REGULATIONS

FOR THE

ORDER

and

DISCIPLINE

TROOPS
OF THE

OF THE

UNITED
TO WHICH
IS

STATES.
ADDFD,

An

APPEND
CONTAINING THE
illuftrated

X,

UNITED STATES' MILITIA ACT,

Pafled in Congrefs,

May, 1792.
by eight Copperplates,

new

EDITION,
by

accurately engraved.

BARON

de S

T U

JLi.

E N,
Arm} of the

La'.e

Major General and

Jnfpeclor General

of

the

United States.

=r
printed at e^eter,
by

HENRT RANLET,
Fault's Statue,

for

THOMAS

& ANDREWS,

No. 46, Newbury-Strcet, Boflon.

MDCCXC1V.

In

CONGRESS,

igth March, 1779.

CONGRESS judging

it of the great eft importance to prefcribe fome invariable rules for tht Order and Difcipline of the Troops, efpecially for the

purpofe of introducing an uniformity An their formation and manoeuvres, and in the fervice of the camp :

Ordered,

ferved by

all the troops of the United States,

That the following Regulations be ob~ and

that all general

and other Officers caufe the fame to be executed with all poffible exaclnefs.
By Order,

JOHN JAT,
Aiteft,

Prefident.

Charles Thompson,

Sefry.

Extra ft of an
JettJ.

AB for the Regulating and Governing

Commonwealth of Majfachu'

the Militia of the

Pajfed June 11,

93.

^JlND

be

it

further

enakd by

the au-

thority afore fa id, That the rules of difcipline approved and efiabli/Jjed by Congrefs, in the.refolutions of the twenty -ninth day of March, one thcufand fe-

ven hundred and J evenly -nine, fhall be the rules and regulations of difcipline, to be obferved by the Mili-

Commonwealth except fuch deviations from faid rules, as may be neceffary by the requifitia of this
;

tions of this ail, or

fome other unavoidable circum-

Jlances

and every

Officer receiving a commijfton in

the Militia, Jhall immediately provide himfelf with

b.

ok containing thofe rules."

REGULATIONS,
CHA
commiffioned throughout.

&>c.

P.

I.

-Of Jke^Arms and Accoutrements tf the- Offictrs, Non-commiffioned Officers] and Soldiers.

THE
The

arms and accoutrements of the officers, nonofficers, and foldiev&yfhould be uniform

officers

who

exercife their

fun&ions on horfeback,

armed with fWords, the platoon -officers with fwords and efpontoons, the non-commiffioned officers wifn fwords, firelocks, and bayonets, and the foldiers with firelocks and bayonets.
are to be

CHA P.
Objects with

IJ.

which

the Officers

and Non-commiffion-

ed Officers Jhould be acquainted.

E officers and non-commiffioned officers of each regiment, are to be perfectly acquainted with the manual exercife, marchings and firings, that they may be able to inftrucl their foldiers when jieceflary ; they mull alfo be acquainted with die drefs, difcipline, and police of the troops, and with every thing that relates to the fervice. The commanding officer of,each regiment is to be anfwerable for the general inftru<fHon of the regiment, and is to exercife, or caufe to be exercifed, the officers, non-commiffioned officers, and foldiers, whenever he thinks proper.
k

TH

CHAP.
Of the
(Plate
I.

III.

Formation of a Company.
Figure
in
i.)

ranks fized, with the fhorteft company thus drawn up is to be divided into two fections or platoons ; the captain to take poft on the right of the firft platoon, covered by a ferjeant : the lieutenant on the right of the fecond platoon, alfo covered by a ferjeant ;the enfign four paces behind the centre of the company ; the firft ferjeant two paces behind the centre of the firft platoon, and the eldeft corporal two paces behind the fecond platoon ; the other two corporals are to be on the flanks of the front rank.

COMPANY

is

to

be formed

two ranks,

at

one pace

diftance, with the tailed

men in the rear, and both men of each in the centre.

""

"
'

'

ii

Mill

CH
Of the
(Plate
I.

P.

IV.
and

Formation of a Regiment.
Figure
confift
t.

3.)

to

REGIMENT is to

of eightcompanies, which

are to be polled in the following order,

Firft captain's* Colonel's.

from right

left,

Fourth Third

captain's.

Major's.
captain's.

Lieutenant colonel's.
Fifth captain's.

Second captain's. For the greater facility in manoeuvring, each regiment confuting of more than one hundred and fixty files, is to be formed in two battalions, (fig. 2.) with an interval of twenty paces between them, and one colour poftcd in the
centre of each battalion ; the colonel fifteen paces before the centre of the firft battalion ; the lieutenant-colonel fifteen paces before the centre of the fecond battalion ; the major fifteen paces behind the interval of the two battalions
;

the adjutant

two paces from the major

the

drum

and
alion

fife-major
;

two paces behind the centre of the

behind the fecond

firft

batt-

their places

fupplied by a drum and fife ; and the fifes equally divided on the wings of each battalion.

battalion being other drums and

When
files, it is

a regiment
to be

is

formed

in

reduced to one hundred and fixty one battalion, with both colours

in the centre

the colonel fixteen paces before the col; the lieutenant colonel eight paces behind the colthe major fifteen paces behind the centre of the batt; alion, having the adjutant at his fide ; the drum and fife major two paces behind the centre of the battalion and ; the drums and, fifes equally divided on the wings.

ours onel

battalion, whether it compete the whole, or only half of a regiment, is to be divided into four divifions and eight platoons ; no platoon to confift of lefs than ten files ; fo that a regiment confiding of lefs than eighty files, cannot form a battalion, but muft be incorporated with fome other, or employed on detachment. In cafe of the abfence of any field officer, his place is to be filled by the officer next in rank in the regiment and in order that the officers may remain with their refpe&ive companies, if any company officer is abfent, his place mall be fupplied by. the officer next in rank in the fame company ; but mould it happen that a company is left
;

Every

without the colonel or commanding officer may order of another company to take the command, as well for the exercife as for the difcipline and police of the

an an

officer,

officer

company

in

camp.

not interfere with the exercife of the battalion, but exercife itfelf ; and when the light infantry are embodied, every four companies will form a battalion, and exercife in the

company is with the regiment it muft be formed twenty paces on the right,on the parade, but muft
the light

When

by

fame manner

as the battalion in the line.

CHAP,
Of
the InJlruHion
officer

V.

company is charged with the inftruclion of his recruits and as that is a ferv.ee that requires not only experience, but a patience and temper not me; with in every officer, b* is to make
;

THE commanding

of Recruits.

of each

->

choice of an officer, ferjant, and one or two corporals of company, who, being approved of by the colonel, are to attend particularly to that bufinefs ; but in cafe of the arrival of a great number of recruits, every officer without diftinclion is to be employed on thatfervice.
his

The commanding officer of each regiment will fix on fome place for the exercife of his recruits, where himfelf or fome field-officer muft aitend, to overlook their inftruction.

The recruits rnuft be taken fmgly, and firft taught to put on their accoutrements, and carry themfelves properly.

The Pojition of a Soldier

-without
his legs,

Arms,

with the head turned to the right fo far as to bring the left eye over the waiftcoat buttons the heels two inches apart the toes turned cut the belly drawn in a little, but without conftraint fhe breaft a little projected; the moulders fquareto the front, and kept back ; and the hands hanging down :he_fuks, with the palms clofe to the thighs.
ft rait
; ; ; ;

He is

to ftand

and firm upon

Attention

muft be filent, ftand firm and moving neither hand nor foot, (except as ordered) but attend carefully to the words of command. This attention of the foldier muft be obferved in the ftrideft manner, till he receives the word
this

At

word the

foldier

fteady,

Reft!

At which
or feet
lefs
;

he

may

refrefh himfelf,
fit

by moving

his

hands

but muft not then permitted fo to do.

down
!

or quit his place, un-

Attention

To

the

LeftDrefs

At

this

word

the foldier turns his head brifkly to the left

fo as to bring his right eye in the direction

of his waiftcoat

buttons.

To
The The
recruit

the

Right

Drefs

foldier drefTes again to the right as before. ;

muft then be taught

The Facings.

To
I ft.

the

Right

Face

Two

motions.

2d.

on both heels to the right, lifting up the toes a little, and defcribing the quarter of a circle. Ering back the right foot to its proper pofition, without
brifkly

Turn

(lamping.

To
ift.

the Left,

Face
to

Two

motions.

Turn

to the left as before to the right.

2d. Bring

up the right toot

To
I ft.

the

Right about,

Face

its

proper pofition.
!

Three motions.

2d. 3d.

Step back with the right foot, bringing the buckle oppofite the left heel, at the fame time feizing the cartridge-box with the right hand. Turn brifkly on both heels, and defcribe half a circle.

Bring back the right

the cartridge-box.

foot, at the

fame time quitting

foregoing

When

the recruit

is

fufficicntly expert in the

points, he

muft be taught the

different fteps.

The common Step

Is

two

feet,

and about

feventy-five in a minute.

To
The
free, eafy

the

Front, March

and marches a and natural ftep, without altering the pofition of his body or head, taking care to preferve a proper balance, and not crofs his legs, but to march without conftraint The officer muft march fometimes in every fort of ground in his front and fometimes at his fide, in order to join example to precept. Halt At this word the foldier flops fhort, on the foot then ad;
t

foldier fteps off with his left foot,

vanced, immediately (lamping.

Is alfo

bringing

up

the

other, without

The Quick Step

but about one hundred and twenty in a minute,and is performed onjthe fame principle as the other. The recruits having been exercifed fingly, till they have a proper carriage, and are well grounded in the different
feet,

two

R 8
fteps
;

them

in

the officer will then take three men, and placfxr one rank, exercife them in the different fteps, and

teach them

The March by
;

Files,

Which, being of great importance, muft be carefully attended to obferving that the foldier carries his body more forward than in the front march, and that he doe-s not increafe the diftance from his file-leader.

The Oblique Step

Muft then be
time.
pradlifed,

both in the quick and

common

In marching obliquely to the right, the foldier fteps obliquely with the right foot, bringing up the left, and placing the heel direclly before the toes of the right foot, and the contrary when marching to the left ; at the fame time obferving to keep the fhoutders fquare to the front,
efpecially that the fhoulder to does not projecl,

and

thai the

oppofed to the fide they march files keep clofe.

be again

The recruits being thus far inftrutfed, mull taken feparately, and taught

The Pojition of a Soldier under Arms.

the foldier is to ftand ftralght and firm. tipon his legs, with the heels two inches apart, the toes a little turned out, the belly drawn in a little without conftraint, the breaft a little projected, the moulders fquare to the front and kept back.the right hand hanging down the fide, with the palm clofe to the thigh, the left elbow not turned out from the body, the firelock carried on the left fhouJder, at filth height that the guard will be juft

In

this pofition

under

the

the fore-finger and thumb before the fwell of the butt, the three laft fingers under the butt, the flat of the butt againft the hip bone, and pre/Ted fo as that the firelock may be felt againft the left fide, and ftand before the hollow of the ftioulder, neither leaning towards the

left breaft,

head

nor from it, the barrel almoft perpendicular. When exercifing, he is to be very exacl in counting a fecond o time between each motion.

^MANUAL
I.

EXERCISE,
Two
motions.

Poife
I ft.

Firelock

the firelock brifkly, bringingthe lock to the front, at the fame inftant feize it with the right hand j uft below the lock, keeping the piece perpendicular.

With your left hand turn

3d.

With a quick motion bring up

the firelock from the fhoulder direclly before the face and feize it with the left hand juft above the lock, fo that the little finger may reft upon the feather fpring, and the thumb lie on the ftock ; tke left hand muft be of an equal height with the eyes.

Cock
ift.

II.

Firelock

Two motions.

Turn the barrel thumb upon the

motion.

oppofite to your face, and place your cock, railing the elbow fquare at this

ad.

Cock the

firelock

mediately placing your

and

the fingers

by drawing down your elbow, imthumb upon the breech-pinV under the guard.

Take Aim f
Step back about
fix

One

motion.

inches with the right foot, bringing the left toe to the front ; at the fame time drop the muzzle, and bring up the butt-end of the firelock againft your right fhoulder ; place the left hand forward on the fwell of the ftock, and the fore-finger of the right hand before the trigger ; finking the muzzle a little below a level, and with; the right eye looking along the barrel.

IV.
Fire
!

One

motion.

Pull the trigger brifkly, and immediately after bringing up the right foot, come to the priming pofition, placing the heels even, with the right toe pointing to the right, the lock oppofite the right breaft, the muzzle dire&ly to the

to
and as high as the hat, the left hand jufl forward of the feather-fpring, holding the piece firm and fteady ; and at the fame time feize the cock with the fore-finger and thumb of the right hand, the back of the hand turned up.
front

V. Hatf-Cock Firelock
Half bend the cock
the butt of the firelock.

One

brifkiy, bringing

motion. down the elbow

to

VI.
Handle

Cartridge

One

motion.

Bring your right hand fhort round to^ your .pouch, flapping it hard, fti&e the cartridge, and bring .it with a quick- motion to your mouth, bite the top off down to the powder, covering it inftantly with your thumb, and bring, the hand as low as the chin, with the elbow down.

VII.

Prime! One motion.

Shake
tile

powder

into the pan,

and covering tbe

car-

tridge again, place the three laft fingers behind the-

ham-

mer, with the elbow up.

VIII.
Shut Pan t Two motions.
lft.

Shut your pan brifkiy, bringing down the elbow to the butt of the firelock, holding the cartridge faft in
your hand.

ad.

Turn

the piece nimbly round before

pofition, with the lock to the front,

at the height of the chin, under the muzzle ; both feet being kept fail in this

you to the loading and the muzzle bringing the right hand up

motion.

IX.
lft.

Charge with Cartridge ! Two motions. Turn up your hand and put the cartridge into

the

muzzle, fhaking the powder into the barrel. d. Turning the flock a little towards you, place your right hand clofed, with a quick and ftrong motion, upon the butt of the rammer, the thumb upwards, and the elbow down.

11

Draw
ift.

Rammer

X.
!

Two

motions.

Draw your rammer

feizing
it

2cL

Draw

it

with a quick motion half out, muzzle back-handed. quite out, turn it, and enter it into the muzzle.
inftantly at the

Ram

down

Cartridge

XL

One

motion.

Ram the cartridge well down the barrel, and inftantly recovering and feizing the rammer back-handed by the middle, draw it quite out, turn it, and enter it as far as the lower pipe, placing at the fame time the edge of the hand on the butt-end of the rammer, with the finger extended.
Return Ravimer

XII.
!

One

motion.

Thrufltlie rammer home, and inftantly bring up die piece with the left hand to the flioulder, feizing it at the fame time with the right hand under the cock, keeping the
left

hand

at the fwell,

and turning the body

fquar-e to the

front.

XIII.
Shoulder'
ijft.

Firelock

Two

motions.
it

Bring
butt.

down

the left hand, placing

ftrong

upon

,the

2d.

With a quick motion bring

your
fide.

the right

hand down by

Order
j

XIV.
Firelock
!

Two motions.

ft.

2d.

Sink the firelock with the left hand as low as poffible, without conftraint, and at the fame time bringing up the right hand, feize the firelock at the left lhoulder. Quit the firelock with the left hand, and with the right bring it down the right fide, the butt on the ground, even with the toes of the right foot, the thumb of the right hand lying along the barrel, and the muzzle being kept at a little diftance from the body.

12

Ground
ift.

XV.
Firelock
!

Two motions.

the firelock, bringing the With lock to the rear, and inftantly ftepping forward with the left foot a large pace, lay the piece on the ground,
the right

hand turn

the barrel in a direct line from front to rear, placing the left hand on the knee, to fupport the body, the head held up, the right hand and left heel in a line, 2d.

and the right knee brought almoft to the ground. Quitting the firelock, raife yourfelf up, and bring back the left foot to its former portion.

Take up
i ft.

XVL
Firelock
!

Two

motions.
fink the
firft

Step forward with the

left foot,

come
2d.

to the petition defcribed in the

body, and motion of

grounding.

with the

up yourfelf and firelock, ftepping back again left foot, and as foon as the piece is perpendicular, turn the barrel behind, thus coming to
Raife

the order.

XVII.
Shoulder
ift.

Firelock

Two

motions.
throwing
it

Bring the
a
little,

firelock to the left fhoulder,

it

up

"and catching

below the

tail-pipe,

and

inftant-

lv feize

2d.

it with the left hand at the butt. With a quick motion bring the right hand down by

your

fide.

XVIII.
I ft.

Firelock ! Three motions. Secure Bring up the right hand brilkly, and place

it

under

2d.

3<J,

the cock. Quit the butt with the left hand, and feize the firelock at the fwell, bringing the arm dole down upon the lock, the right hand being kept'faft in this motion, and the piece upright. Quitting the piece with your i ight hand, bi ing it dc wn

by your

fide, at

the fame time with your

left

hand

*3
throw the muzzle direiffly forward, bringing it within about one foot of the ground, and the butt clofe

up behind
a
line

with the waift

the left fhoulder, holding the left hand in belt, and with that arm covering

the lock.

ift.

Three motions, ! up to the (houlder, feizing it witk the right hand under the xock. 2d. Bring the left hand down ftrong upon the butt3d. Bring the right hand down by your fide.
Firelock

Shoulder

XIX.

Bring the

firelock

XX.
1 ft

! Three motions. and 2d motion the fame as the two ftrft motions of the

Fix' Bayonet

fecure.

3d.

Quitting the piece with your right hand, fink it with your left down the left fide, as far as may be without. conftrarnt, at the fame time feize the bayonet with the. right hand, draw and fix it, immediately flipping the liand down to the flock, and prefling in the piece to the hollow of the fhoulder.

1 ft.

Firelock ! Three motions. Quitting the piece with the right hand, with the left bring it up to the fhoulder, and feize it again with the right hand under the cock, as in the fecond motion

Shoulder

XXI.

of the
2d.
36*.

fecure.

