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UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

CHILDREN IN HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL PROJECT

UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

TAUFIK HIDAYAT 0906551092

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE DEPOK JULY 2013

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

CHILDREN IN HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL PROJECT

UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Proposed as one of the requirements to achieve Bachelors Degree of Architecture

TAUFIK HIDAYAT 0906551092

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE DEPOK JULY 2013 !

! PREFACE

Thanks to our merciful God, without all the bless that I had received I would not be able to finish writing this thesis. I am writing this thesis is to fulfill the requirement to achieve my Architecture degree in the Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia. I do realize without the help of all my colleagues, from the moment I start my study, until writing this thesis, I would not be able to finish the thesis on my own. So, I would like to may my gratitude to: 1. Ir. Toga H Panjaitan A.A.Grad.Dipl., As my thesis advisor who already helped me a lot during my thesis, I would like to say I may come a little bit slow, but at the end you still trust me that I can finish the job I need to do. 2. Dr. Ir. Hendrajaya M.Sc as my academic advisor, I would like to say, you Sir, had helped me knowing what is architecture is all about, and make me believe that I can do anything that I want, as long I put my will into it. 3. Diane Valerie Wildsmith, AIA, RIBA and Dr. Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan, ST., M.Sc. as my board examiners, as because of them I could finish this thesis. 4. To my mom, dad and my sister, because of their support, I can go through all the challenges during my study and writing this thesis. 5. Dondis Family for all the helped that you gave me, let me stay in your home doing my thesis work, and all the support, I would not be able to finish my thesis. 6. Dondi, without your help at the end of my thesis, probably I need to postpone my graduate study and take the thesis again next semester, you had helped me a lot! 7. Wahyu, I would like to say thanks for all the helped that you gave to me, all the suggestion critics, and not to forget, for all the time that I have to stay at your place and ask for your help, thanks yu!

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! 8. Yudit, Thanks for all the help that you gave to me, we had many challenges during all these years of study, but at the end we can go through all of these! 9. Iyo, I know that although at the first year, I do really hate you because all f those pranks, but at the end you came up as a really good friend to me, you had helped me a lot during my study, and thanks to all the motivation that you gave it to me, so I can see something in the brightest side. Lastly, I would like to say my gratitude to my merciful God, to repay all of this kindness to all the people that had helped me, and for people that I have not mentioned. I hope my thesis would become a benefit in the development in science and technology.

Depok, 6 July 2013 (Taufik Hidayat)

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! ABSTRACT

Name : Taufik Hidayat Study Program : 0906551092 Title : Children in High-Rise Residential Project Living in a high-rise building, it is a quite recent phenomenon for human. It is designed to face the problem of space that human because of the exploding number of world population, and the limited build-able area. High-rise residential was designed to be efficient in the term of space. Low rise residential require larger amount of space, but in high-rise concept, you stack each house vertically, so it simply it will save a lot of space, and open area, either for public use and greenery will be much larger. This thesis explains the factor of unnatural and the consequence of living in the high-rise The focus of this thesis is to a specific subject, which is young kids, based on the observation of kids, by doing comparison between the theory from the journal, book or research that had been done already, and see whether the theory and the facts are correct and applicable to the current situation. By doing the cross reference between the fact and the theories, we will be able to grasp the idea of the theory, whether it is true, or the theory is not always applicable in every situation. Keywords: Changes, growing up, high-rise, kid, unnatural.

