APUSH Chapter 4 Non-Trad

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1.

"Lay Exhorting" "New Light Preachers"/"Strolling Preachers"

-Any person may preach the Lord's truth -Were religious -Whitefield -Preachers led by Samuel Davis -Clergymen reported that many were "strolling preachers" -They were despised by Evangelicals -The people in the "middle rungs" of the social ladder could move up on the western side of the Atlantic. -People lived to see their sons live in a world with room at the top of the ladder. -Basically same thing -Women rarely a widow for long -Created large intertwined families -Idea from 1750's -Said slavery contradicted with the Christian concept of brotherhood and the natural equality of all humans. -Masters authority "depraved the mind" -Contracted to ship large quantities of wheat to Caribbean -Higher profits gave great wealth to Boston -As late as the 1730, only hunters and Native American fur traders went into the upland back country from Pennsylvania to Georgia -Attracted nearly half of the South's population -Was isolated -Settlers endured poor diet, endless work, and meager rewards -Climbed the ladder of success -Ran away to Philadelphia -Wrote Poor Richard's Almanac -Having two parts/houses -People wanted to protect rights and privileges -Charles Knowles -Brought Royal navy ships to Boston -Replenish ranks of mariners -Fill mission population of crewmen -Caused deaths and seizing officers -Threatened to combard the town of Boston

11.

Colonial Taverns

2.

-Attracted people daily -Social, political, and economic affair -Political meetings -Settle bills, discussed deals, and sell and trade slaves -Most towns had one -Conflict preceded the arrival of Europeans. -Natives now took sides in European affairs. Corporate view: -Operated according to what was fair, not what was profitable Colonial view: -Government should provide for general welfare -Regulating prices and wages -Setting quality controls -Supervising public markets

12.

Conflict between tribes

3.

"Shipboard Mobility"

13.

Corporate view of society vs. colonial view of economic life

4.

"Woman and Wife"

5.

Abolitionist sentiment

14.

Cotton Mather Differing roles of women in the colonies vs. in Europe

6.

Andre Belcher

-A prominent New England clergyman Europe: -Narrow roles -Few complained -Housewifery/Midwifery -No church, politics, schooling, legal voice -Land transferred to husbands -1 out of 10 do not wed Both: -Below men -Viewed as weak in the mind, but strong in the heart

15.

7.

Back country life

8.

Benjamin Franklin

16.

Distribution of land in the Northern colonies

9.

Bicameral legislatures Boston's Impressment Riot of 1747

10.

-Communities organized in groups of a few thousand -Dotted around the land -Cut down forests for timber -Farm/land was at least 50 acres -Land was highly valued

17.

Effects of the Great Awakening

-Promoted religious pluralism -Denominations were equally legitimate -Legitimized Protestant groups -Gave a theory of living together for Protestant churches -Diversity could not be prevented -Demand for wood led to a swift depletion of forests near the coast -Summers became hotter and winters became colder -Caused soil erosion and drought -Native fur-bearing animals rapidly became extinct in areas of settlement. -Most people did not attend church -Catholics and Jews could not vote -Attempts to reform this discipline failed -Bring back fertility to the land -From 1750 to 1772 -Equality, liberty, reason, and right -Deep interest to those who were beginning to oppose slavery and slave trade abominations -Blacks outnumbered whites -Majority lived in New Orleans area -Simple cabins -Worked out under the sun -Some slave protection from courts -Slaves can buy their freedom -Inspired by John Weasly -Methodist -Thousands were gathered to hear his messages -Had great performance skills -From 1720 to 1760 -New England, middle colonies, and Virginia. -Revivals -Needed to be saved -17th century -Governors exercised greater power in relation to the elected legislatures -Could appoint and dismiss judges -"Power of purse"; initiate money bills -Specified that children of church members, if adhered to the "forms of godliness", might be able to join the church even if they hadn't gone under the conversion experience -Minor nobleman -A rank that was given out to persuade to settle in New Spanish

28.

How did the fur trade alter traditional Native American beliefs? Increasing gap between rich and poor

-Ignored age-old beliefs that hunters must never kill more animal than he needed and to animals with respect -Prevalent in 1720s -Devised new ways of helping the poor -Population growth -Spatial inequality -Top 5% increased assets from 30% to 50% -Bottom half saw share shrink form 10% to 4% -Criminal, political prisoners, debtors. -Fetching sugar, fish, furs, rice, tobacco, and forest products eastward. -Shipping conditions worsened -They were sold and traded -Many ran away -Though labor was cruel -Lowest rung of society -Iron implements, textiles, firearms, ammunition, and alcohol -Changed Indian lifeways -Turned subsistence hunting to commercial hunting -Exhausted the deer and beaver population -Women were now more involved. -Pelts were turned into robes -Preached daily on the Boston common area -Stirred up against Boston's leaders -Free black slave -Married to Kittihawa -Settled in Chicago -Arrested because British thought he was with American rebels -Laments that people were straying form the straight and narrow -Paths carved out by the founders of the Puritan colony -God had not predetermined human mind but allowed it to acquire knowledge -All enlightenment thinkers prized this "acquisition of knowledge" -Can be used to improve society

29.