Bring the left hand down ftrong vrron the butt. Bring the right hand down by your fide.

1 ft

Prefent and 2d motion the fame

Arms

XXII.
!

Three motions.
coming
to the poife

as in

3d.

Step briikly back with your right foot, placing it a hand's breadth diftant from your left heel, at the fame time bring down the firelock as quick as poflible to the reft, finking it as fir down before your left knee as your right hand will permit without conftraint, holding the right hand under the guard, with the fingers

14
extended, and drawing in the piece with the left hand motion till the barrel is perpendicular; during this you quit the piece with the left hand, and inftantly leize it again juft below the tail-pipe.

XXIII.
ift.

Lift

Firelock / Two motions. Shoulder up your right foot and place it by your

left,

at

the fame time bring the firelock to your left moulder, and feize ehe buttend with the left hand, coming to the pofition of the firft motion of the fecure. 2d.

Bring the tight hand down by your

fide.

Charge
i.
2d.

XXIV. Bayonet ! Two

motions.

The fame

as the firft motion of the feenre. Bring the butt of the firelock under the right arm,

letting the piece fall down ftrong on the palm of the left hand, which receives it at the fwell, the muzzle

pointing directly to the front, the buttprsfled with the arm againft the fide ; the front rank holding their pieces horizontally, and the rear rank the muzzles of theirs fo high as to clear the heads of the front rank, both ranks keeping their feet faft.

Shoulder
i ft.

XXV.
Firelock
!

Two

motions.

Bring up the piece fmartly to a flioulder, feizing the butt with the left hand. 2d. Bring the right hand down by your fide.

XXVI.
Advance
i ft

Arms
as the

Four motions.

and 2d the fame

3d.

firft motions of the poife. Bring the firelock down to the right fide, with the right hand as low as it will admit without constraint, flipping up the left hand at the &me time to -the fwell, and inftantly fhifting the pofition of the right hand, take the guard between the thumb and forefinger, and bring die three laft fingers under the cock, with the

two

barrel to die rear.

*5
4th. Quit the firelock with the
left

by your

fide.

hand, bringing a 6

it

down

XXVII,
Shoulder Firelock
lit.

Bring up the
1

Four motions
feize the firelock at the

left

hand, and

yI]lifCi;igthe

potion!

t0 itS

f0

Comefmartly uptoapdife; 3<b and 4th. Shoulder.

2d.

Explanation of Priming and Loading, as performed in the Firings.

.

i it.

throwing up your firelock with hand d '^Iy the 1 ft l^ barrellmwards befo" * at that moh itWUhthe ri ht hand below the lock, and S i ^vbng.nguptheleMand, with a rapid motion,re, z t he piece clofe above the lock, the little fe.

JPrmeand Load ! Fifteen motions. Come

to tne recover,

ESfiSSF l;^ **

""

'

'

X?

frdpck
.

be a, an equal height with the

clofe to the left breaft, but notpreffed, barrel perpendicular.

Vanl? .^V^^-rprmgj >M ^

the

left

hand to hutrof tb .
and he
-

^.

SMS? fra*^ \
eC tf?
a
of^thlcol

aTahftth,f

Bring the firelock dovm with a bride motion to 'th<as direc d Inthe -* word of ; y thumb f the right hand
f th
tur
fteel thefi *gers clenched /out that the
> '

wria

y ** *

and the

^'
4th.

Se

motio^nf ,^ "/,
left

throwIn

tbe ? !>4<*

hand

"H

Handle cartridge.

with a O.ong

*' rel Ck

5 th. Prime. oth. Shutpa*n. .7th. Caft about.

8fb\
i

oth.

mh.

and 9th. Load. and 1 1 th. Draw rammer,

,

P.ara

down

cartridge.

13 th. Return rammer. 14th. and f5th, Shoulder.

i6
N. B. The motion of recover, coming down to the priming fofition, and opening the pan, to be done in the ufual time, the motions of handling the cartridge to Shutting the pan,to be done as quick as poffible when the pans are (hut, make a fmall paufe,.and call about together then the loading and mouldering motions are to be done as quick as pof; ;

fible.

Pojition of each

Rank

in the Firings.
/

Front

Rank

Make

ready

One

motion.

a recover, as foon as the left hand feizes the firelock above the lock, the right elbow is to be nimbly raifed a little, placing the thumb of that hand upon the cock, the fingers open by the plate of the lock, and as quick as poffible cock the piece, by dropping the elbow, and forcing down the cock with the thumb, immediately feizing the firelock with the right hand,clofe under the lock the piece to be held in this manner perpendicular, oppofite the left fide of the face, the body kept ftraight, and as full to the front as pofiible, and the head held upjlooking well te
briflcly to

Spring the firelock

the right.

Take Aim

Fire!'

As before explained. Rear rank Make

! ready ! One motion. Recover and cock as before directed, at the fame time

ftepping about fix inches to the right, fo as to place yourfelf oppofite the interval of the front rank.

Take Aim

Fire

As before explained.
The recruits being thus far inftrucred, the officer muft take twelve men, and placing them in one rank, teach them to drefs to the right and left ; to do which the foldier muft obferve to feel the man on that fide he dreffes to, without crowding him, and to advance or retire, till he can juft difcover the breaft of the fecond man from him, taking care not to ftoop, but to keep his head and body upright.

When

they can drefs pretty well, they muft be taught

; !

te

wheel, as follows

At this word

To the Right,- Wheel of command the men turn

hand man.

theirheads bri/k-

ly to the left, except the left

Fig.

WrSC

17

March
The whole
to, without

hand they wheel the right hand man, ferving as a pivot for the reft to turn on, gains no ground, but turns on his heels ; the officer will march on the flank, and when the
ftep off, obferving to-feel the
;

crowding

wheeling

is

finifhed,

command, Haiti

On which the whole ftop fhort on the foot then forward, bringing up the other foot, and dreffing to the right.
The whole
hand man,

To the Left Wheel ! continue to look to the right, except the right who looks to the left.

March
As
ftep,

before explained.

N. B. The wheelings mud firft be taught in the common and then practifed in the quick ftep. When the recruits have praclifed the foregoing exercifes, till they are fufficiently expert, they muft be fent to exercife with their company.

CHAP.
Article

VI.

The Exercife of a Company,

I.

Of opening
Rear Rank
!

the

Ranks.
!

Take Dijiance
!

rear rank fteps back four paces, and dreffes by the right; the officers at the fame time advancing eight paces to the front, and dreffing in a line ; the ferjeants who covered the officers, take their places in the front rank ;

THE

March

the non-commiffioned officers who were in the rear, remain there, ftepping back four paces behind the rear rank.

Rear Rank ! Clofe to the Front The officers face to the company..

March
The rear
feet
j

rank clofes to within a

common
former

pace, or two

and the

officers rtturn to their

pofts.

B i

i8

Article
Of the
The

II.

Firings.

captain will divide his<company into two or more fa&ionc, and teach thorn the fire by platoons, as directed ' in chap. mi. art. 1,2.

The

officers

muft give the words of

;

command

with a

.loud aad (diftinct voice

obferve that the foldfers ftep off, and place theirfeet, as dirddled 'in the manual exercife'; and that they level their pieces at a proper height ; for which purpofe they muft be accuftomed always to take
fight at

fame object. Officer will afcen to accuftom the fold ier not to

The

command, As you werel

fire till

he receives the word

of command.

Jn alliexercifes m Hetail the men will xife a piece of wood, inftead of a flint:: and< each foldier fhould have fix pieces of wood, in the form of cartridges, which thefer-jeant muft fee taken out of the pieces when the exercife is finifhed. When the company exercifes with powder, The -epta44^U14nfpect-the company, and fee that -all -the cartridges notufed are returned."

AR
In marching
to thefront,

-ICLE III.

Of the March.
drefs to the centre,

cifmg in battalion ; placed fix-paces in front of the centre, who will take forne object in front to fefve as a 'direction for him to march ftraight forward and the men muft look inwards, and regulate their march by him.
;

the men muft be accuftomed to which they will have to do when exerand for this purpofe a ferjeant muft be

The

captain muft exercife his

company

in different forts

of ground; and when, by the'hadnefs of the ground, or any other accident, the foldier lofes his ftep, he muft immedlately'take it again from the ferjeant in the centre. The officers muft -not fnffer the'leaft inattention, but punifh CYGry man guilty of it.

The Oblique March

Muft be
praclifed both in the cruick

and common

ftep,

agreeably to the inftiucTions, already given.

The March by Files Important as difficult. In performing It, the officers muft be attentive that the foldiers bend their bodies a little forward, and do not open their files. The leading file -will be conducted. by the officer ; whg will pod himfelffor that purpofe on its left, when they march by the 'right, and the contrary when they march
Is as

by the

left.

The Coimter March.

Note. This
tions

march muft never be executed by larger porof a battalion than Platoons.

Caution.

Take Care

to

'counter

march from
!

Hfth

Right, ly

Platoons

To the Right,efface ! March ! The whole facing to the right, each platoon wheels by and when the right hand file gets files to the right about
;

on the ground where the left flood, the

officer orders,

Halt ! To the Left Face ! and the company will be formed with their front changed.

Article IV.
Of
The
Wheeling,
captain will exercife his company in wheeling entire, and by fedtions or platoons, both in the common and quick ftep, taking care that the men in the rear\ rank incline a little to the right or left, according to .the hand they wheel to, fo as always to cover exactly their file-leaders.
v

Article V.
Of
Breaking
off,

and Forming
word,

by the chlique.Step.
into

The

captain having divided his

company
off
!

two

fee-

tions, will give the

Set! ions

Break

the ieHon on the right inclines by the oblique ftep to the left, and that on the left, following the former, inclines to'the right, till they cover each otherA when they march forward.

Upon which

'

20
Form Company
The
firft

fecVion inclines to the right, fhortening Its ftep,

and the fecond to die left, lengthening its ftep, till they are uncovered, when both march forward, and form in a line. Two or more companies may be joined to perform the company exercife, when they have been fufficiently exercifed by fingk companies, but not till then the inattention of the foldiers, and difficulty of inftru&ing them, inereafing in proportion with the numbers.
;

CHAP.

VII.

WHEN
The

Exercife of a Battalion.

a battalion parades for exercife, it is to be formed, and the officers ported, agreeably to the in*
it is

and fourth chapters. then to perform the manual exercife, and the wheelings, marches, manoeuvres and firings defcribed in this and the following chapters, or fuch of them as fhalL be ordered. N. B. When a battalion performs the firings, the fix centre-files (viz. three, on each fide the colours) are not to fire, but remain as a referve forth* colours ; and the officers of the two centre platoons are to warn them accordftruclions already given in the third

battalion being formed,

ingly.

The

battalion will wheel

by

divifions

or platoons, by

word of command from

the officer

commanding.

March
When

the battalion wheels, the platoons are conduced by the officers commanding them ; the fupemumeraries remaining in the re;s.r of their refpe<Kve platoons. [See plate I. Figure 4 and 5.] The colours take poll between the fourth and fifth
platoons*

The wheeling

finilhed,

each

officer

commanding a

platoon or divifion,

commands

Halt ! Drefs to the Right ! and pods himfelf before the centre, the ferjeant who coveted him taking his place on the right.

til

Fortudrd 9 -~March

The whole
platoon
;

ftep off,

the officer

and follow the leading divifionor who conduces the column receiving his
officer.

directions

from the commanding

When

the bat-

talion wheels to the right, the left flank

of the platoons

muft drefs in a line with each other, and they wheel to die left.

the. contrary

when

Battalion ! Halt !

By
The

Platoons

To

the

LeftWheel

March

wheeling finifhed, each officer

commanding a
!

plat

on> or divifion, orders

Halt
dreires his platoon,

Drefs

to the

Right

talion

and takes pod in the being now formed in a line.

interval, the bat-

C
Of

HA

P. VIII.
View.

the Points of

fJPlate II.

Figure i.]

THE

ufe of thefe is a mod effential part in the manoeuvres, which,' without them, cannot be executed

with facility or precifion. They are ufually fome diftant obje&s (the moft confpicuous that can be found) chofen by the commanding officer, to determine the direction of his line, which otherwife would be mere hazard. The command ng officer having determined onthe direction of his line, and his points of view B C, fends out two officers, E, to feek two intermediate points in the finds him in fame line ; the officer E advances ; when a direct line between himfelf and the point of view B, he advances, taking care to keep E always between him and the point B, which he muft do by making him fignals to

in the direct line beadvance or retire ; when E finds tween him and C, he makes him the fignal to halt, and E. they will find themfelves in the intermediate points

62

CHAPTER
Vf
the
.

IX.

Formation and Dijplaying of Columns, with the Method of changing Front.

Article
The
c'lofe

I.

Column formed on
[Plate I L

the

Ground

'by

the

Right, the Right in Front.

Figure 2.]
officer.

Caution by the commanding

Take Care

to

form Column
To

by Platoons by the Right j

.'..,

the .Right in

Front

THE
tfff>

the Right-~~Face

!
x,

whole face to the right, except the right platoon at the fame time the leading file of each platoon breaks

inTJrdeT to

march

in the rear

of

its

preceding platoon.
platoon
it,

March

I
to
its

The whole ftep off with the quick flep, each marching clofe in tfie rear of that preceding place in the column.
The.
officers

thefr leading

file

commanding_platoons, when they -perceive drefTed with that of the platoon already-

formed,

command
Halt
!

Front

Drefs
II.

end: the platoon fronts and dreffes to the right.

Article
Dfplay of a Column formed
in,

by the Right, the

Right

Front.
Figure 2.]
officer.

.[Plate II.

Caution by the commanding

Take: Care to d if play -Column to the Left ! The'ofRcers commanding platoons go to the left, in or<ler to <condu& them.

To the Left The whole face to the left,

Face

except the front platoon.

March
The
proper diftance,

platoons faced, ftep ofr,and march obliquely to their place2 in the line ; when the feconi platoon has gained its
its

officer
!

commands

Halt

Front

To

the.

Right, Dr eft

with that already formed, and takes his pofton the right: the other platoons form, in the fame
drefles his platoon

manner.

Article
The
clofe

III.
the

Column formed on
[Plate II.

Ground

by.

the Left^

the Left in Front.

Figure 3.]

This is formed jn the fame manner as the preceding column, only facing and marching to the left inftead of
of the right.

The

officers will

conduct their platoons,

and having

dreffed them, return to their polls

on the

right.

Article IV.
Difplay cf a Column formed by the Left, the Left
Front. [Plate II. Figure
3.].

ufually difplayed to the right, on the fame principles as the column formed to the right is difplayed to the left.
is

This column

Article V.
The
clofe

Column fornud on
[Plate II.

the Centre, or Fifth Platoon, the Right in Front,

Figure 4.]

Take Care

to

form Column

Caution. on the fifth Platoon, the Right in Front!

the Right and Left Face! platoon (lands fad the others face to the centre; the officers poll themfelves at the head of their platoons, and break off j and on receiving the Word,

To

The

fifth

March

24
conduct them to their pofts
in the

column

the four plat-

oons on the right forming in the front, and the three platoons on the left forming in the rear of the fifth platoon. When this column is to be formed with the left in front, the four platoons on the right form in the rear, and the three on the left form in front. In all formations and difplayings, the officers whofe platoons march by the left, fo foon as they have drefTed their platoons in the line or column, return to their pofts on the right.

Article VI.
Difplay of a Column having the Right in Front,

from

the Centre, or fifth Platoon,

[Plate II.

Figure $.]

Caution.

Take Care

io difplay

Column from

the Centre

At this caution the officer of the plaloon in front ports a ferjeant on each flank of it, who are to remain there till the platoon on which the column difplays, has taken its poft in the line, when they retire along the rear of the battalion to their platoon.

To
The
faft,

the

Right and Left

Face

four front platoons face to the right, the fifth ftanis and the fixth,ieventh and eighth face to the left.

March J four platoons of the right march to the right, the firft platoon taking care to march ftraight towards the point of view ; fo foon as the fourth platoon has unmafked
The
the
fifth,

and it cond platoon,

commands, Front Halt marches up to its port: in

its officer
!

March
the line
;

the third

and

fe-

as foon as they have respectively gained their

diftances, proceed in the fame manner; and then the firft halts and drefTes with them ; the fifth platoon in the mean

time marches to its poft between the two ferjeants ; and the three platoons of the left form by marching obliquely to their pofts in the line, as before explained.

1<$B~ZD

feg"

"1

ti4

G.

I.

0^/72

25

Article VII.
The chfe Column formed
[Plate III.
by the Right, the
to

Right in

played Front , dif

the Right.
i.]

Figure

and the nature of the ground will not permit its being difplayed to the lft, it may be difplayed to the right in the following manner :
a column
is

When

formed by the

right,

Caution.

Take Care
The two
*

to

play Column dif

to the

Right

fcrjeants are to be ported, as before,

on the

flanks of the front platoon.

To

the Right.

Face

eighth platoon (lands faft, the reft face to the right, and march, the firft platoon keeping the line ; fo foon as the eighth platoon is unmaiked, it marches forward to its poll between the two ferjeants of the firft platoon left there for that purpofe ; thefeventh platoon, having gained its diftar.ee, halts, fronts and marches up to its ground } jhe other platoons proceed in the fame manner, as explained in the
difplay

The

from the

centre.

Article
The chfe Column formed
[See Plate III.

VIII.
'

by the L'ft, the Left in Front, difplayed to the Left.

Figure 2.T

performed on the fame principles as thVdifplay of the column in thefeventh article. A column formed either by the right, left or centre, ma;/, according to the ground, or any other circumftance, be difplayed on any particular platoon on the principles beThis
is

fore explained.

