in letzter Zeit

HOW TO USE THE ADVERB Verb + adverb The adverb describes a verb

Example:

He

drove verb

carefully. adverb her house quickly adverb

She

sold verb

Adjective + adverb The adverb describes an adjective

Example:

Her

necklace was She was

horribly adverb terribly adverb

expensive. adjective sorry. adjective

Adverb + adverb The adverb describes an adverb

Example:

They played He did his homework

terribly adverb adverb

badly. adverb adverb

absolutely correctly.

No adverb with the following verbs

forms of to be: seem

am, is, are, was, were, will be, have been, had been get turn grow sound

look (aussehen)

feel

taste

become

smell

An adjective describes a noun, for example "big, large, interesting, natural, good". An adverb describes a... verb, so how the action is made, for example "slowly, well, gently, naturally". I really (adverb) love (verb) red (adjective) cars (noun).

Kinds of Adverbs

Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs of Manner tell us the manner or way in which something happens. They answer the question "how?". Adverbs of Manner mainly modify verbs.

He speaks slowly. (How does he speak?) They helped us cheerfully. (How did they help us?) James Bond drives his cars fast. (How does James Bond drive his cars?)

Adverbs of Place
Adverbs of Place tell us the place where something happens. They answer the question "where?". Adverbs of Place mainly modify verbs.

Please sit here. (Where should I sit?) They looked everywhere. (Where did they look?) Two cars were parked outside. (Where were two cars parked?)

Adverbs of Time
Adverbs of Time tell us something about the time that something happens. Adverbs of Time mainly modify verbs. They can answer the question "when?":

He came yesterday. (When did he come?) I want it now. (When do I want it?)

Or they can answer the question "how often?":

They deliver the newspaper daily. (How often do they deliver the newspaper?) We sometimes watch a movie. (How often do we watch a movie?)

Adverbs of Degree
Adverbs of Degree tell us the degree or extent to which something happens. They answer the question "how much?" or "to what degree?". Adverbs of Degree can modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.

She entirely agrees with him. (How much does she agree with him?) Mary is very beautiful. (To what degree is Mary beautiful? How beautiful is Mary?)

He drove quite dangerously. (To what degree did he drive dangerously? How dangerously did he drive?)

Adverbs of Certainity Adverbs of certainty express how certain or sure we feel about an action or event.

Common adverbs of certainty: certainly, definitely, probably, undoubtedly, surely 1. Adverbs of certainty go before the main verb but after the verb 'to be':

He definitely left the house this morning. He is probably in the park. 2. With other auxiliary verb, these adverbs go between the auxiliary and the main verb:

He has certainly forgotten the meeting. He will probably remember tomorrow. 3. Sometimes these adverbs can be placed at the beginning of the sentence:

Undoubtedly, Winston Churchill was a great politician. BE CAREFUL! with surely. When it is placed at the beginning of the sentence, it means the speaker thinks something is true, but is looking for confirmation:

Surely you've got a bicycle?

RELATIVE ADVERBS Rule The following adverbs can be used to join sentences or clauses. They replace the more formal structure of preposition + which in a relative clause: where, when, why Examples:

That's the restaurant where we met for the first time. (where = at/in which) I remember the day when we first met. (when = on which) There was a very hot summer the year when he was born. (when = in which) Tell me (the reason) why you were late home. (why = for which, but could replace the whole phrase 'the reason for which')

VIEWPOINT AND COMMENTING ADVERBS There are some adverbs and adverbial expressions which tell us about the speaker's viewpoint or opinion about an action, or make some comment on the action. Viewpoint Frankly, I think he is a liar. (= this is my frank, honest opinion) Theoretically, you should pay a fine. (= from a theoretical point of view but there may be another way of looking at the situation)

These adverbs are placed at the beginning of the sentence and are separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma. Some common Viewpoint adverbs: honestly, seriously, confidentially, personally, surprisingly, ideally, economically, officially, obviously, clearly, surely, undoubtedly. Examples

Personally, I'd rather go by train. Surprisingly, this car is cheaper than the smaller model. Geographically, Britain is rather cut off from the rest of Europe. Commenting These are very similar to viewpoint adverbs, and often the same words, but they go in a different position - after the verb to be and before the main verb. Examples

She is certainly the best person for the job. You obviously enjoyed your meal. Some common Commenting adverbs: definitely, certainly, obviously, simply. INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS These are: why, where, how, when They are usually placed at the beginning of a question. Examples

Why are you so late? Where is my passport? How are you? How much is that coat? When does the train arrive? Notice that how can be used in four different ways: 1. meaning 'in what way?':

How did you make this sauce? How do you start the car? 2. with adjectives:

How tall are you? How old is your house? 3. with much and many:

How much are these tomatoes? How many people are coming to the party? 4. with other adverbs:

How quickly can you read this? How often do you go to London? Adverbs can generally be identified by their:

1) Function (how, when, where) 2) Form 3) Position 1. Function an adverb modifies other verbs(verbs are in bold/adverbs are in italics) The thief acts stupidly. (answers the question:how?) The thief never shoots, because he has no gun.(answers the question: when?) The thief robs locally. (answers the question:where?) -an adverb modifies other adjectives (adjectives are in bold/adverbs are in italics) The thief is extremely stupid. This very dumb thief is now in jail. -an adverb modifies other adverbs (adverbs in italics) The thief walks incredibly clumsily. The thief acts really stupidly. Adverbs also have other functions. You may see them modify a prepositional phrase: The thief was arrested just outside the apartment. You may find an adverb modifying an entire sentence: Certainly,the thief chose the wrong profession. 2. Form -Many adverbs are recognized by form. Many are formed from adjectives by adding 'ly: slowly,carefully, likely, eagerly -But don't be fooled. Not all words ending in 'ly' are adverbs: friendly, ugly, homely -Some adverbs are not easily recognized by form: some, very,well, often, never 3. Position -You will find adverbs occupying multiple positions within a sentence: Now,get in the police car. (front) The thief was immediately arrested. (before the verb) The thief sat nervously after being arrested. (after the verb) After the botched robbery, the thief decided to give up crime completely. (end)

SAMPLE PAPER OF ADVERDS.

1. The young student gladly followed the instructions of his teacher. GLADLY 2. The lifeguard noticed that the little girl was almost in the water. ALMOST 3. The ugly portrait had been frantically painted by a frantic student. FRANTICALLY 4. The very pale plant wasn't getting sunlight. VERY 5. The basketball player rather easily scored the first three points of the game. RATHER EASILY 6. Ideally, the tourists will all make the choice to see Big Ben. IDEALLY 7. The teacher fulfilled her assignment admirably. ADMIRELY 8. The young child hardly ever does what he is told. HARDLY EVER 9. Would you rather go to Scotland or to Ireland? RATHER 10. He fulfilled his assignment instinctively. INSTINCTIVELY 11. His younger sister sat at the hockey game, behind the glass, just off center ice. JUST 12. The homely, little puppy quickly ate his doggy biscuit. QUICKLY 13. Although he failed his calculus test, he had really hoped for a better score. REALLY 14. The war hero is a never forgotten figure in the nation's history. NEVER 15. The younger of the two brothers patiently waited for the arrival of the bus. PATIENTLY 16. Now, here's the rest of the story. NOW 17. Rather few men qualified for acceptance, based on their poor eyesight. RATHER 18. The dancer always gets good marks in competition. ALWAYS 19. Choosing not to pay the high tuition of Harvard University, the student elected to study locally. LOCALLY 20. Adverbs are often misunderstood, while easily learned with minimal effort. OFTEN, EASILY

Adverbs of Manner List Alphabetical list of common single-word manner adverbs

Adverbs of manner form the largest group of adverbs. We make most of them simply by adding -ly to their corresponding adjective. This is an alphabetical list of 130 common single-word adverbs of manner. Adverbs of manner that do not end in -ly are shown in bold.

Adverbs of Place List

accidentally angrily anxiously awkwardly badly beautifully blindly boldly bravely brightly busily calmly carefully carelessly cautiously cheerfully clearly closely correctly courageously cruelly daringly deliberately doubtfully

eagerly easily elegantly enormously enthusiastically equally eventually exactly faithfully fast fatally fiercely fondly foolishly fortunately frankly frantically generously gently gladly gracefully greedily happily hard

hastily healthily honestly hungrily hurriedly inadequately ingeniously innocently inquisitively irritably joyously justly kindly lazily loosely loudly madly mortally mysteriously neatly nervously noisily obediently openly

painfully patiently perfectly politely poorly powerfully promptly punctually quickly quietly rapidly rarely really recklessly regularly reluctantly repeatedly rightfully roughly rudely sadly safely selfishly sensibly

seriously sharply shyly silently sleepily slowly smoothly so softly solemnly speedily stealthily sternly straight stupidly successfully suddenly suspiciously swiftly tenderly tensely thoughtfully tightly truthfully

unexpectedly victoriously violently vivaciously warmly weakly wearily well wildly wisely

Alphabetical list of common single-word place adverbs

about above abroad anywhere away back backwards (also backward) behind below down downstairs east (etc) elsewhere far here in indoors inside near nearby off on out outside over there towards under up upstairs where

Common suffixes

-wards or -ward (backwards, downwards, eastward, forwards, homewards, upwards) -where (anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere)

Adverbs of Time List List of common single-word time adverbs

points of time (definite):

frequency (definite):

frequency (indefinite):

relationships in time (indefinite):

now then today tomorrow tonight yesterday

annually daily fortnightly hourly monthly nightly quarterly weekly yearly

The word "bimonthly" is ambiguous and best avoided. Bimonthly can mean "twice a month"or "every two months". The same is true of "biyearly"/"biannually".

always constantly ever frequently generally infrequently never normally occasionally often rarely regularly seldom sometimes regularly usually

already before early earlier eventually finally first formerly just last late later lately next previously recently since soon still yet

Adverbs of Degree List Alphabetical list of common single-word degree adverbs

almost absolutely awfully* badly* barely completely decidedly deeply enough enormously entirely extremely fairly far fully greatly hardly highly how incredibly indeed intensely just least less little lots most much nearly perfectly positively practically pretty* purely quite rather really scarcely simply so somewhat strongly terribly* thoroughly too totally utterly very virtually well

*informal