18.

Environmental effects of the increasing number of settlers

19.

Fading faith

30.

Indentured servant's daily lives-

20. 21.

Fallow land Francois Voltaire and "issue of equality" French Black Legal Code

22.

31.

Introduction of European trade goods

23.

George Whitefield

32.

James Daveport

24.

Great Awakening

33.

Jean-Baptiste Point Du Sable

25.

Growing power of legislative assemblies Half-way Covenant

34.

Jeremiads

26.

35.

John Locke "Essay concerning Human Understanding"

27.

Hidalgo

36.

John Trenchard/Thomas Gordon

-Wrote ideologies and essays in newspapers to inform of Whig party's views -Found their way into private libraries and reprinted many times -Was from Massachusetts -Was the first major philosopher in the Great Awakening -British on the Eastern coast -French in the Midwest -Spanish mostly Southern and Southwest coast -All missions in Spanish controlled areas -Most forts in French influence and along rivers -Very informal -Not in a church -Kids were not baptized

43.

New Light Presbyterianism

37.

Jonathan Edwards

38.

Map

-Challenged the Anglican church -Addressed each other as brother and sister -Uneducated poor farmers and artisans -"Christ's poor" -Heaven was more populated by poor than by the rich -Rejected the gentry's social values -Common-folk -Weaken the cultural authority of the upper-class -1718 -Started by several hundred early French pioneers -7000 whites, 5000 African slaves -Mouth or delta of the Mississippi -Little town -Governor was the king's "agent" -Council composed of mostly wealthy appointees -Elected by all white free-holders -Bicameral Colonies -Owners of land -Men -Christian -Income of 40 shillings -Church membership England: -Poor -Propertyless

44.

New Orleans

39.

Marriage in the back country Mestizo Metissage

45. 40.

-Began to increase modestly in Texas, New Mexico, and California -Had Indian wives -Better relations with other native groups a. -Fleeing "God's three arrows" famine,war, and pestilence. -Promised cheap and fertile land -Low taxes -Freedom from military duty b. -German speakers -Protestant farmers -Scots-Irish -Between New York and South Carolina -A large number went to Pennsylvania c. -Protestant d. -Poor Farmers

Political balance in Colonial governments

41.

46.

Political process

42.

New Immigrants

47.

Poor Richard's Almanac

-Read and owned almost as much as the Bible -A commoner's guide to weather and other useful information White colonists -High rate of marriage -Larger families -Lower death rate than in England -Natural increase Black population -Natural increase -Formed families

48.

Population Boom (reasons for)

49.

Principles of mercantilism

Colonial exports: -Tobacco -Rice -Furs -Wheat -Timber products -Fish English exports: -Glass -Paper -Iron implements -Cloth Other parts of the world -Wine -Spices -Coffee -Tea -Sugar -Connected Great Britain, Western Europe, Africa, West Indies, and Newfoundland

55.

Role as wife and mother

Europeans: -Married in mid-twenties Colonies: -Married a few years earlier -Allowed them to make more children

56.

Samson Occom

-Christian -From Connecticut -Raised money for school for Natives -Created network of congressional churches in Connecticut -Some were autonomous -Most popular form of reading -20 to 30 pages were passed from family to family -Clergymen wrote sermons -Free blacks that paid emerged -Helped other slaves pay for their freedom -Started as an apprentice -Became a journeyman -Self employment -Master -Clergymen too intellectual -Only be assumed by those who took responsibility for themselves to gain their faith back -Shattered the clergymens' status -Was a bookseller in Boston -Smuggled tea -Married a rich merchant's daughter -Built a mansion on Beacon Hill -Many tribes had been in loose confederations of villages and clans. -Exercised local economy -Loyal to village rather than the confederacy -Adjusted to a more centralized leadership -Inherited form England -Enemy of liberty -Too much power to a group or person could cause tyranny or corruption -Balance, elected officials -Prohibition of standing armies -Reached through the newspapers int he colonial towns -New York -Defended by Andrew Hamilton -Claimed he was only informing people of attacks on libraries -Libel laws -Received much significance

57.

Saybrook Platform of 1708 Sermons

58.

59.

Simon Calfat Steps to becoming a master artisan The appeal of the Awakeners

60.

50.

Profound social transition

-Slaves replaced indentured servants -Farmers diversified crops as a result of the depressed tobacco market -Population structure changed; blacks when from 7% to 40% in 60 years -Was created as a "debtors' haven" -Buffer between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas -By 1710, 1.5 million pounds had been exported -Rice and indigo were the main exports -80 million pounds by the eve of the revolution -Slaves -Land -Horses -Constructed large Georgian mansions of plantations -Chesapeake planters -Hundreds of slaves -Thousands of acres -Worth tens of thousands of pounds

61.

62.

Thomas Hancock

51.

Reasons for the Georgia colony Rice exports

63.

Tribal political organization

52.

64.

Whig ideology

53.

Ritual displays of wealth define Southern gentry life

54.

Robert "King" Carter

65.

Zenger Case