Article
Arc formed by wheeling
and,
ntibcn indifpsnfahly

IX,
by platoons

Open Column*
to the right or left
5

r.c:ej}~ary,

by marching the platoons

:

by

riles, in

the following

manner

6
Caution. open Columns by ike Right
Figure 3.]

Take care

to

form
the

[Plate III.

To

Right,
fait,

Face
the
1
reft

The

right platoon (lands

off to the rear.

face to the right,

and break

March
Each platoon marches
to
its

place in the column, the officers taking care to preferve the proper diftances between their platoons. Open columns may in the fame manner be formed by the left, centre, or on any particular platoon, the officers

taking care to preferve their proper diftances. See Plate III. Figure 4.] Open columns are formed again in line, either by wheeling by platoons, or by doling column and difplaying, as explained in the articles on clofe columns. If the commanding officer chufes to clofe the open col-

umn, he

will

command
Clofe

Column

March
;

'On which the platoons march by the quick ftep, and when the com-clofe to within two paces of each other manding officer of platoons fucceffively command Halt ! Drefs to the Right .and the column is clofed. When the .commanding officer chufes to open a clofe column, he commands

Open

Column

the front platoon advances, followed by the others fucceflively, as faft as they have their diftances. The different manners of forming and difplaying col-

On which

umns being the

^attention,

bafis of all manoeuvres, require the greateft of both officers and men in the execution. The officers muft by frequent practice learn to judge of diftances with the greateft exaefnefs; as an augmentation or diminution 01 the proper diftance between the platoons, is attended with much confufion in forming a line- They muft alfo be very careful not to advance beyond the line, in forming battalion, but drefs their platoons carefully with

the points of view.

PI. IV.

Fig. I.

^sissasftias"*^"
vx

v^. FIG
ff

Co

J>tf

" Wff ""

'

^3^^

SBg^uA.L

27

Article X. Of changing the. Front of a

of a brigade muft be performed by
firft

Line.
;

The changing the front of a platoon, divifion, or even a that battalion, may be performed by a fimple 'wheeling
forming the open

column, then marching it into the direction required, and forming the line. If it be neceflary to change the front of a line confiding of more than a brigade, the fimpleft and fureft method is to form clofe columns, either by brigades or battalions, march them to the direction required, and difplay.

C H A

P.

X.

THE
officers

Of

the

March of Columns.
the inftruction of both-

march of columns is an operation fo often repeated, and of fo much confequence, that it muft be
eflfential article in

confidered as an

and men.

Article

I.

The march of an open Column. Column ! March

The whole column muft always
halt, at the

begin to march, and fame time, and only by order of the command-

ing

officer.

After the

firft

twenty paces he

fhcjuld

com-

mand
Support

Arms

When

the

men may march more

clofe.

at

their

eafe,

keeping their files ihould command

Before the column

halts,

but he

! Column I Halt ! Drcfs to the Right ! When marching in open column, the officer commanding will often form battalion, by wheeling to the right

Carry

Arms

or left, in order to fee if the officers have preserved the proper diftances between the platoons.

Article
of

II.

Columns changing the Direction ofth'.ir March. When a clofe column is obliged to change the direction
its

march, the front platoon muft not wheel round on

28
flank, but advartce in a direction more or lefs circular, according to the depth of the column, that the other platoons may follow.
its

fSee plate IV. Figure i.] open column changes the direction of its march by wheeling the front platoon, the others following in doing which, the officers commanding plotoons muft be particularly careful that their platoons wheel on the fame ground with the front platoon ; for which purpofe a ferjeant lhould be left to mark the pivot on which they are to wheel.

An

Article

III.

Pajfage of a Defile by a Column. A column on its march coming to a defile, which obliges it to diminifh its front, the officer commanding the firft
platoon

commands

Break

off

which cannot pafs, break off, face inwards, and follow their platoon by files, and as the defile narrows or widens more files will break off, or join the platoon : The fucceeding platoons proceed in the fame manner. If the defile is difficult or long, (6 foon as the front have palled and gained fufficient ground, they will halt till the whole have paffed and formed, when they will continue the march.
thofe
files
(

On which

Article IV.

Column
the

croffivg a Plain, liable to be attacked

by Cavalry.

When

commanding

officer thinks

himfelf in danger

of being attacked by cavalry, he muft clofe the column, and on their reproach, halt and face outwards the front platoon Handing faft, the rear platoon going to the right about, and the others facing outwards from their centres. In cafe of attack, the two firft ranks keep up a fmart running fire, beginning as well as ending by a fignal from
;

the drum.

muft be told, that under thefe circumftandepends wholly on their courage the cavalry being only to be dreaded when the infantry ceafe to refWl them.
foldiers
ces, their fafety
;

The

When

the

column

is

to

continue

its

march,

.the

officer

commands Column ! To the Front, Face ! March The platoons face to the front, and march.

Article V.

Column marching
!

Column

R To the I

If the column marches by the left, the officers go t the left of their refpective platoons.

^
!

by

its

Flank.
!

1 Face

March
The column marches,
drefflng
!

by the

right.
!

Column The column faces

Halt

Front

to die front.

CHAP.
OJ
the

XI.
in Line.
I.

March

Article
The March
Battalion
this
!

to the

Front.
!

AT
place.

Forward

his are to drefs by the colours. The commandant of the battalion will be ported two paces in front oi the colours, and will give the enfign an objecl to fervc as a diredion for him to march ftraight forward.

fix

The whole

caution the enfign with the colours advances paces ; the ferjeant who covered him taking

March
The
enfign

colours will be careful to march ftraight to the objeel given him by the colonel; to do which, he muft fix on fome intermediate objetf. If many battalions are in the line, the eniigns muft drefi? by the enfign in the centre if only two, they will drefs by
;

who

carries the

each other.

careful not to advance beyond the battalion they are to drefs by, it being much eaiier to advance than to fall back. Should a battalion by any caufe be hindered from adline

They muft be very

vancing in

with the

reft,

the enfign

of that battalion

30
muft drop his colours as a figtial to the other battalions (who might otherwife ftop to drefs by them)not to conform to their movements the colours to be raifed again when the battalion has auvanced to its poft in the line. The commanding officer of each battalion mull be carepreful that his men drefs and keep their riles clofe, and to and ferve the proper diftances between his own battalion is too near he that finds lie when flanks and on his thofs the one or the other, muft command
; ;
'

Obliquely r~To the <

^f

When
dered,

till

orthe battalion will march by the oblique ftep,as they have, recovered their diftance, apd receive

the

command

Forward
Upon which
the battalion will

march forward and the ento. march to gn take a new object only two or If the diftance is augmented or diminiffied
colours three paces, the com-Tianding officer will order the the battalion to incline a little, and then march forward ;

conforming

to their

movement.
will

anydefe#| have an eve over them, immediately remedying

carefully 'dreffing with the centre,

The

officers

commanding platoons

continually
ftep
'

and keeping

with
.

the colours.

'

.,

muft take care of the fecond vo-.ce, and with as rank, remedying any defeat in a low

The

officers in the rear

little noife as pofiible.

lnoulmuft not advance out of the rank the he muft not crowd his der oppofite the fide he dreffes to ;

The

foldicr

give, way to the preflure of the risht or left hand man, but wings he muft have his eyes the centre, and rcfift that of turning his head more or continually fixed on the colours, from them. diftance his lefs, in proportion to
;

Battalion
The- whole ftop Qiort on

Halt

the feet then advanced.

Drefs

to

the

Right

The men

colours drefs to the right, and .the

fall

back

into the ranks.

Article

II.

Charge with Bayonets. The line marching,the commanding officer, on approaching the enemy, commands

Of the

March

March

which the whole advance by the quick ftepi Bayonet ! Charge The line charge their bayonets, and quicken their ftep j and the officers and men the drums beat the long roll muft take care to drefs to the centre, and not crowd or open their files. Battalion / Slow Step ! The battalion fall into the flow ftep, and carry their

On

arms.

Halt

The battalion

halts

Drefs to the Right and drefles to the right.

III.
in Front of a line.

Article
When an obftacle prefents
oon, or number of files, oons, &c. commands.

Method of paffingany Obfacie

itfelf

before any divifion, platthe officer commanding the plat-

Break

off!

on which the files obftructed face outwards from their centre, and follow by files the platoons on their right and left if the platoons on the wings are obftrutfed, they will face inwards, and follow in the fame manner. In proportion as the ground permits, the files will march up to their places in front, drefs, and take ftep with the
colours.

Article IV.
Paffage of a Defile in Front, by Platoons. A battalion marching and meeting with a bridge or defile, over or through which not more than the front of a divifion can paft at a time, the commanding officer orders

Halt!
and then
to the

two platoons before

whom

the defile pre-

feats itfelf

March
on which they pafs the defile
in

one divifion.

As

fcorvas

3^
thofe two platoons hate marched, the orders

commanding
f

officer

To
The

the

Right and Left,

Face
and

platoons on the right face to the left face to the right.

left,

thofe

on the

March
They march commanding
till

they join, fronting the defile ; whsn the officer of the two platoons commands

Halt ! Front ! March ! and they pafs the defile,the reft following in the fame manner.
foon as the front divifion has pafled, it will halt ; divifions, as faft as they arrive in the rear, face outwards, and -march by files till they come to their proper places in battalion ; when the officers commanding the platoons order

As

and the other

Halt
and the platoons

Front

Drefs

drefs in line with thofe already formed.

Article V.
before which the defile prefents itfelf enter without any word of command ; the reft face inwards, and
files

If the four

Paffage of a Defile in Front, by Files. the defile will not permit more than four files to

pafs,.

follow them ; the whole marching through by files. As foon as the files which firft entered,have paffed,they halt the others, as fall as they pafs marching to their pla~
;

ces in battalion.

Article VI.
Of
their pons.

the

March

in retreat.

Battalion ! To the Right about, The whole face to the right about ; the

Face
officers

keeping

Forward,

March

The colours advance fix paces, and the whole ftep off, dreffing by them. The paffage of any obftacle in retreat, is the fame as in
the

march

to the front.

Article VII.
Paffage of a Defile in retreat, by platoons.
If it
is

at

any time neceffary

to pafs a defile in

tofae

rcar,In

33
prefence of an enemy, the line muft march as near as pofiible to the defile ; when the commanding officer orders

To

the Fronts

Face
!

From

the

Wings, By Platoons' Pafs

in the Rea,r

the

Defile

The two

platoons on the wings face outwards.

March
The two
their officers

platoons wheel by files, and march along the rear of the battalion to the entrance of the defile; where joining

command

IlattlTotkel^'XFace!
The platoon of fch* right wing faces to the left the other platoon faces to the right and both pafs in one divifion ; the other platoons following in the fame manner, except thofe of the centre.
; ;

When all have entered but die two centre platoons, "that oh the right faces to the right about, and marches twenty
when the officer commands Right about, Face f The officer of the other platuon, when he fees them faced will retire in the fame manner and having pa/Ted twenty
paces into the defile
;

Halt

To

the.

paces beyond the platoon halted in the defile, comes alfo to the rightabout; they continuing in this manner to cover each other's retreat till they have paffed, when they face to the front, and cover the defile.

The three platoons of the right wing wheel to the left thofe of the left wing wheel to the right, and having gained
their

commading officer orders Halt / Platoons To the Right and Left, Wheel! March ! The r'f^ht wing wheels to the left, and the left to the
;

proper diftances, the

right

which forms the battalion.

fhould prefent itfelf behind any other part of the battalion, the platoons fartheft off muft always retreat firft and if the defile becomes narrower than at the entrance, the platoons muft double behind each other.
;

If the defile

Article VIII.
Pajfage of a Defile in Retreat, ly Files. This manoeuvre is performed in the fame manner
as the

34
preceding, except that, inftead of forming at the entrance-, the platoons pafs by files ; and having paffed, face to the right and left, march till they have their proper diftances, and then wheel and form battalion. The paffage of defiles may be executed at firfl in common ftep, for the inftru&ion of the troops, in fcrvice, always in the quick ftep. The paffage of defiles being difficult in prefence of an enemy, the officers muft be particularly careful to keep the files clofed ; to be quick in giving the words of command ; and not lofe any time in the executior.. This manoeuvre flvould always be covered by troops pofted on each fide the defile, and on every advantageous piece of ground that prefents itfelf, to annoy and keep back the enemy.

Article IX.
Method of pajfing the front Line to the Rear. The firft line being obliged to retreat, will face to the
right about,

and

retire in line.

not already formed in columns, will immediately,on perceiving the firft line retire,forrn in that order by brigades or battalions and the firft line having paffed the intervals between the columns, the fecond line
line, if
;

The fecond

in

or, if too clofely preffed by the enemy, attack columns the flanks of the battalions which purfue,therebygiving timeforthe firftlineto form andtake anew pofition.

will difplay

CHAP.
Cf the Difpoftion

XII.
to the

of the Field-pieces, attached

Brigades.

THE

field-pieces attached

to

the different brigades

their

muft always remain with them, encamping on

right, unlefs the quarter-mafter general, thinks proper to

place them on any advantageous piece of ground in front. When the ar,my marches by the right, the field -piece mu>ft march at the head of their refpe&ive brigades ; when it marches by the left, they follow in the rear, unlefs circumftances determine the general to order otherwife ; but, whether they march in front, centre or rear of their bsi-

(i/i/tii

Guard

rdiiin

Guard

PI.

VI

Slulu

Sinky

B
_S1
13

i*taa

h
lupin

Q Gudrd

QT Guard

Fig n

VaaEE^

<

/*=

35
gades they mull always march between the battalions,and never between the platoons. In manoeuvring they mud alfo follow their brigade/s, performing the manoeuvres and evolutions with them observing that, when the clofe column is formed, they muft always proceed to the flank of the column oppofed to that fide their brigade is to difplay to and on the column's
; ;

difplaying, they follow the firft divifion of their brigade ; and when that halts and forms,the field-pieces immediately

take their pods on

its

right.

CHAP.

XIIL

the troops are to exercife with powder.the ofinfpecT: the arms and cartridge boxes, and take away all the cartridges with ball. The firft part of the general will be the fignal for all firing to ceafe; on the beating of which the officers and noncommifiloned officers muft fee that their platoons ceafe firing, load and fhoulder as quick as poffible. The commanding officer will continue the fignal till he fees that the
ficers

WHEN

Of the
muft carefully

Firings.

<men have loaded and mouldered.

Article
Caution.

I.

Firing by Battalion.

Take Care
Battalion
If there be

to Jire by

Battalion
!

! Make ready t Take Aim Fire f more than one battalion to fire, they are

to

do

it

in fucceflion

from right

to left; but

after

the

firft,

round, the odd battalions fire fo foon as the refpeclive battalions on their left begin to fhoulder and the even bat;

talions fire

when

the refpeclive battalions on their fight be-

gin to fhoulder.

Article
Firing by
.JDiviJions

II.

and

platoon?,

-Caution.

36
Take Care
Divijionl
to fire by

Divifions

Make
the
i.

ready

Take
as
i$

Aim

1
.

Firc\

They

fire in

fame order

prefcribed for battal-

ions in Article

by platoons is alfo executed in the fame order in thewingsof the battalion, beginning with the right of each, that is, thefirTt and fifth platoons pve the iirft fire, the fecondandfixth the fecond hre, the third and feventh the third fire, and the fourth and eighth the fourth fire, ; alter which they fire as before prefcribed.
firing

The

Article
The

III.

Firing Advancing.
battalion advancing receives the word,

Battalion

Haiti
!

Take Care to Jire by Div'Jions They fire

as before.

Article IV.
Firing Retreating.

When
lbng as
to

a battalion
;

is

obliged to retire,
prefied by the
the

poffible

but

if

it muft marches enemy, and obliged

make

ufe of

its fire,

Battalion

To
and
fire

the

commanding officer Halt Right about. Face

!

will order ,
:

by battalion, divifion or platoon, as before directed.

but more particularly on a march; The foldiers being then permitted to march at their eafe, with the ranks and files open, without the greateft care, thefe get confounded one with another and if fuddcnly attacked, in (lead of toeing able to form immediately in order of battle, the whole line is thrown into the
necelfary at all times,
;

TKE

CHAP. XIV. Gf the March of an Army or

Corps.
is

created attention on the part of the officers

titmoft confufion.

The order for the march of an army being given, the adjutant general will appoint the field officers for the advanced and rear guards, and iflue orders to the brigade

37
majors to have ready their refpective quotas of other officers and men for the advanced guard, which will confift of the number ncceifary for the guards of the new camp. Thefe, together with a pioneer of each company, and a ferjeant from the regiment to conduct them, muft be warned the evening before. At the beating of the general, the troops are immediately to ftrike their tents, and load the waggons, which muft then fall into the line of march for the baggage.

At thisfignal alfo all general and ftafF officers' guards, and thofebf the commiflaries, mull return to their refpective regiments.

At
ble,

the beating

of the afTembly, the troops

in

will afTem-

and be formed

battalion

on

their refpective pa-

rades.

The guards ordered, muft then be conduced by the brigade majors, or adjutants of the day, to the rendezvous appointed for the advanced guard, where the field officers warned for that duty, will form them in battalions, or other corps, according to their ftrength, and divide them
regularly into divifions and platoons. The officer commanding the advanced guard, muft take care to have a

guide with him, and to get every neceflary information of

the road.

The camp guards muft at the fame time retire to the rendezvous appointed for the rear guard, where they muft be formed in the fame manner. At the fame time alfo the quarter-mafters and pioneers of each battalion muft aflembie on the ground appointed for the advanced guard, where one of the deputies of the quarter mafter general muft form them in platoons, in the fame order as their refpective battalions march in the column. Each detachment will be conducted by its quarter mafter, who muft be anfwerable that it marches in the order prefcribed ; and the quarter mafters of brigades will conduct thofe of their refpeftive brigades, and be anfwerable for their behaviour. The fignal for marching being given, the whole will wheel by platoons or fections, as (hall be ordered, and begin the march. The advanced guard will march at a diftance from the

main body proportioned to its ftrcngth, having a patrole advanced ; and mud never enter any defile, \vood,&c. without having firft examined it, to avoid tailing into an ambufcade. The pioneers are to

and muft
to
file

repair the roads, that the off as little as poffible.

gu.rrd, befidcs

march behind the advanced guard, column may be obliged

its

The advanced

patroles in front,

mud

have a Rank guard, compofed of a file from each platoon, and commanded by an officer, or noncommiffioned officer, to march at the diftance of one hundred paces on the flank, and keep up with the head of the advanced guard. If it be necefiary to have a flank guard on each fide, a file muft be fent from the other flank of each platoon to compofe it and as this fervice is fatiguing, the men lhould be relieved every hour. The like flank guards are to be detached from each battalion, in the column. For the greater convenience of the foldurs, the ranks muft be opened to half diftance during the march. When the column meets with a defile, or any obftacle, the commanding officer muft ftop till the column has pafled it, taking care that they pals in as great order and and when one half have marched as quick as potable through, he muft command the front to halt, till the whole have paifed and formed, when he will continue the march. When a column crofles a road that leads to the enemy, the patroles or guards on the flanks of the firft battalion muft form on the road, and halt till the patroles of the the next battalion come up, which muft do the fame others proceed in the fame manner, till the whole have
; ; ;

paifed.

When the commanding officer thinks proper to halt on the march, immediately on the column's halting, the advanced flank and rear guards muft form a chain of fentineceffaries, as

and all the foldiers from ftraggling wood, water, &c. muft be fetched by detachments, as in camp. On the bcauwg the long roll, the whole are to form and continue the march. On the march no orders are to be communicated oy ailing out, but muft be fent by the adjutants from reginels,

to prevent

marching flower and quicker, mull be given by beat of drum. (See

fignals for halting,

ment

J9
to

regiment.

The

Chap, xxi

The commanding officer of the advanced guard being informed by the quarter-maflcr general, or'his deputy,
oi the ground the troops are to encamp on, will go a head and reconnoitire it ;and immediately on the arrival of the advanced guard, port his guards and fentinels,as direded in Chapter xxu.

March by Sections of Four.roads being very often two narrow to admit the front of a platoon, and the troops being therefore continually obliged to break off, which fatigues the men to prevent this,when the road is not fufficiently large throu ghout, (he battalions may be divided into feclions in the followThe
j

in a;

manner Each platoon

:

if

is to be told off into feftions of four files ; there remain three files, they form a feclion if two files j

.or lefs,

they form one rank.

At

the word,
!

By

Sett ions

of Four
I

To the Right, Wheel March \ they wheel by fours and march, the fecond rank of each feclion taking two paces diflancc from the front rank. The officers commanding platoons take pod on the left of their firft feetion ; but on the right, if the fedions wheel to the
on the flanks. mufh take great care that the diftance cf two paces, and no more, is kept between the ranks. At the word,
file-clofers fall in
laft.

The

The

officers

Halt

front rank of each feclion flops fhort, and the fecond rank clofes up, which gives the proper diflance between the fections and by wheeling to the right or left the
;

The

line

is

formed or, if the commanding officer choofes, he may form platoons by the oblique flep. If a column be already on the march by platoons, and the road becomes too narrow and inconvenient to continue in that order, it may be formed into fections of four, in the
:

following

manner

Caution by the commanding

officer.

4o
Take Care to break off by Sections of Four Upon which the officers commanding platoons tell
off as before, but without halting.
!

thcra

At

the

word
Sections of

Four

Break

off

I.

the feftions on the right of each platoon incline by the oblique ftep to the left ; and thofe on the left of ea^h platoon following theformer,incline to the right, till they all cover ;

when they march forward, opening the ranks as before diIf the number of feclions in a platoon be uneven rected.
that in the centre is to march ftraight forward on the right inclining to the left, and covering
;

the feclion
in front
it

it

and thofe on the

in the rear.

left

inclining to the right,

and covering

CHAP.
Of
the

XV.

Baggage on a March.

THE
The

inconveniences arifing to an army from having too great a number of waggons, muft be evident to every officer ; and it is expected, that for the future each
officer will curtail his

baggage as much as
;

poffible-

order of march for the army will always determine that for the baggage and, whatever place it may occupy in the line of march, the waggons muft always follow in the fame order as their refpeclive regiments. The quarter mafter general, or his deputy, will give the order of march for the baggage, and the commander in chief will order an efcort, to be commanded by a field officer,

according to its ftrength. officer of each battalion muft be appointed to fuperintend the ftriking of- the tents, and loading the waggons: he muft fee that the tents are properly tied up; that them and r.o proviiions or other articles are packed in that the tent poles are tied in a bundle by themfelves he muft not faffer the waggons to be overloaded,or any thing put into them but what is allowed ; and when the waggons are loaded, he muft fend them with the quarter-mafThis ferter ferjeant to the rendezvous of the brigade. jeant is to remain with the baggage of his regiment, to fee that the waggons follow in order ? and if a waggon breaks

An

Pl.VJL

B
e^>-

A
eat

E
^^r"
'4-

D
^/.
SVwt 'j/rtVrf
v

D
Jii '.'/"

IS. Col.

9TMtfter

IFMuter

F E

E F

E F

asooa aaooo
a a a a p QQia
1

oasaa siaaa

oaooa aooaoroaaoi laaaa

00 q

A
B

QiiurttT

Qiard

Waqqoiu
Kttvhens

E %*
T
1

G
II

Subalterns Adjifhnif

STMajor KCdilhri's

r
I

s ? S
C

**

r 3*& ^

SunysuHl

)0
St

t
"',

rimiM?

Y t
ctl

N
H
QD
/i/v

>

Hm'* ;#)o

K b
')o

4i
down, it mufl be put out of the line, that it may not impede the march of the reft. Each regiment will furnifh a non-commiffioned officer to conduct the fick and lame who are not able to march witk their regiments. Thefe men are to repair, at the beating of the general, to the rendezvous appointed, where a fufficient number of empty waggons will be ordered to attend for the reception of their knapfacks, and their arms, ifneceflary. furgeon of each brigade is to attend the fick belonging to it. The commanding officer of each battalion will infpeel the fick before they are fent from" the battalion, in order that none may be fent but thofe who are really incapable of marching with their regiments. And the officer commanding the efcort will be anfwerable that no foldiers are permitedto march with the baggage on any pretence whatever, except the quarter-mafter ferjeant of each regiment, as

before directed.

go between the batammunition waggons. The waggons of the park, and Others, are to be conducted agreeably to the foregoing directions, and the neceflary officers furnifhed to keep order on the march.
are to be permited to
talions or brigades, except the
.

No waggons

CHAP.
The manner of laying
out a

XVI.
the order

the quarter-mafters arrive on the ground where the troops are to encamp, the quarter-mafter general having fixed hb line of encampment, will condaft them along the line, and give each brigade quartermafter the ground neceffary for his brigade. The qaarter-mafters of regiments will then have their ground given them by the brigade quarter-mafters, and will mark out the place for each company and tent, and
for the kitche0s,&c.&c.as defer ibed in the following order.

WHEN

camp, with encampment.

of

Order of Encampment.
[Plate

VII and VIII.]

The

infantry will on all occafions

encamp by

battalions,

as they are

formtd

in

order of battle,

D2

42
The front of ihe camp will occupy the lame extent of ground as the troops when formed j and the intervals between the battalions will be twenty paces, with an addition of eight paces for every piece of cannon a batulion

may have.
The quarter-mafter of each regiment fhall be anfwerable that he demands no more ground than is neceffary
.for the

number of men. he has actually with the regiment, allowing two feet fcr each file, exclufivc of the officers, and adding fixteen feet for the intervals between the platoons. He is alfo to be anfwerable that no more tents are pitched than are abfolutely neceflary, allowing one tent for the non-commiffioncd officers of each company, and one for every fix men, including the drums and fifes. The tents of the non-commiffioned officers and privates are to be. pitched in two ranks with an interval of fix paces betwen the ranks, and two feet between each tent the tents of the non-commiffioncd officers to be in the front rank, on the right of thdr companies, in the right wing,
;

left wing of the battalion. Nine be allowed for each tent with its interval, and twenty feet in the centre of the battalion for the adjutant ; but when a regiment forms two battalions, the adjutant is to encamp with .the firft battalion, theierjeantmajor fupplyinghis place in thefecond. The captains' and fubalterns' tents are to be in one line, twenty feet from the rear of the men's tents the captains' in the right wing oppofite the right of their refpeclive companies, and the fubalterns' oppofite the left ; and the contrary in the left wing. The field officers' tents are to be in one line,' thirty feet 'from the line of officers ; the colonel's oppofite the centre

and on the

left in the

feet front are to

the lieutenant colonel's on the right ; and the major s on But if the regiment forms two battalions, the the left. colonel encamps behind the centre of the firft battalion ; the lieutenant colonel behind the fecond battalion, and the major behind the interval between the two battalions.
:

furgeon, pay-mafter,and.quarter-ma(ler, encamp in with the front of their tents in a line with the rear of the field officers' tents; ehe AiVgeon on the right, pay-mafter on the left, ar.d quarter-mafter in the centre. v

The

one

line,

The

kitchens are

to,

be dug beiund their refpetfive corn-

43
panies, forty feet
lers' tents are to

from the

field

officers' tentfr.-

The

fut-

be between the kitchens. The horfes and waggons are to be placed in a line, twenty feet behind the kitchens. The drums of each battalion are to be piled fix paces in front of the adjutant's tent, and the colours planted before them. The camp guards are to be three hundreed paoes in front of the fir It line, and the fame diitance in the rear of the fecond line. The quarter guard is to be forty feet from the waggons, oppofite the interval between the two battalions who furi

ni(h

it.

The

finks of the iirft line are to be three

line the

and thofe of the fecond the rear of the camp.

in front,

hundred feet fame diftanoe in

The commanding officers of regiments are to be anfwerable that no tents arepitched out of the line- ofencampment on any. account whatever, except for the regimental
hofpital.

The ground being marked

out, the quarter-mafters will

leave the pioneers, and e;o to meet their regiments, conduel them to their ground, and inform the colonel where they are to go for their neceffaries.

-A P.

XVI T.
.

THE
beat a

Manner of entering a camp' head of the column arriving at the firft -entrance of the camp, the commanding officer of the-firft bat!

talion will

command Car ry^ Arms On which the men carry their arms, and
march
;

and the

officers will fee that their

the drum;; platoons

have

their proper difiances, clofe the ranks and files, and each drefs the flank on which his platoon is to wheel, with The other batthe fame flank of the platoon preceeding. talions obferve the fame directions, and keep their proper diftances'from each other. Tha general or officer commanding mud take great cafe to march the troops in a direcl line along the front of the camp, and at fuch a diftance as to give fufficient roeni &r
i

44
the large ft. platoons to march clear of the line of tents. As the battalions refpe&ively arrive in front of their ground, they halt, form battalion (drcffing with the right)

and order or fupport

their

arms.

adjutants immediately turn out the piquets that may have been ordered, form them in front of their refpective battalions, and fend them to the rendezvous appointed. The piquets being fent off, the commanding officers of
battalions

The

command

their

men

to pile their arms,

and

di'f-

mifs

them

to pitch their tents.

As foon as a company have pitched their tents, the captain parades them, and they fetch in their arms. The tents of the battalion being all pitched, the adjutant will form .the detatchments for neceuaries, and fend them
'

off.

In the mean time the commanding officer of the bathaving examined the ground, will, if necefTary, order out a party to open the communications on the
talion,

right and left ;:in front for- the troops

and

in the rear

for

the baggage.

C H A

P.

XVIII.
Order and

Nccejfary Regulations for preftrving

Cleanlinefs in the Camp. a regiment enters acamp,the field officers muft take care that the encampment is pitched regularly that the finks and kitchens are immediately dug in their proper places, and that no tents are pitched in any part of the camp contrary to the order prefer ibed. At leaft one officer ot a company muft remain on the parade, to fee that the tents are pitched regularly, on the

WHEN
;

ground marked

out.

mould be marked with the name of each regiment and company, to prevent their being loft or exchanged, and the tents of each company numbered ; and each

The

tents

non-commiflioned officer fhould have a lift of the tents, with the mens* names belonging to each.. The utenfils belonging to the tents are to be carried alternately by the men ; and the non-commiflioned officers of the fquads are to be anfwerable that they are not loft or
fpoiled.

46
Whenever a regiment is to remain more than one night on the fame ground, the foldiers muft be obliged to cut a fmall trench round their tents, to carry off the rain but great care muft be taken they do not throw the dirt up againft the tents. One officer of acompany muft every day vifit the tents-;
they are kept clean ; that every utenfil belonging to them is in proper order ; and that no bones or other filth be in or near them ; and when the weather is fine, fhould order them to be ftrucfc about two hours at noon, and the ftraw and bedding well aired. The foldiers fhould-not be permitted to eat in their tents, except in bad weather ; and an officer of a company muft often vifit the mefTes ; fee that the provifion is good and well cooked ; that the men of one tent mefs together ; and that the provifion is not fold or dTfpofedof for liquor. fubaltern, four non-commiffioned officers and a drum* mer muft every day be appointed for the police of each battalion, who are on no account to be abfent during the time they are on. duty. The officer of the police is to make a general infpe&ion into the cleanlinefs of the camp, not fuffer fire to be made any where but in the kitchens, and caufe all dirt to be He is immediately removed, and either burnt or buried. to be prefent at all distributions in the regiment, and to
fee that

detachments for necefTaries. is obliged to be abfent, the officer of the police is to do his duty till his return ; and for that purpofe he muft attend at the adjutant's tent, to be ready to receive and distribute any orders that may come for the

form and fend

off all

In cafe the adjutant

regiment.

The drummer

of the police muft attend conftantly at

the adjutant's tent, to be ready at all times to communicate the neceffary fignals ; nor muft he abfent himfelf on any account during the twenty, four hours, without leaving another drummer to fupply his place till his return,

nor then, without leave from the adjutant. When any of the men want water, they muft apply to the officer of the police, who will order the drum to beat the neceifarv fignal ; on which all who want water muft immediately parade with their canteens before the colours, where the officer of the police will form and fend.

46
them
ficers

off under the care of the

two non commiffioned

of-

be anfwerable that they bring back the whole detachment, and that no exceffes are .committed whilft they are out. Wood and all other necefExcept in cafe faries rauft be fetched in the fame manner. of neceffity, not more than one detachment is to be out
of the police,

who

are to

at a time.

The
;

quarter-maftcr muff be anfwerable that the parade

and environs of the encampment of a regiment are kept clean that the finks are filled up, and new ones dug and if any every four days, and nftener in warm weather horfe or other animal dies near the regiment, he mufk caufe it to be carried at leaft half a mile from camp and
;

buried.

place where the cattle are killed mull be at fcaft and the entrails paces in the rear of the waggons and other filth immediately buried ; for which the commifTaries are to be anfwerable. The quavter-mafttrgeneral muft take care that all dead animals, and every other nuifance in the environs of the
.

The

fifty

officer or foldier fhall be permitted to pafs the chain of fentinels round the camp, without permiffion in writing frcm the commanding officer of his regiment or battalion which petmidion lhall be dated the fame day, and fhall, on the return of the perfon to whom it was granted, be delivered to the adjutant, who is to return itao the colonel or commanding officer, with
;

camp, be removed. No non commiffioned

his report.
officer, fhall

Every detachment not conducted by a commiffioned have a written permiffion from a field officer,

or the officer of the be a detachment going for necefftries without which they are not to be permitted to pafs the chain. All officers whatever are to make it a point of duty to ftop every non-commiffioned officer or foldier they meet without the chain, and examine his pafs and if he has not

or officer

commanding a regiment,

police if

it

or having one is committing any excefi", the officer muft conduel him to the neareft guard, from whence he muft be fent, with hiy crime, to his regiment. The'fentinel before the colours muft have orders, in cafe he hears any alarm iruramp, or at the advanced pofts,

fufficient pafs,

47
to acquaint the adjutant with it ; who vill inform the commanding officer of the battalion, or order an alarm beat, if the cafe requires it.

CHAP.
Of

XIX.

Roll Calls.

be called in each battalion at troop and retreat beating, at which times the men are to parade with their arms; and at the beating of the reveille,
rolls {hall

THE

and at noon, the commanding officers of companies mall caufe the rolls f their refpeetive companies to be called, the men parading for that purpofe without arms, and to be detained no longer than is necefTary to call the roll. Th.~ non-commiffioncd officers are to vifit their refpective fquads a quarter of an hour after tattoo beating ; fee that they are all prefent and retired to reft ; and make their report to the commanding ofTicer of the company. No non-commiffioncd officer or foldier is to be abfent from roll-call without perniiffion from the commanding officer of the company. No commiffioned officer is to be abfi.nt from roM-call without permifiion from the commanding officer of the regiment.

CHAP
Of
the Infpeclion

XX.
their drefs, Neccffa-

of

the

Men,

ries.

Arms, Accoutrements, and ammunition.

;

oftener the foldiers are under the infpection of for which reafon every the better morning at troop beating theymuft infpecl into the drefs of their men ; fee that their clothes are whole and put on properly ; their hands and faces wafhed clean ; their hair
th?ir officers

THE

and every Thofe who are guilty of repeated neglects in the-fe particulars are to be The field officers mull pay attenconfined and punithed. tion to this object, taking proper notice of thofe companies where a vifible neglect appears, and publicly applauding thofe who are remarkable for their good appearance.'

combed

article

their accoutrements properly ; about them in the greateft order.

fixed,

commanding officers of companies muft men's arms and ammunition, and fee that tkey are clean and in good order. {Seefarther Chap, xxiii) That the men may always appear clean on the parade,
the

Everyday

examine

their

and as a mean of preferving their health, the non-commiflioned officers are to fee that they wafli their hands and faces every day, and oftener when neteffary. And when any river is nigh, and the feafon favourable, the men (hall bathe themfelves as frequently as poffible, the commanding officers of each battalion fending them by fmall detachments
fucceffively under the care of a non-commiffioned officer ; but on no account muft the men be permitted to bathewhen juft come off a march, at leaft till they have repofed long

enough to get cool. Every Saturday morning the captains are to make a general inflection of their companies, and examine into the ftate of the men's neceffaries, obferving that they agree in quantity with what is fpecified in the company book and that every article is the man's who (hews it. -For which purpofc,and to difcover theft,every man's things fhould be marked if any thing is deficient, ftricl enquiry muft be made into the caufe of it and fhould it appear to be loft, pledged, fold, or exchanged, the offender muft be feverely;
;

puniThed.

That the men may not be improperly burdened and fatigued, the captains are pot to fuffer them to carry any
thing which
is

either ufelefs or unneceffary.

CHAP.

XXI.
'

begin on the right, by the whole army to faciliate which,the drummer's call fhall be beat by the drums of the police, a quarter of an hour before the time of beat-

THE

Of the

different Beats

of the Drum.
;

different' daily beats fhall

and be

inftantly followed

ing,

when

the

drummers

will affemble before the

colours

of their refpeclive battalions ; and as foon as the beat begins on the right, it is to be immediately taken up by die whole army, the drummers beating along the front of their
refpective battalions,

thence to the

left,

from the centre to the right, from and back again to the centre, where they


The
different beats

fignals are to be as follows

49
and The General is to be beat only when the whole are to march and is the fignal to ftrike the tents, and prepare for the march. The AJfembly is the fignal to repair to the colours. The March for the whole to move. The Reveille is beat at day-break, and is the fignal for the foldiers to rife, and the centries to leave off
:

challenging.

The Troop affembles the foldiers together, for the purpofc of calling the roll and infpecting the men for duty. The Retreat is beat at fun fet, for calling the roll, warning
the men for duty, and reading the orders of the day. The Tattoo is for the foldiers to repair to their tents, where they muft remain till reveille beating next mornin To Arms is the fignal for getting under arms in cafe of alarm. The Parley is to defire a conference with the enemy. The, Signals.

Adjutant's call

firjl part

Firft Serjeant's call

one roll

of ike troop. and three flams.

tnvo rolls

All non-commiflioned

officers' call

andfive flaws.

To go

poing Jlroke and tenjlroke roll. Water Provifions tnvojlrokes and a flam. roajl heef. Front to halt tivo flams from right to left, and a full drag 'with the right, a left hand flam and a right hand full drag. For the front to advance quicker the long ?narch. To march flower thi taps. For the drummers the drummer'' s call. For a fatigue party the pioneers march. For the church call the parley. The drummers will practife a hundred pace* in front ef the battalion, at the hours fixed by the adjutant general ; and any drummer found beating at any other time,
for

wood

except ordered, fhall be punifhed.

CHAP.
Of
Article

XXII.
Guards.
I.

the Service of the

THE

Of the
i ft.

different

different Guards, with their Ufe, guards of the army will confiflof Out poll and piquet guards.

50
quarter guards. General and ftarF officers guards. The piquet guards arc formed by detachments from the line, and are polled at the avenues of the camp, in
3d2d.

Camp and

fuch numbers as the general

commanding

thinks

necciTa-

ry for the fecurity of the camp. The camp and quarter guards are for the better fecu^

rity^or the
discipline.

camp,

as well as for preftrving

good order and

quarter

Every two battalion? guard between them, to

Su-balt.
1

will furnifh a
confift

camp and
f

of
Priv.

Serj.
*

Corp.
>

Drumm.
x -

For the

camp

27

guard. 9 For the quarter guard.

The camp guard

hundred. paces
the

of the front line

it,

is

to

be pofted three
line,

in front of

and that of the fecond

of the fecond
line,

fame djftance

in the rear

each oppoit.

fue the interval of the two battalions,

who

furniih

Each guard
fentinels,

will

pod nine

fentinels, viz.

one before the

guard, two on the right and two on the left; thefe five with thofe fi om the other battalions, forming a chain in the front and rear of the camp; the lixth. and feventl. fentinels before the colours and the eighth and ninth before the tents of the commanding officers of the
;

two

battalions.

In order to complete the chain of fentinels round the camp, the adjutant general will order uvo fiank guards from the line, to confill of a cojnmiffioncd officer, and as many men as are neceflary to rm a chain on the.flanks.

The intention of the capp guards being to form a chain of fentmels round the camp, in order to prevent improper pcribns entering, or the foldiers going out of

camp, the

commanding

of brigades will add them, foas to anfwer the above purpofe.

officers

to,

or diminifli

Ihe quarter guard is to be pofted twenty paces iri the rear of the line of waggons, and will furnifh' three fentinels, viz. cne at the guard, and one bchiad each battalion.

The guards of
folio ws.

the general

and other

officers will

be af

Sub al.
Major general
will have
-

Serj. >erj.
i

Corp.

Brigadier general Quarter-mailer general (asfuch) .Adjutant general

i
i

Commiffary general
Pay-mafter general Auditors Judge advocate general Mufter mafter general
Clothier general

Brigade commiflary General hofpital Saccording to circumfhinces. Provoft guard } Any additional guard to the quarter-mailer, commiffary or clothier general, will be determined by the Ftores they may have in poffeffion. The different guards are all to mount at one hour, to be regulated by the commanding officer for the time being. The camp and quarter guards are to parade before the interval of their battalions, where they will be formed by the adjutant who furnifhes the officer, and immediately
fent off to their refpe&ive pofts.

The guard of a major general is to be furmfhed from own divifion, each brigade furnifhing it by turns itjs to be formed by the major of brigade, and fent from tho
his
;

is to be furnifhed by brigade, and formed and fent from the brigade parade by the major of brigade. The brigade commiffary's guard is to be furnifhed in the fame manner.

brigade parade. The guard of a brigadier general

his

own

other guards being compofed of detachments from by brigades, each detachment is formed on the brigade parade by the major of brigade, and fenl with an adjutant to the grand parade. All guards, except thofe which are honorary, mould ordinarily be of force proportioned to the number of fentinels required, allowing three relieves for each poft.
thelinc

The

Article II, Of the grand Pttrade.

As fon as a detachment arrives on the grand the officer having drefTed the ranks, commands,
parade,

52

Order
and then takes
port

Firelocks

eight paces

in front

of his detach-

ment

the non-commiilioned officers fall two paces into the rear, except one who remains on the right of every detachment. Each detachment takes pod on the left of
;

that preceding it, and ef the day as it arrives.

is

examined by the brigade major

When the
drefies the

line,

whole are afTembleJ, the adjutant of the day counts die files from right to left, and

takes port on the right.

The brigade major then commands, Attention! Shoulder Firelock! Support

Arms
!

Officers

and non-commiffioned Officers To the Centre March !

then march to the centre, and form themfelves, according to feniority, in one rank, iixteen paces in front of. the guards ; the non-commiffioned officers advance and form two ranks, four paces in the rear of the officers and with the fame diftance between their ranks. The brigade major then appoints the officers and nonofficers

The

commiffioned

officers to

their pofts

the officers in the

following manner

The

j ft on the right of the 2d on the left of the '3d in the centre, on the right of the 4th on the right of the 2d divifion, or 5th on the right of the 4th divifion, or 6th on the right of the 7th on the right of the 8th on the right of the 9th on the right of the

ifn
8th

5 th

3^
7 th

2d
8 th

4th 6th
if.

loth in the rear of tht I ith in ihe rear of the 1 2 th in the rear of the 1 3th in the rear of the 14th in the rear of the 1 5th in the rear of the 16th in the rear of the 1 7th in the rear of the 1 8th in the rear of tRe 19th in the rear of the 20th in the rear of the

8th 5 th

>2

3d
7th

2d
6th 4th

5*
ift

8th

53
officers are pofted thus ; ferjeant on the right of each platoon, and one on the left of the whole ; the reft as file clofers equally divided to each platoon.

The non-commiffioned

Whflrt this is doing, the adjutant divides the guard into eight platoons, leaving proper intervals between the platoons for the officers who are to command them.
t

the battalion being divided, he

The brigade major having appointed the officers, and commands; Officer* and non-commiffioned Officers ! To your pojis The officers and non-commiffioned officers face out
centre.

wards from the

March
of the day, informs him

They go direcTiy to their pofts in the The brigade rm.jor then advances to

battalion.

the genera} officer that the battalion* is formed, and

takes his directions relative to the ejeercife. The general of the day will ufualty order the manual exercife to be performed, and feme manoeuvres, fuch as he thinks proper the major or" brigade of the- Jay giving th?.
;

words of command.
major of brigade commands Fir docks ! The drums then beat from right to left of the parade, and paffing behind the officers of the day, take poll en
exercife being Sniflicd.the

The

Order

their left.

The major of brigade

Shoulder
Officers

'

then orders,

Firelocks

Support

Arms!
amd the brigade

and Non-commiJJior^d Officers To the Centre- March !

They advance

as before

to the centre,

major appoints them to

their refpetfive g-iards, takes the

name of the officer commanding each guard, and gives him the parole and countersign. The adjutant having in the mean time told off the guards, and divided them ir.to platoons, the brigade major then command?, Officers and Non-commijjioned Officers ! To your pojis ! March I

The

officers go to their refpe&ive pods. The, brigade major then cc mmands,

Arms Prefent advancing to the general, acquaints him that the guards are formed ; and on receiving his orders to march them off, he commands,
And
Shoulder

Firelocks

By Platoons ! to the Right Wheel ! March ! The whole wheel and march by the general, the officers faluting him as they pafs and when the whole have pair;

ed, they wheel off and

march

to their refpeclive pofts.

Article

III.

Of relieving Guards and Sentinels. The guards in camp will be relieved every twenty four hours. The guards without the limits of the camp will
fame manner but this muft depend on their diftances from camp, and other circumftances, which may fometimes require their continuing on duty for feveral days. In this cafe they muft be previoufly
ordinarily be relieved in the
;

notified to provide themfelves accordingly.

The guards
will permit.

are to

march

in

the greateft order to their

refpetfive pofts,

marching by platoons, whenever the roads

When the new guard approachesthepoft, they carry their trmsi and the officer of the old guard, having his guard paraded, en the approach of the new guard, commands,
Prefcnt

Arms

and

guaid prefent their arms. The new guard marches paft the old guard, and takes ^>Oii three or four paces on its right, both guards fronting towards the enemy ; and the officer commands,
his

Arms ! Prefent and the new guard prefent their arms. The two officers then approach each other, and the reBoth lieving officer takes his orders from the relieved. efficers then return to their guards, and commands,
Shoulder

Firelocks

Non

Commiffioned

officers !
officers

Forward

March
who

The non-commiffioned

of both guards,

are

'

55
to
relieve

the

fentinels,

advance

In

front of the
tells

new

guard.

The

ferjeant of the

new guard
;

then

off as

many
-

fentinels as are neceffary

and the corporal of the new

guard, conducted by a corporal of the old guard, relieves ihe fentinels, beginning by the guard houfe. When the fentinel fees the relief approach, he prefents his arms, and the corporal halting his relief at fix paces
diftance,

commands,

Thislaft the former immediately approachthe one to be relieved ing with the corporal, and having received his orders from and the fentry relieved the old fentry, takes his place marches into the ranks, placing himfelf on the left of the rear rank; ;

PrejentArms .'Recover Arms ! command is only for the fentinel relieving, and

Front
Both

Fact
!
!

fentries face to the front.

The

corporal then orders

f

Shoulder
and the

Firelock

Support- Arms
till

March
relief proceeds in the

fame manner

the whole

are relieved. If the fentries are numerous, the ferjeants are to be employed as well as the corporals in relieving them. When the corporal returns with the old fentinels, he leads them before the old guard, and difmiffes them to
their ranks.

The officer of the old guard then forms his guard in the fame manner as when he mounted, and marches them in order to camp. Asfoon as he arrives in the camp, he halts, forms the men of the different brigades together, and fends them to their refpeetive brigades, conducted by a non-commiillonor careful fol.dier. the old guard march off, the new guard prefent their arms, till they are gone, then (houlder, face to the left, and take the place of the old guard

ed

officer,

When

The officer then orders a non-commiffioned officer t take down the names of the guards in the following manser.

56
Hours they goon, 104,1 6.-4. 12-6, 12-6,
Men's
Pofl No.
2

8,

2-f.

Men's nam.

Men's nam.

Suppofe the guard to eonfift cf twenty four men, and to furnifh eight ientinels, they are divided into three relieves,

and the pofts being numbered, beginning always with the guard houfe, each man's name is put down againft the

number of

the poll he will always /land fentry at duringthe guard,by which mean an officer knows what particular

any hour of the day or night. of fentries is always to be marched in the greateil order, and with fupported arms, the corporal often looking back to obferve the conduct of the men and if an officer approaches, he is to order his men to handte their arms, fupporting them again when he has paffed. The corporals are to be anfwerable that the fentries, when relieving, perform their motions with the greateft

man was
The

at any poft during

relief

fpirit

and

exacinefs.

who is detected in having the infolence to luffer fentries to relieve each other, without his being prefcorporal
ent, fhall, as well as the fentry fo relieved, be feverely pun*
iflied.

Article IV.
InjlruFtions to Officers on

Guard.

the vigilance of the officer depends not only the fafe* ty of his guard, but that of the whole army.

On

highly nscefTary an officer Ihould have fomehis fkualion, he muft, immediately after relieving the-cld guard, vifit die fentinels, and examine the ground round his port ; and if he tfrinks the fentries not fufficient to fecure him from a furprife, he is at liberty to place more, acquainting therewith the general or field officer of the day who* vifits his poll ; but without their leave he is not to alter any that are already polled. He
it is

As

knowledge of

57
mull caufo the roads leading to the enemy and to the next pofts to be well reconnoitred by an officer of the guard, or for want of one, by an intelligent non-commiffioned officer and fome faithful men, inform himfelf of every
thing neceffary for hisfecurity, and ufe every poffible precaution againft a furprife. . He muft permit no ft'ranger It to enter his port, nor fuffer his men to talk with him. a fufpicious perfon, or a deferter from the- enemy approaches; he muft ftop him and fend him to head quarfuffer the ioldiers to pull off their

muft on no account accoutrements, or ftragand if watgle more than twenty paces from the guard er or any other necefiaiies are wanted for the guard, they
ters,,

or to

a fuperior

officer.

He

muft be fent for by a non commiffioned officer and fome men, with their arms if at an out poft, on no account but never whilft the_ fuffering a foldier to go by himfelf He muft examine every relief fentinels are relieving. before it is fent off; fee that their arms are loaded and in order, and that the men are acquainted with their duty
; ;

by any accident a man fhould get the leaftdifguifed with liquor, he muft on no account be fuffered to go on

and

if

fentry.

every relief the guard muft parade, and the roll be and during the night, and when near the enemy, ; during the day, the guard muft remain under arms till

At

called

the relief returns. During the day the men may be permitted to reft themguard felves as much as is confident with the fafety of the bufjn the night, no man muft be fuffered to lay down or in his fleep on any account, but have his arms conftantly

hands, and be ready to fall in on the leaft alarrm Between every relief the fentries muft be vifited by a non-commiffioned officer and a file of men and, when more than one officer is on guard, as often as poffible by patrol alfo muft be frequently fent on tha an officer.
;

roads leading to the enemy. mutt (top During the day, the fentinels on the out pofts till they have not, or armed whether men, of every party been examined by the officer of the guard. given to As foon as it is dark, the countersign muft be
the
fentinels

which they are

of the piquets and advanced pofts, after them ; an* to challenge all that approach

5*
any perfon, after being ordered to ftarid, fhould continue to approach or attempt to efcape, the fentry, after challenging him three times, muft fire on him. The feminels of the interior guards of the camp will receive the counterfign, and begin to challenge, at fuch
if

hfiurs as (hall be determined in orders, according to cir-

cumflances.
fentinel, on perceiving nny perfon approach, muft challenge brifkly, and never fufFer more than one to adif the pervance, till he has the counterfign given him fon challenged has not the counterfign, the fentry muft call the ferjeant of the guard, and keep the perfon at a
;

little

diftance

from

his poll:,

till

the ferjeant

comes

to ex-

amine him.
.

fentry dn an out pod perceives more than approach, he muft 6rder them to Hand, rtnd Iht-^ mediately pafs the word for the ferjeant of the guard the officer of the guard muft immediately parade his guard* and fend a ferjeant with a party of men to examine the party ; The non-commiffioned officer muft order the commanding officer of the party to advance, and conduct him' to the officer of the guard ; who, in cafe he is unacquainted with his perfon, and does net choofe to truft either to his cloathing or to his knowledge of the counterfign, muft

Whenever a

three

men

demand his paffport, and examine him ftriclly convinced of his belonging to the army', muft
pafs.

and
let

it

him

If a fentry, on challenging, is anfwered relief, patrol or round, he muft in that cafe order the ferjeant or corporal to advance with the counterfign ; and if he-is then affiired of their being the relief, &c. he may fuller them to advance. fentinel muft take the greateft care not to be furprifed he mud never fufFer the perfon who advances to give the cour.terfign, to approach within reach of his arms, and always charge his bayonet. The officers wbo mount the camp guards muft give orders to their fentries not to fufFer any perfon to pafs in or out of camp, except by one of the guards, nor then till the officer of the guard has examined him. In cafe one of the guard deferts, the officer muft immediately change the counterfign, and fend notice thereof

A
;

5$
general of the day who is to communicate the fame to the other guards, and the adjutant general. As foon as the officer of a guard difcovers the approach of the enemy, he muft immediately fend notice to the neareft general officer, call in the fentries, and put himfelf in the beft pofture of defence. If attacked on his
t

the

defend it to the utmoft of his power, nor compelled by fuperior force and even then he muft retire in the greateft order, keeping a- fire on the enemy, whofe fuperioiity, however great, can never juftify a guard's retiring in diforder. Should the enemy purfue a guard into camp, the officer muft take care to retire through the intervals of the battalions, and forming in the rear of the line, wait for further orders. When an officer is ported at a bridge, defile, or any work, with orders to maintain it, he muft defend himfelf to the laft extremity, however fuperior the force of the enemy may be, as it is to be fuppofcd that the general who gave thofe orders will reinforce him, or order him to retire whenever he thinks it proper. An officer muft never throw in the whole of his file at oqce for which reafon evrry guard is to be divided into two or more diviiions or platoons, according to its ftrength; any number above eight and under feventy-eight mon forming two platoons the eldeft officer taking poft on the right of the firft platoon,the next eldeft on the right of the fecond platoon, and the third on the left of the' whole the non-commiffioned officers cover the officers the drum is to be on the right of the captain, and the fentinel one pace advanced cf the drum. If the guard coniiiis of no more than twelve mer, it terms in one rank.
port,
will

he

retreat, unlefs

Article V.
of the day will vifit the feveral guards during the day, as often and at fuch hours as they judge proper. When the fentry before the guard perceives the officer of the day, he will call to the guard to turn out; and the guard,being paraded, on the approach of the officer of the day prefent their arms. The officer of the day will examine the guard fee that
officers
j

Method of going and The general and field

rect iviiig the

Grand Romids.

6o
}that their arms and accoutrements are in order that the officers and non-commiffioned officers are acquainted with -their duty and that the fentinels are prop;
;

none are abfent

erly pofted

and have received proper orders.

Not only the officers of the day, but all general officers are at liberty to vifit the guards and make the fame examination.

The
officer

officers of the guard (hall give the parole to the of the day, if demanded.

During the grand rounds.

night,

the officers of the day will

go

the

When

the officer of the

day

arrives at the

guard from

he will make himfeif known as fuch by giving the officer cf the guard the parole. He will then order the guard under arms, and having examined it, demand an efcort of a ferjearit and two men, and proceed to the next poft. When the rounds are challenged by a fentinel, they
to begin his rounds,
"will

whence he intends

anfwer, Grand rounds ! and the fentry will reply, Stand, Grand rounds! Advance ferjeant ivith the count erfign! Upon which the ferjeant advances and gives the counter-

The fentinel will then* cry, Advance, rounds ! and prefent his arms till they have pafTed. When the fentry before the guard challenges, and is anfwered, Grand rounds ! he will reply, Stand, Grand rounds! Turn out the guard I Grand rounds ! Upon the fensign.

guard is to be turned out and drawn up good order, with fhouldered arms, the officers taking their pofts. The officer commanding ihe guard will then order a ferjeant and two men to advance towards the round and challenge. When the ferjeafit of the guard comes within ten paces of the rounds, he is to halt and challenge brifkly. The ferjeant of the rounds is to anfwer, Grand rounds ! The ferjeant of the guard replies, Stand, grand rounds ! advance ferjeant with the counterfign ! and orders his men to prefent their arms. The ferjeant of the rounds advances alone, and giving the counterfign, returns to his rounds and the ferjeant of the guard calls to his officer, The counterfign is right ! On which the officer of the guard calls, Advajice, rounds! The officer of the rounds then advances alone, and on his approach t] guard prefent their arms. The officer of the rounds pafltinel's calling, the

in

6i
along the front of the guard immediately to the officer, keeps his poft on the right, and gives him the parole. He then examines the guard, orders back his efcort, and demanding anew one, proceeds in the fame manner to the other guards.
cs

who

Article VI.
to General Officers and others. To the commander in chief: All guards turn out With prefented arms ; the drums beat a march, and the officers
falute.

Honors due from Guards

To major generals and beat two ruffles.

and beat one
ruffle.

They

turn out with prefented arms,

To brigadier generals: They turn out with prefented arms,

of the day They turn out with prefented arms, and beat according to their rank. Except from thefe rules a general officer's guard, which turns out and pays honors only to officers of fuperior rank to the general whofe guard it is.
officers
:

To

To colonels Their own quarter guards turn out once a day with prefented arms; after which they only turn out
:

with ordered arms.

To

lieutenant colonels: Their

own
;

out once a day with mouldered arms ly turn out and ftand by their arms.
:

quarter guards turn after which they on-

To majors Their own quarter guards turn out once a day with ordered arms at all other times they ftand by
;

arms. When a lieutenant colonel or major commands a regiment, the quarter guard Is to pay him the fame honors as are ordered to a colonel. All fentries prefent their arms to general officers, and to the field officers of their own regiments to all other commiffioned officers they ftand with mouldered arms. The prefident of congrefs, all govenors in their own ftates, and committees of congrefs at the army, fhall have the fame honors paid them as the commander in chief. When a detachment with arms pafTes before a guard,the guard fhall be under arms, and the drums of both beat a
their
;

march.

62

When a detachment without arms pafies, the guard (hall turn out and (land by their arms. After dark no honors are to be paid ; and when near the enemy, no honors are to be paid with the drum.

CHAP.
Of the

XXIII.

Arms' and Ammunition , with the Methods of

preferving them.

THE
of
nies.

prefervation of the arms and ammunition is an Comobject that requires the greateft attention. manding officers of regiments mull be anfwerable for thofe
their regiments,

and captains for

their refpeclive

compa-

of a company muft every morning at rollminutely into the (late of the men's arms, accoutrements and ammunition and if it mall appear that a foldier has fold, or through careleifnefs loft or damaged any part of them, he muft be confined and punifhed, and For ftoppages made of his pay, as hereafter mentioned which purpofe fuch officers fliall certify to the commanding officer of the regiment the names of the delinquents, and the lolfes or damages which (hall appear of their arms, ammunition and accoutrements ; and the commanding officer, after due examination, (hall order ftoppages to be made for whatever (hall appear to have been fold, loft or damaged as aforefaid. The ftoppages to be as follows For a firelock, fixteen dollars; a bayonet, two dollars ; a ram-rod, one dollar a cartridge-box, four dollars ; a bayonet-belt, one dollar
officer

An

call inipecl

a fcabbard, two thirds of a dollar ; a cartridge, one fixth of a dollar : a flint, one twentieth of a dollar ; a gun-worm, one fourth of a dollar ; a fcrew-driver, one twelfth of a dollar

And

for arms, accoutrements

and ammunition damaged,

to be
elli-

fuch fums mated by

as the repairs (hall coll the dates,

the brigade conductor, or,

its
;

tached, by fuch perfon as appoint for that purpofe

when a corps is decommanding officer (hall

provided that fuch (lop-

_6
pages do 'not exceed one half the delinquent's pay * monthly. It is highly eflenttal to the fervice that the ammunition
Ihould be at all times kept complete ; for which purpofe, as often as is neceffary, a return is to be made by each company of the number of cartridges deficient, to the quarter-mafter, that he may make out a general one for the regiment, to be figned by the commanding officers of the regiment and brigade, and no time loft in fupplying the de-

The like care is to be takeo that all deficiencies of arms and. accoutrements are fupplied without lofs of
ficiency.

time.

All arms, accoutrements and ammunition unfit for ferand fent by the commanding officer of each company to the regimental quarter-mafter, who (hall deliver the fame to the brigade con^

vice, are to be carefully preferved

ductor, they refpeclively giving receipts for

ceive.

what they

The arms, accoutrements and ammunition zf the fick and others, when delivered up, are to be taken care of
in the

re- /

fame manner.

in the arm-chefts, the cartridges

Before the cartridge-boxes are put muft be taken out to pre-

vent any lofs or accident. conductor fhall be appointed to each brigade, who fhall have under his immediate care and direction a travelling forge and five or fix armourers, an ammunition waggon, and a waggon with an arm-cheft for each battalion, each theft to hold twenty-five arms, to receive the arms and accoutrements wanting repair, or of the men fick or

abfent and when the arms delivered in by a battalion {haft exceed the above number, the furplus (hall be fent to the
:

commiffaryof military

ftores.

ad deliver the arms and accoutrements of each by order of its commanding officer. The ammunition waggon fhall contain twenty thoufand cartridges and in order to keep the feme complete, the
receive
battalion,
;

brigade conductor {hall iffite no ammunition but by order of the commanding officer of the brigade ; but may

The

conductor

fhall, as deficiencies arife,apply to the field

com

miffary, or one of his deputies, for a fuppiy, or otherwife for the neceffary materials of cartridges, and to the major of brigade for men to make them up under the direction of the conductor ; and for this purpofe the brigade major
fhall.

crder out a party of the moft careful

foldiers.

6|_
The non-commiffioned officers of each company will he provided with gun-worms ; and every day,at the noon rollcall of the company,thofemen who have returned from duty the are to bring their arms and have their charges drawn
;

firft

ferjeant to receive the

powder and ball,and

deliver the

fame

to the quarter-mafter.

CHAP.
Of the

XXIV.

Treatment of the Sick.

nothing \\;hich gains an officer the love of more than his care of them under the dif.trefs of ficknefs it is then he has the power of exerting his humanity in providing them every comfortable necefiary, and making their fituation a9 agreeable as poffible. Two' or three tents fliould be fet apart in every regiment fof tv,- reception of fuch fick as cannot be fent to the geAnd eneral hofpital, or whofe cafes may not require it. very company fhall be conftantly furnifhed with two facks to be filled occafionally with ftraw.and ferve as beds for the Thefe facks to be provided in the fame manner as fick. cloathing for the troops, and finally ifTued by the regimental clothier to the captain of each company, who fhall b anfwerable for the fame. When a foldier dies,or is difmiffed the hofpital, the ftravr he lay on is to be burnt, and the bedding well wafhed and aired before another is permitted to ufe it. The ferjeants and corporals fhall every morning at rollcall give a return of the fick of their refpective fquads to the make out one for the company, firlt ferjeanr^ who mud and lofe no time in delivering it to the furgeon, who will immediately vifit them, and order fuch as he thinks propfuch whofe cafes require er to the regimental hofpital their being fent to the general hofpital, he is to report immediately to the furgeon general, or principal furgeon atis

THERE

his foldiers

tending the army. Once every week (and oftener

when required)

the fur-

geon will deliver the commanding officer of the regiment a return of the fick of the regiment, with their diforders, dittinguifliing thofe in the regimental hofpital from ihofe
out of
it.

When a foldier is fent to the hofpital, the non-commiffioned officer of his fquad fhall deliver up his arms and accoutrements to the commanding officer of the company, that they may be depofited in the regimental arm cheft. When afoldier has been fick,he mud not be put on duty till he has recovered fufficient ftrength, of which the fur-geon mould be judge. Th furgeons are to remain with their regiments as well on a march as in camp, that in cafe of fudden accidents they may be at hand to apply the proper remedies.

C PL A

P.

XXV.

Of Reviews. Article I.
Of Reviews of Parade.

WHEN up

a battalion

is

to be revie\ved,it

mud

be drawn

in the "following

manner.

The ranks at four paces diftance from e?ch other ; the colours advanced four paces frorv. the centre ; the colonel twelve paces before the colours the lieutenant colonel four paces behind the colonel she major on the right of the
; :

battalion in the line of officers ; the adjutant behind, the centre; the officers commanding platoons eight paces before their intervals and the other officers on the fame line equally divided in front of their refpeclive platoons ; the ferjeants who covered officers take their places in the front rank of their platoons ; the other non-commiffioned
;

who were in the rear, remain there, failing hack four paces behind the rear rank and the drummers ai fifers are equally divided on the wings of the battalion, dreffing with the front rank. The general officer who' is to review them being within thirty paces of the -battaiior, the colonel orders
officers
;

Battalion ! Prefentr-Arms which the men prefent their arms, and the drums on the* right wing falute him according to his rank,the officers and colours falute him as he paffes in front of the battalion and on his arriving at the left, the drums beat the fame as on the right.

On

The

colonel then

commands

2.

66
Shoulder~~-Firelocks

And when
On

the general lias

!

advanced
to the

to the front,

Rear Rank
which the

Clofe

Front

officers face to their platoons.

March
The

rear rank clofes to the front, and the officers ftepping off at the fame time, thofe comm Tiding platoons take their pofts in the front rank, and the others go through the
intervals to their pofts in the rear.

The

colonel then

commands
Battalion

By

Platoons

To

the

Right, Wheel ! March

The whole wheel by platoons to the right, and march by the general the colonel at the head of the battalion, with the major behind him, followed bythe drums of the right wing the adjutant on the left of the fifth platoon ; and the lieutenant colonel in the rear, preceded by the drums of the left wing. The officers and colours falute when within eight paces of the general and the colonel having fainted, advances
;

to him,

Thebattalion having marched to

its

ground and formed,

the general orders fuch exercife and maaceuvres as he thinks proper.

Article

II.

Of Reviews
For a review of
off into platoons,but

of infpetlion.

muft not be told remain in companies,, at open order; the drums and fifes on the right, and the enfignswith the colours in front of their refpeciive companies.
infpection the battalion

The infpector begins with a general review, paffing along the front of the battalion from right to left, accompanied by the field and ftaff officers. The general review over,the
colonel

commands
!

Rear Rank
The
in front.

Clcfe to the

Front

March

rear rank clofes to the front, the officers remaining

By

companies

To

the.

Right,-Wheel

March

Each company wheels

to the right

the captains then

open their ranks, and order No/i commijioned Officers

To

the Front

March

The

officers take pott: four paces,

and the non-commif-

fioned officers two paces, in front of their companies-.

The whole then order their firelocks by word of command from their captains,except the firfl: company, where
the infpection begins
infpeifted,

when the firfl; company has been they order their firelocks, and the next company moulders ; the others proceed in the fame manner till
;

the whole are infpected.

The field and ftaff officers accompany theinfpector while h" infpects the companies; and when the infpection is over, the colonel forms the battalion, and caufes it to perform any exercife or manoeuvres the infpedor thiaks proper to
order.

INSTRUCTIONS.
Injlrutlions for the

Commandant of a Regiment-

ftate having entrufled him with the care of a regiment, his greateft ambition fhould be to have it at To all times and in every refpecY as complete as poffible do which, he fhould pay great attention to the following
;

THE
:

objects

The

prefervation of the foldier&health fhould be his

;

firfl

and greateft care and as that depends in a great meafure on their cleanlinefs and manner of living, he rnuft have a
watchful
fpecls

eye over officers of companies, that the they pay the necefTary attention to their men in.thofe re.-

The only means- of keeping the foldiers in order is, fo have them continually under the eyes of their fuperiors ; for which reafon the commandant fhould ufe the utmoft feverity to prevent their ftraggling from their companies, and'never fuffer them to leave the regiment without being under the care of a non-commiffioned officer, except in cafes of neceffity. And in order to prevent any man's being abfent from the regiment without his knowledge, he muft often count the files, and fee that they agree with the re-

68
turns delivered him,ftriclly obliging' every man returned for duty to appear under arms on all occafions } and if any are miffing, he mull oblige the commanding officer of the company to account for their abfence. In a word,the
fit

commandant ought
every

to

know upon what duty and where

is.

man

of his regiment

To

thefe points the

other

muft alfo pay attention. The choice of non commiffioned officers is alfo an object of the greateft importance the order and difcipline of a regiment depends fo much upon their behaviour, that too much care cannot be taken in prefering none to that trull but thofe who by their merit and good conduct are entiHonefty, fobriety, and a remarkable attention tled to it. to every point of duty, with a neatnefs in their drefs, are indifpenfable requisites ; a fpirit to command refpect and obedience from the men, and expertnefs in performing every part of the exercifc, and an ability to teach it, are abfolutely neceflary nor can aferjeantor corporal be faid to be qualified who does not write and read in a tolerable manner.
field officers
:

Once every month the commandant fhould make a general inflection of his regiment, examine into the (late of the men, their arms, ammunition, and accoutrements, neceffaries, camp-utenfils, and every thing belonging to the
regiment, obliging the

commanding
month

officers (5f

companies

to account flrietly for all deficiencies.

He

fnouldvlfo once every

affemble the fieldofficers

and the eldeft captain, to hold a council of adminiftration in which fhould be examined the booksof the fevcral companies, the pay-inafter and quarter-mafter, to fee that all receipts and deliveries are entered in proper order, and the
of the regiment duly adminiftered All returns of the regiment being figned by the commanding officer,he fhould examine them with the greateft care before he fuffers them to go out of his Lands. The commandant muft always march and encamp with his regiment nor muft he permit any officer to lodge out of camp, or in a houfe except in cafe of ficknefs. On a march he muft keep his regiment together as much
affairs
;

as poffible, and not fuffer the officers to leave their platoons without his permiffion nor permit any of them, on
;

any pretence whatfoeverj to mount on horfeback.

There

%
no fatigue the foldiersgo through that the officers fhould not (hare ; and on all occafions they fhould fet theip examples of patience and perfeverauce. When a regiment is on a march, the. commandant will order a ferjeant and fix men .into the rear, to bring up all ftraggiers; and the ferjeant on his arrival in camp or quai> ters, muft make his report to him.. In a word, the commanding officer of a regiment muft preferve the ftricteft difcipline & order in his corps, obliging every officer to a ftric"t performance ot his duty, without relaxing in the fm ailed point puniihing impartially the faults that are committed, without difiinclion of rank or
5s
;

fervice.

Injlruttions for the

Major.

charged with the difci* pline, arms, accoutrements, cloatbing, and generally, with the whole interior management and economy of the

THE

major

is

particularly

regiment.

have a watchful eye over the officers", and odo their duty on every occafion ; he muft often caufe them to be exercifed in his pretence, and inftrucl them how to command their platoons and preferve
blige

He mud
them

to

their tfiftances.

muft endeavour to make his regiment perform their exercife & manoeuvres with the greaieft vivaeiiy and precifion, examine often the ftate of the different companies, making the captains anfwer for any deficiencies he may perceive, and reporting the fame to the colonel. He muft pay the greateft attention to have all orders executed with the ftri&eft punctuality, fo far as refpe&s his regiment; and mould every week examine the adjutant and quarter-mailer's books,and fee that all returns,order6, and other matters,the objects of their refpe&ive duties are
regularly entered He muft caufe to be kept a regimental book, wherein fhould be entered the name and rank of every officer, the date of his commiffion,& the time he joined the regiment, the name and defcription of every non-commiffioned officer and foldier, his trade or occupition, the place of his
birth

He

and ufual

refidence, where,

when and

for

what term

70
he was enltfted
copies of
all

difcharges, furloughs and' courts martial, returns, and every cafualty that happen-, in the
;

regiment.

He mud be at all times well acquainted with the ftrength of his regiment and brigade, and the details of the army, and fee that his regiment furnifhes no more than its propoi tion for duty.

He muft often infpeft the detachments for duty furnifhed by his regiment,fee that they are complete in every refpect and formed agreeably to the regulation?. On a march he muft often ride along the flanks of his regiment, fee that the platoons march in order, and keep
their proper diftances.

When the regiment is detached, he will poft the guards ordered by the colonel, often vifit them, examine whether the officers, non-commiffioned officers and fentinels are acquainted with their duty, and give them the neceflary inftructions.

InJlruBions for the Adjutant.

adjutant is to be chofen from among the fubalterns, the field officers taking care to nominate one the mod intelligent and beft acquainted with the fervice. He muft keep an exact detail of the duty of the officers & non-commiffioned officers of his regiment, taking care to regulate his roller in fuch a manner as not to have too many officers or non-commiffioned officers of the fame company on duty at the fame time. He muft keep a book, in which he muft every day take the general and other orders, and {hew them to the commanding officer of the regiment, who having added thofe he thinks neceffary for the regiment, the adjutant muft affemble the firft ferjeants of the companies, make them copy the orders, and give them their details for the next day. He muft attend the parade at the turning out of all guards or detachments, infpeft their drefs, arms, accoutrements and ammunition, form them into platoons or feetions,and conduct them to the general or brigade parade. .When the regiment parades for duty or exercife, he muft count it off, and divide it into divisions and platoons, and carry the orders of, the colonel where ncceifary.

THE

The
officers

adjutant

is

to receive -no orders

r.'Ie

but from the

field

and

officer

commanding a battalion.
is

along the flanks of the regiment obferved, and mult pay attention to the ferjeant in the rear, that he brings up all ftraglers. On the arrival of the regiment in camp, his fir ft care is to form and fend off the guards ; and when the tents are pitched.he muft immediately order out the neceffary number of fatigue men to dig the vaults or finks, and open
to fee that regularity

On

march he muft

communications where neceffary. He will then form the detichments for wood, water and other neceffaries. He muft be conftantly with the regiment, ready to receieve and execute any orders that may come ; nor muft he go from his tent without leaving an officer to do his duty, or directions where he may be found.

InjlruBions for the Quarter- Mafier.

quarter-mafter, being charg-d with encamping at all times acquainted with its Itrength, that. he may require no more

THE

and quartering the regiment, ihouid be

is

have more tents pitched than which he is accountable. He muft inform the regiment where to fetch their wood, water "and other neceffarics, and where to pafture the horfes. He muft inftruct the quarter-mafter ferjeant and pioneers -in the manner of laying out the camp, agreeably to the

ground than
the

neceffary, nor
;

number

prefcribed

for both

order prefcribed in the regulations. He is anfwerable for the cleanlinefs of the camp, and that the foldiers make no fire any where but in the kitchens.
-

When

the

army marches, he muft conduft

the pioneers

to the place appointed, and order the quarter-mafter ferjeant

to

take charge of the baggage. is to make out all returns for camp equipage, arms, accoutrements, ammunition, provifions and forage, and receive and diftribute them to the regiment, taking the neceffary vouchers for the delivery, and entering all receipts and deliveries in a book kept by him for that purpofe.

He

He
the
flores

muft pay particular attention to the prefervation of

camp equipage, caufe the neceffary repairs to be done when wanting, and return every thing unfit for ufe to tbe
from which he drew them.

72
prefervation of the arms, accoutrements & ammuruof fuch efiential importance, that he rtluft be ftri&ly attentive to have thofe of the (ick, of the men on furlough, difcharged, or detached on command without arms, taken care of and depofited with the brigade conductor, as di-

The

tion

is

reeled in the regulations.

InJlruHions for the Captain.

of the company charge. He mtift pay the greateft attention to the health of his men, their

CAPTAIN

cannot be too

cnrefttl

the ftate has

committed

to his

difcipline,
neceflaries.

arms, accoutrements, ammunition, clothes and

object mould be, to gain the Iove-ef his men, by them with ev*ry poffible kindneA and humanity, enquiring into their complaints, and when well founded, feeing them redrefled. He mould know every man of his company by name and character.) He fhould often vi fit
,

His

firft

treating

thofe who are fick, fpeak tenderly to them, fee that the public provifion, whether of medicine or diet, is duly adminiftered, and procure them befides fuch comforts and conveniencies as are in his power. The attachment that arifes from this kind of attention to the fick and wounded, is almoft inconceivable ; it Will moreover be the means of preferving the lives of many valuable men. He muft divide his company into four fquads, placing

each under the particular care of a non-commiffioned officer, who is to be anfwerable for the drefs and behaviour of the men of his fquad. He muft be very particular m the daily and weekly infpeclions of his men, caufing all deficiencies to be immediand when he difcovers any irregularity i ately fupplied the drefs or conduct of any foldier, he -muft not only punifh him, but the non-commiffioned officer to whofe fquad he
;

belongs.

He muft keep a ftritt eye over the conduct of the noncommiffioned officers ; oblige them to do their duty with and ufe every pofnble mean to keep the greateft exactnefs up a proper fubordination between them and the foldiers For which reafon he'muft never rudely reprimand tbem in prefence oflhe men,but at all times treat them with p; op;

er refpetf.

73

He muft pay the utmoft attention to every thing which contributes to the health of the men, & oblige them to keep themiclves and every thing belonging to them in the greateft cleanlinefs and order. He muft nevef fuffer a man who has any infectious disorder to remain in the company, but fend him immediately to the hofpitai, or other place provided for the reception of fuch patients,to prevent thefpreadAnd when any man is fick, or othering of the infection. wife unfit for duty, or abfent, he muft fee that his arms and accoutrements are properly taken care of, agreeably to the regulations prefcribed. He muft keep a book, in which muft be entered the name; and defcription of every non-commtflioned officer andfoldier of his company ; his trade or occupation ; the place of his birth and ufual residence ; where, when and for what term he infilled ; difcharges, furloughs, copies of all returns, and every cafualty that happens in the company. He muft alio keep an account of all arms, accoutrements, ammunition, clothing, neceftaries and camp equipage delU vered his company, that on infpecting it he may be able to difcover any deficiencies. When the company arrive at their quarters after a march, he muft not difmifs them till the guards are ordered out, and, if cantoned, the billets distributed, which muft be as near together as pofllble ; and he muft ftriclly prohibit his men from vexing the inhabitants,and caufe to be puniftied any that offend in that refpect. He muft acquaint them with the hours of roll-eall and going for pnrvifions, with their alarm port, and the hour of
in the morning. If the company make any ftay in a place, he muft, previous to their marching, infpect into their condition, examine their knapfacks, and fee that they carry nothing but what is allowed, it being a material object to prevent the foldicr loading himfelf with unnecefiary baggage.

march

TH
felf

InflruBionsfor the Lieuknant.

lieutenant, in the abfence of the captain, commands the company, and fhould therefore make him-

acquainted with the duties of that ftation ; he muft alfo be perfectly, acquainted wish the duties of the non-commiflioned officers and foldiers, and fee them performed with
the greatcft exactnefs.


74

He
Jiis

fhould endeavour to gain the love of his men, by attention to every tiling which may contribute to their

health and convenience. He fliould often vilit them at different hours ; infpeft into their manner of living ; fee that their provifions are good and well cooked, and as far as poffible oblige them to take their meals at regulated hours.

He fliould pay attention to their complaints, and when well founded, endeavour to get them redrefTed but difcouragc them from complaining on every frivolous occafion. He muft not fufFer the foldicrs to be ill treated by the non-commifhoned officers through malevolence, or from any pique or refentment ; but muft. at the fame time be careful that a proper degree of fubordinaticn is kept up between them. Although no officer fhould be ignorant of the fervice of the guards, yet it particularly behoves the lieutenant to be perfectly acquainted with that duty he being oftener than any other officer entr lifted with the command of a guard a truft of the higeft importance, on the faithful execution of which the'fafety of an army depends ; and in which the officer has frequent opportunities to diftinguifh himfelf by his judgment, vigilance and bravery.
;
;

TH

Inftruclions for the Enfign. Eenfign is in a particular manner charged with the cleanlinefs of die men, to which he muft pay the
the

greateft attention.

When

company parades, and

whilft the captain

and

lieutenant are examining the arms and accoutrements, th enfign muft infpecT: the drefs of the foldiers, obferving whether they are clean, and every thing about them in the

and duly noticing any who in thefe refpe&s are deficient. He muft be very attentive to the conduct of the noncommiffioned officers, obferving that they dotheir duty with the greateft exactnefs that they fupport a proper authority and at the fame time do not ill treat the men through any pique or refentment. As there are only two colours to a regiment, the enfigns muft carry them by turns, beinw warned for that fervice by the adjutant. When on that duty, they Ihould con fide r the importance of the truft repofed in them ; and when
beft order poffible,
;

75
in atfion,refolve
lives.

not to part with the colours but with their

the battalion drefl'es when march-

Asitisbythem
line,

ing in

they fhould be very careful to keep a regular flep, and by frequent practice accuftom themfelves to march ftraight forward to any given object. Injlruflions for the Serjeant Major.
ferjant major, being at the head of the non-commiffioned officers, muft pay the greateft attention to their conduct and behaviour, never conniving at the lead irregularity committed by them or the foldiers, from both of whom he muft exact the molt implicit obedience. He

THE

mould be well acquainted with the interior management and difcipline of the regiment, and the manner of keeping rofters and forming details.. He muft always attend the parade, be very expert in counting off the battalion. and in
every other bufinefs of the adjutant, to
tiffiftant.

whom

he

is

an

InflruHionsfor the Quarter Majler Serjeant.

HE

is an affiftant to the quarter-mafterof the regiment, and in his abfence is to do his duty.unlefs an officer
:

be fpecially appointed for that purpofe He ihould therefore acquaint himfelf with all the duties cf the quartermafter before mentioned. When the army marches he muft fee the tents properly packed and loaded, and go with the baggage,fee that the waggoners commit no, diforders, and that nothing is loft out of the waggons.

InJlruBions for the Firfi Serjeant cf a Company.

having acquired that degree of confident be appointed firft ferjeant of th e company, fhould confider the importance of his office ; that the difcipline of the company,the conduct ci the men, their exactnefs in obeying orders and the regularity of their manners, will in a great meafure depend on his vifoldier

THE
of

his officers as to

gilance.

He

fhould be intimately acquainted with the character

of every foldier of the company, and fhould take great

pains to imprefs

upon

their

minds the indifpenfable

necef-

;6_
fityofthc ftricteft obedience, as the foundation of order and regularity. He will keep the details of the company, and never warn a man out of his turn,, unlefs particularly ordered fo
to do.

a book kept by him and fhew them to his officers. He mud every morning make a report to the captain of the ftate of die company, in the form prefcribed and at the fame time acquaint him with any thing material that may have happened in the company fince the preceding
for that purpofe,
;

He mud

take the daily orders in

report.

parade all guards and detachments furnifhed company, examine their arms, ammunition, accoutrements and drefs, before lie carries them to the parade j and if any man appears unfit, he muft fupply his place with another, and have the defaulter punched For this purpofe he muft always warn a man or two more than ordered, to ferve as a referve, who, if not wanted, will relay his
:

He muft

turn to their companies. He will keep the oompany book (under the infpection of thex^ptain)in which ke will enter the name and defection of every non-commiffioned officer andfoldier; his trade and occupation; the place of his birth and ufual refidence; where, when and for what term he was enlifted; the bounty paid him ; the arras, ammunition, accoutrements, clothing and neceffaries delivered him, with their marks and numbers, and the times when delivered ; alfo copies of all returns, furloughs, difcharges, and every cafualty
that happens in the company.

When
the
firft

each foldier
is

fliall

be provided with a

fcrjeant

to enter therein the folder's

fnaall book name,a copy

of his inliftment,the

bounty paid him, the arms, accoutrements, clothing and neceffaries delivered him, with their marks and numbers : For this purpofe he muft be prefent and as often as arms, nt all distributions in his company clothing; ifjc are delivered, he muft enter them in die foldier's as well as the company's book. The firft ferjeant is not to go on any duty, unlefs with the whole company; but is to be always in camp or quarters, to anfwer any call diat may be made. He is never to lead a platoon or iection, but is always
;

77
to be ty

file

being

m the company like the adjutant's in the regiment.

officers that the disci-

clofer In the formation of the

company,

his

du-

InJlruHionsfor the Serjeants and Corporals.

great meafure depend, they cannot be too circumfpect in their behaviour towards the men, by treating them with mildnefs, and at the fame time obliging every one to do his duty. By ain a

being on the non-commiflioned ITpline and order of a company

too great familiarity with the men, they will not only gain their love and confidence, but be treated with a proper refpecl ; whereas by a contrary conduct they forfeit all regard, and their authority becomes de/pifed. Each ferjeant and corporal will be in a particular manner anfwerable for the fquad committed to his care. He muft

voidmg

pay particular attention to

their conduct in every refpecl:

that they keep themfelves and their arms always clean j that they have their effects- always ready, and put where they can get them immediately, even in the dark, without

confufion

and on every

fine

day he muft oblige them to

air their effects.

When a man of his fquad is warned for duty, he muft examine him before he carries him to the parade, obliging him to take all his effects with him, unlefs when Specially
patience,
firft

muft exercife all their by no means abufmg them, but treating them with mildnefs, and not expect too much precifion in the
leffons,

ordered to the contrary. In teaching the recruits, they

punifhing thofe only

who

are wilfully negli-

gent.

Thsy muft fupprefs all quarrels and difputes in the company, and where other means fail, muft ufe their authority in confining the offender. They fliould teach the foldiers of their fquads how to drefs with a foldier-like air,how to clean their arms, accoutrements, &c. and how to mount and difmount their firelocks ; for which purpofe each non-commiffion?d officer fhould always be provided with a turnferew, and fuffer no foldier to take his arms to pieces without his permiffion.

On a march the non-commiflioned officres muft preferve order and regularity, and fuffer no man to leave the rank3 without permiffion of the officer commanding the plat2 oon.

t8

A corporal mud teach the fentinels to challenge

a"Qd every thing elfe they are to

brifkly

tions

and when he

relieves

do in their different fituathem,muft make them deliver

the orders diftinctly.

When a guard is relieved, the non-commiffioned officer$ take the orders from thofe whom they relieve ; when fent
to vifit the fentries, they fhoul'd inftrucl

them

in their duty.

They

fhould reconnoitre the roads they are to patrol in the night, that they may not lofe themfelves. They mult make their patrol with the greateft filence and atten^on, and where neceffary, fend a faithful fcldier a-head to look out. If they meet a detachment of the enemy ftronger than their own, they muft retreat in order to their own port:. In the night they muft flop all ftrangers that approach. They muft not fuffer their men to make the lead noife with their arms or accoutrements, and every now and then ftop and liften. On their return from patrolling, they muft report to the officer what they have feen or heard. When a non-commi (Honed officer is a file-clofer in action, he muft take care to keep the ranks and files properly doled, and when too much crowded,makc them incline from the centre. When the files of his platoon are difordered by the lofs of men,he muft exert himfelf to drefs and complete

them afrefh, with the utmoft expedition. He muft ktc? the greateft filence in the ranks,fee that the men load He will do all in his well and quick, and take good aim. power to encourage the foldiers, and ufe the moft vigorous means to prevent any from leaving the ranks, unlefs
wounded.
JnflruBions for the private, Soldier. recruit having received his necelTaries, fhould
firft

THE
like air
;

in the

place learn to drefs himfelf with a foldier

to place his effects properly in his knapfack, fo as to carry them with eafe and convenience ; how to falute

his linen

arms, wafh fhould early accuftom himfelf to drefs in the night ; and for that purpofe always have his effects in his knapfack, and that placed
his officers

when he meets them

and cook

to clean his

his provifions.

He

Vhere he can put

of alarm he parade.

his

hand on

it

in

moment,

that in cafe

may

repair with the greateft alertnefs to the

learning to march , he muft take the greateft pains acquire a firm ftep and a proper balance, practifing He muft accuftom himhimfelf at all his leifure hours. felf to the greateft. fteadinefs under arms, to pay attention to the commands of his officers, and exercife himfelf continually with his firelock, in order \ to acquire vivacity in He muft acquaint himfelf with the ufual his. motions.
to

When

'

beats

and

fignals of the
in the ranks,

drum, and

When
Ills

he

mud

right and left hand men able to find his place readily in cafe of feparation. muft cover his file leader and drefs well in his rank, which he may be affured of doing when he can juft perceive the

inftantly obey them. always learn the names of and file leader, that he may be

He

bread of the third man from him. Having joined his company he muft no longer confider himfelf as a recruit, but as a foldier ; and whenever he is ordered under arms, muft appear well drefled,with his arms and accoutrements clean and in good order, and his knapfaek, blanket, ?;. ready to throw on his back in cafe he fhould be ordered to take them. When warned for guard, he muft appear as neat as poffible, carry all his effefts with him, and even when on He muft receive the fentry muft have them at his back. and when placed beorders from the fentry he relieves fore the guard-houfe, he muft inform the corporal of all that approach, and fuffer no one to enter until examined if he is polled at a diftance from the guard, he will march there in order, have the orders
;

well explained to him by the corporal, learn which is in cafe h& the neareft poft between him and the guard, commuihould be obliged to retire, or have any thing t and what he is to do in cafe of alarm or if in a
nicate,
;

He will never go of fire & any difturbance. more than twenty paces from his poft and if in a retired, to approach within place, or in the night, fuffer no one
town,
in cafe
;

ten paces of him.

arms,but keep walking be relieved on his poft ftop night.and the in brifkly challenge but by his corporal; counterfignj.and if any will not anthofe who have not the having been flopped Ihould fwer to the third challenge, or thm,. attempt to efcape, he may fire on
Afentinel muft never
reft

upon

his

He

muft never

fuffer himfelf to

8o

When on a patrol, h* muft obferve the ftri&eft filence, nor make the leaft noife with his arms or accoutrements. In action he will pay the greateft attention to the commands of his officers, level well, and not throw away his fire ; take particular care to keep his rank and file, incline to that fide he dreflcs to, and encourage his comrades to
do
their duty.

to march, he muft not charge himfelf with any unneceflary baggage ; he will march at his eafe, widioat however leaving his rank or file he fliould drink as feldom as poffible, and never ftop but when neceffity obliges him ; in which cafe he muft afic leave of the commanding officer of the platoon. When arrived at camp or quarters, he muft clean his arms, prepare his bed, & go forneceflaries, taking nothing without leave, nor committing any kind of excefs. He muft always have a ftopper for the muzzle of his gun in cafe of rain, and when on a march ; at which times he
;

When ordered

will unfix his bayonet.

6i

CONTENTS. A
C
II
P.
I.

PAGE.
3

Of the Arms and Accoutrements

of the Officers, Non-

commiffioned Officers and Soldiers,

If. Gbje&s with which the Officers and Non-commiiTioned Officers fhould be acquainted,

CHAP.
P.

ib.

G H A
Of the formation

III.

Of the Formation of a Company,

CHAP,

IV.
ib.

of a Regiment,

R A P. Of the InftrucYton of Recruits, C H A P.

C
The Exercife
of a.Company,

V.
5

VI.
1

jit.

i .

Of opening the

Ranks for Intpe&ton*

ib.

2. 3.

4.
5.

18 Of the firings, ib. Of the March, 19 Of Wheelings, Of breaking off & forming by thft'oblique flep, ib.

C H A
Esercife of a battalion,

P.
P..

VII
20

C H A
Of the points
of view,

VIII.
21

CHAP.

IX.

Of the Formation and

Difplaying of Columns, with the

22 method of changing Front, Art. 1. The clofe Column formed on the Ground ib. by the Right, the Right, in Front, 2. The Difplay of a Column formed by the
Right, the Right
3.

in

Front,

ib.

4.
5.
6.

The clofe Column formed on the Ground 23 by the Left, the Left in Front, Difplay of aColumn formed by the Left,the
Left in Front,
ib*

The clofe Column formed on

the Centre, or

7.

tV fifth Platoon, the Right in Front, Difplay of a Column having the Right in 24 Fxont, from the Centre or fifth Platoon,^ The clofe Column formed by the Right,

the Ri~ht in Front, difpiayed to the Right, 25

82
clofe Column formed by the Left, the Left in Front, difplayed to the Left, 25 9. Of opening Columns, to. 1 o. Of changing the Front of a Line, 27
8.

The

X. Of the March of Columns, Art. 1. The march of an open Column,

2.

CHAP.

ib.
ilk

3.

Columns changing the Direction of March, PafTage ofa Defile by a Column*

their

4.

A Column

#, 28
ib,

croffing a Plain liable to be atits

tacked by Cavalry,
5.

A Column marching by

CHAP.

Fiank,

29

XI.

Of the March in Line, Art. 1. The March to the Front, 2. Of the Charge with Bayonets,
3.

ib.

Method of patting any Obstacle in Front of a Line, ft 4. PafTage of a Defile in Front, by Platoons, ib. 5. PafTage of a Defile in Front, by Files, 32
t

31

6. 7.

Of

the

March

in Retreat,

ib.

PafTage
toons,

of a Defile in Retreat,

by

Pla-

ib.

jpt

PafTage of a Defile in Reireat, by Files. 33 9. Method of paffing the fornt Line to the
8.

Rear,

CHAP.

,*

XII.
#,

Of the Difpofition
Brigades,

of the Field-pieces attached to the

CHAP.

XIII.
*

Of the Firings, Art. 1. Firing by

2.
3.

battalion,

#.
to.

Firing by Divifions and Platoons, Firing advancing,

a<5

Of the March
Of the

CHAP. Armv CHAP. Baggage on March, CHAP.

of an a
of laying out a

4. Firing retreating,

H,

XIV.
/

or Corp?,

XV^o

XVI
Camp, with

The manner

the Order of

Encampment,

4^

1 1

C
Manner of

HA

J3
P.

XVII
43

entering a

CHAP.

Camp,

XVIII.

NecefTary Regulations for preferving Order and Clcanlinefs in the Camp, 44

Of Roll-Calls,
Of

CHAP. CHAP.

XIX.
47

XX.
ib.

the Infpecuon of the Men, their Drefs, Neceffaries, Arms, Accoutrements and Ammunition,
different Beats of the

Of the

CHAP. XXI. Drum, CHAP. XXII.

4? 49

Of the Service of the Guards, Art. 1. Of the different Guards, 2. Of the Grand Parade,
3.

with their Ufe,

Sentinels,

ib.

Of relieving Guards and

Inftructioris to Officers

54
56

4.
5.

on Guard,

Method of going and

receiving die

Grand

6.

Rounds, 59 Honors due fromGeneralOfficers &others, 6 c

CHAP.
C

XXIIL
with the Methods

Of the Arms and Ammunition,

of prefer vir.g them.

62 P.

H A

XXIV
64

Of the
Of

Treatment of the Sick,

CHAP.

XXV.
65

Reviews,
1.

Art.

2.

,Of Reviews of Parad e i Of Reviews of Infpe&ion,

Instructions for the

Commandant of a' Regiment,

for the Major,

for the Adjutant,

66 67 69 70
7

for the Quarter Mafter,

for the Captain, for the Lieutenant,
for the Enfign,
_

72 73

74
75
ib.
ib.

for the Serjant Major, for the Qaarter-Mafter Serjeant, for the fir It Serjeant of a Company,
for the Serjeants

and Corporals,

for the private Soldier,

77 78

Explanation <9/7/tf Plates.

Plat*
I.

Figure

i.

2. 3.

fhew the formation of a com-

pany and regiment.

gure
4.

Chap. Ill and IV,

Fidi-

and

5,

Wheeling by platoons or

vifions.

Chap. Vil.
1.

Plate
Plate

II.

Figure
view.

Forming

the line by the points

of

Chap.
a, 3,

VIII.
4, and
5,

II.

Figure

and Plate

III.

fhew

the different

ways of forming and difplaying

columns, as defcribed in Chap. IX. from Art.

1.

to Art. 9.
1.

Plate

IV.

Figure

A clofe

column changing

the di"

reckons of its march Chap. X. Art.

2.

Figure

2.

Paflage of a defile by a column.

5'.

Chap. X. Art.

Plate

V.. Figure

i.

Paflage of a defile in front, by plat4.

files.

oons.

Chap. XI. Art.

2.

Figure

Paflage of a defile in front,by

c.

Chap. XI. Art.

Figure
3.

Paflage of a defile in retreat, by-

platoons.

Chap. XI. Art

7.

Plate. VI. Figure

t, 2.

Method of

pafling the front line

to the rear. Chap. XI.

Art.

9.

Figure

3,

The

pofitions of the

camp and

quarter guards.

Chap.

XVI. and Chap.

of a regiment,

XXII. Art.

1.

Plate VII. The order of encampment

confiding of two battalions.

Chap. XVI.
a regiment

Plate VIII. The order of encampment of

making
but one battalion.

Chap. XVI-

An Act
To provide for the National
by
eftablifhing

Defence,

an

UNIFORM MILITIA
Throughout the United
States.

Pajfedin Congrefs^May 1792*

An

ACT

7?i:rc ejtclually

U jprdvidefor
Uniform

the

National Dcf.n>e t
throughout
the

by

cftaUifolng
States.

an

Militia

UniLd
Sec.
I.

the refpeclive ftates, refident therein,who is or (hall be of the age of eighteen years and under the age of forty five ycan(except as is herein after excepted) (hall feverally

JL^

^ ^ ant eveIT XT ^ male citizen of

*

f ree

a ^le bodied white

and

refpecftively be enrolled in

by the Captain or commanding officer cf the company .within whofe bounds fuch citizen (hall refide, and that within twelve months after the palling of this Act. And it (hall at all times hereafter be the duty of every fuch captain or commanding officer of a company, to enroll every fuch citizen as aforefaid, and alfo thofe who ihal', from time to time, arrive at the age of 18 years, or beinat the age of 18 years, and under the age of 45 years (except as before excepted) (hall ccme to refide within -his bounds and (hall without delay notify fuch citizen of the faid enrolment, by a proper noa-commiffioned officer of the company, by whom fuch notice may be proved.
the militia,
;

fix

That every citizen, fo enrolled and notified. (hall, within months thereafter, provide himfelf with a good' mufket or firelock, a fufficient bayonet and b'elt,two fpare flints, and a knapfack, a pouch with a box therein to contain not lefs

than twenty four cartridges, fuited to the bore of his mulket or firelock, each cartridge to contain a proper quantity

of powder and ball or with a good rifle, knapfack, diet pouch, and powder horn, twenty balls fuited to the bore of his rifle, and a quarter of a pound of powder and (hall appear fo armed, accoutred and provided, when called out to exercife or into fervice, except, that when called out 011 company days to exercife only, he may appear without a That the commiflioned officers (hall feverally' knapfack. be armed with a fword or hanger, and. efpontcon and that from and after five years from the patting of this .act,.' all mufkets for arming the militia as is herein required., (hail be of bores fufficient for balls of the eighteenth part of a pound ; and every citizen fo enrollec, and providing himfelf with the arms, ammunition and accoutrements rcqui
;
;

88
red as aforefaid,fhall hold the Tame exempted from all fuits, diftrefles, executions or fales, for debt or for the payment of taxes.
'

Sec, 2. And be il further enafled, That the vice Prefident of the United States the officers, judicial and executive,
;

'

of the government of the United States the members of both houfes of Congrefs, and their refpective officers all cuftom houfe officers, with their clerks all port officers, and ftagedrivers who are employed in the care and conveyance of the mail of the poft. office of the United State;; all ferrymen employed at any ferry on the poft road all infpedors of exports; all pilots all mariner? actually employed in the fea fervice of any citir.en or merchant within the United States; and all perfons who now are or may" be hereafter exempted by the laws of the refpective ftates, (hall be and art hereby exempted from militia duty, notwithftanding their being above the age of eighteen and under the age of forty five years. Sec. 3. And be it further e/iaf}ed,Th?it within one year after the palling of this act, the militia of the refpective ftates fhall be arranged into divifions, brigades, regiments, battalions, and companies, as the legiilator of each ftate fhall direct ; and each divifion, brigade, and regiment, fhall be numbered at the formation thereof and a record m^de of fuch numbers in the adjutant general's office in the
; ; ; ; ;
:

in the field, or in fervice in the ftate, brigade, and regiment ftiall, refpeftively, take rank according to their numbers, reckoning the firft That if the fame be or loweft number higheft in rank.
ftate
:

and when

each

divilio'n,

convenient, each brigade fhall conf:ft of four regiments ; each battalion of five each regiment of two battalions companies; each company of fixty four privates. That the faid militia (hall be officered by the refpective ftates, as follows : To each divifion one major general with two aids to each brigade, one de camp, with the rank of major brigadier general with one brigade infpeotor, to ferve alfo to each as a brigade major, with the rank of a major regiment,one lieutenant colonel commandant and to each to each company, one captain, one battalion one major lieutenant, one enfign, four ferjeants, font corporals, ore drummer, and one fifer or bugler. That there ihall be i regimental Raff, to confift of one adjutant, and on
;
5

quartermafter, to rank as lieutenants ; one paymaster one furgeon, and one furgeon's mate ; one ferjeant major one drum mwjor, and one fife major.
Sec. 4. And he itfurther enatledy That out of the militia enrolled as is herein directed, there fhall be formed for each battalion rat leatft one company of grenadiers, light infantry or riflemen ; and that to each divifton there mail be at lead, one company of artillery, and one troop of horfe:

There (hall be to each company of artillery, one captain, two lieutenants, four ferjeants, four coporals, fix gunners, fix bombardiers, one drummer, and or.efifer. Theofficers to be armed with a fword or hanger, a fuzee, bayonet and
belt,

with a cartridge

box to contain twelve cartridges,

all

& each private or m.urofsfti illfurnifli himfidf with

the e-

quipments of a private inthe infantry, till proper ordinance andSeldartilleryisprovided. There (hall beto eachtroop of .horfe, one captain, two lieutenants, one cornet, four fer.jeants,four coporals, one fadler,one farrier, and one trumpeter. The commiffioned officers to furnifh themfelves with good horfes, of at lead fourteen hands and an half high, and to be armed with a fword, and pair of piftols, the holiters of which to be covered with bearfkin caps. Each dragoon to furnifh himfelf with a ferviceable horfe.at leaft fourteen hands and an half high,a good faddle,bridle, mailpillion and valife,hoftlers, arjd a breaft-plate and crupper, a pair of boots and fpurs, n pair of piftols, a fabre, and
eartouch-box, to contain twelve cartridges for piilols. That each company of artillery and troop of horfe {hall be formed of volunteers from the brigade,at the di rcretion of the commander in chief of the ftate,not exceeding on company of each to a regiment, nor more in number than one eleventh part of the infantry, and (hall be uniformly cloathed in regimentals, to be furnifhed at their own e::pence the colour and falhion to be determined by the brigadier commanding the brigade to which they belong. bee. 5. And be it further enafted, That each battalion and regiment fhall be provided with the (late and regimental colours by the rk-ld officers,, and each company with a drum and fife or bugle horn* by the commiffioned officers of the company, in fuch manner as the legislature of the
;
.

t^fpeclive fiatps (hall

direft.

Sec. 6. Anil: li further tn<*8ed, That there mail be on adjutant general appointed in each ftate, vvhofe duty it fhall be to distribute all orders from the commander in chief of the ftate to the feveral corps ; to attend all publick reviews, when the commander in chief oi~ the

review the militia, or any part thereof; to from him relative to carrying into execution, and perfecting, the fyftem of military difcipline eftabliihed by this acl to furnifh blank forms of diffenrfit returns that may be required and to explain the principles on which they fhould be made to recieve from the feveral officers of the different corps throughout the ftate, returns of the militia under their command, rcporting the adtual fituation of their arms, accoutrements, and ammunition, their delinquencies, and every other thing which relates to the general advancement of good Order and difcipline All which, the feveral officers of the divifons, brigades, regiments, and battalions are hereby required to make in the ufual manner, fo that the faid adjutant general may be duly furnifhed therewith : From alt which returns he fhall make proper abftradls, and lay the fame annually before the commander in chief of the ftate. Sec 7. Andbe it further enaftsd,Thz.\. the rules of difcipline
ftate
(hall

obey

all

orders

ved and eftablifhed by Congrefs in their refolutien, .ty -ninth of March, one thoufand feven hundred and ftvenry ninodhall be the rules of difcipline to be obferved b ighout the United -States, except ules as may be rendered neCeffuch devia fary by the rs< lis a^, or by fome other unavoidable circui. hall be the duty of the commanding ofiicei .:t every mufteir, whether by battalion, to caufe the militia to be exregiment or ftngle c ercifed and trained agreeably to the faid rules of difcipline.

Sec.
ofiio-rs

8.

And
;

(hall

comuoiftions equal date, then their rank to be determined by lots, to It drawn by them before the commanding officer of the biigade, regiment, battalion, company or detachn?-cnt.

bs it further e?iacled, That all commifnoncd take rank according to the date of their and when two cf the fame grade bear an

9*
Sec. 9. And be it further enatted, That if any perfon, whether officer or foldier, belonging to the militia of any ftate, and called out into the fervice of the United States,

be wounded or difabled while in actual fervice, he fhall be taken care of and provided for at the publick expenfe. Sec. 10 And be it further enaSlcd, Tnat it fhall be the duty of the brigade infpecior, to attend the regimental and battalion meetings of the militia compofing their feveral brigades, during the time of their being under arms, to infpect their arms, ammunition and accoutrements fuperintend their exercife and manoeuvres, and
;

introduce the fyftem of military difeipline before defcribed throughout the brigade, agreeable to law, and fuch orders as they {hall, from time to time receive from the commander in chief of the ftate ; to make returns to the adjutant general of the ftate, at lead once in every year of the militia of the brigade to which he belongs, reporting therein the actual fituation of the arras, accoutrements and ammunition of the feveral corps and every other thing which, in his judgment may relate to their government and the general advancement of good order and and the adjatant-general fhall make military difeipline a return of all the militia of the. ftate, to the commander in chief of the faid ftate, and a duplicate of the fame to the Prefident of theUnlted States. And whereas fundry corps of artillery, cavalry and infantry, now exift in feveral of the faid ftates, which by the laws, cuftoms, or ufages thereof, have not been incorporated with, or fubject to the general regulations of
;

the militia ; Sec. if. Be

it

enafled,

That fuch corps

retain their ac-

cuftomed
militia.

privileges, fubject:, nevertheless, to all other duties required by this act, in like manner with the other

Approved,

May

Sth, 1792.

GEORGE WASHINGTON,
Prefident oftfc United States.