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! CONTENTS ! ! TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................................... i PAGE OF AUTHORSHIP ...................................................................................... ii PAGE OF ATTESTATION ................................................................................... iii PREFACE .............................................................................................................. iv CONSENT STATEMENT OF UNDERGRADUTE THESIS PUBLICATION FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES ............................................................................. vi ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... vii CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................. x LIST OF ATTACHMENTS .................................................................................. xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives .......................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Use of Study ...................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Study ................................................................................................................. 3 1.5 Writing Systematic ............................................................................................ 4 1.6 Thesis Hypothesis ............................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 2 CHILDREN IN HIGH-DENSITY AREA ................................... 6 2.1 High-Density Populated Area ........................................................................... 6 2.2 High-Rise Residential Project ........................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Description of Types of Residential Zones ............................................. 8 2.2.1.1 Detached and Semi-Detached Housing ...................................... 8 2.2.1.2 Low-Rise Residential Area ......................................................... 9 2.2.1.3 Mid-Rise Residential Area ......................................................... 9 2.2.1.4 High-Rise Residential Area ...................................................... 10 2.3 Principles of Child Friendly Housing ............................................................. 10 2.3.1 Guidelines in Multi-Family Housing .................................................... 12 2.3.1.1 Open Space ............................................................................... 13 2.3.1.2 Enhance A Sense of Community .............................................. 14 2.3.1.3 Opportunities for Surveillance.................................................. 15 2.3.1.3 Outdoor Play Areas .................................................................. 16 2.4 Children in High-Rise Residential Project ...................................................... 17 CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDY: MARGONDA RESIDENCE APARTMENT 20 3.1 Research Methods in Case Study .................................................................... 20 3.2 Types of Residential for the Case Study ......................................................... 20 3.3 Subject Case Study .......................................................................................... 20 3.4 Case Study: Margonda Residence, Beji, Depok ............................................. 20 3.4.1 Description of The Occupants............................................................... 20 3.4.2 Brief Space analysis .............................................................................. 21 3.4.3 Results of the Interview and Questionnaire .......................................... 24 3.4.3.1 Interview ................................................................................... 24 3.4.3.1 Questionnaire ............................................................................ 24 #"""!
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! CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION ............................................................................ 26 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 28 ATTACHMENTS ............................................................................................... 29

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! LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Population of Indonesia in 2010 ............................................................ 1 Figure 2.1 High density populated area .................................................................. 6 Figure 2.2 House robbery ........................................................................................ 7 Figure 2.3 Theft ....................................................................................................... 7 Figure 2.4 Semi detached housing .......................................................................... 8 Figure 2.5 Detached housing................................................................................... 8 Figure 2.6 Mid-rise housing .................................................................................... 9 Figure 2.7 High-rise housing................................................................................. 10 Figure 2.8 Socialize with other people .................................................................. 11 Figure 2.9 Exploring nature .................................................................................. 11 Figure 2.10 Play and learn .................................................................................... 12 Figure 2.11 Space for them to play is very limited ............................................... 18 Figure 3.1 Front corridor ....................................................................................... 21 Figure 3.2 Gazebo ................................................................................................. 22 Figure 3.3 Small hidden playground ..................................................................... 22 Figure 3.4 Margonda residence I swimming pool ................................................ 23 Figure 3.5 Margonda residence II swimming pool ............................................... 23

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! LIST OF ATTACHMENTS Attachment 1 Online Questionnaire: http://taufkh.co.nr ...................................... 29 Attachment 2 Questionnaire Results ..................................................................... 34

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! CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background

Figure 1.1 Population of Indonesia in 2010 http://sp2010.bps.go.id/

The number of the population in Indonesia is getting higher each year, based on data from the BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik), the number of population in Jakarta in year 2000 is 8.347.083, and compare to the more recent data from the year 2010, the number has increased quite a large number, 9.607.787 a total of more than 1 million people, roughly 15,1% increase in ten years. In the figure one, it is shown a data of density population in Indonesia in year 2010, the lightest the color on the figure, showing the less population density, the highest density area shown in the figure, has more than 40.000.000 people, and mostly around DKI Jakarta (9.607.787) and West Java (42.993.267) All those numbers are something that is not permanent, the number of the population will be still continue to grow. All of those people need a place to live, with the growth of the population; they do need a lot of space for them to live on. The problem is, with the constant growth, but the amount of buildable area is not getting any bigger, means that expanding their home horizontally will be very %!
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difficult, so one of the solution is by expanding it vertically, to make the buildable area more efficient. The example is like if one single unit of a house requires 150 m2, what will happen if there are 40 million people want to build their houses, imagine the amount of area that is needed to cover all of those houses. The condition of an environment where the number of people lives in the same place, but in a very large number, it will create a different experience with the one with very little number of people. The density of a population gives a different effect to its different situation; a higher density of an area can lead to higher possibilities for crimes itself to happen (McGuire, 2005). The logic is actually quite simple, the larger number of people, the bigger number of people you have to worry about, because there will always be the chance for people to do a crime, we just do not know when they are going to do it and what are they after. Living in a highly densely populated area, sometimes it is not a first pick for people to live in, and the children are the one must follow their parents as the place for their home. Because they do not pick their homes, they have to face any environments their parent picks, whether it is a good place or not. On the other hand, there are many factors for parent in picking their place to live, economy, social factor, future value of its property, and most importantly their kids, because there is no parents that want their kids grow up in a bad environment, all of them want the best for their kids, they want to have the environment which can support to achieve the best output for their kids, and sometimes not all the people are able to get the best place to live in, but in the end they have to make the best out of it, because it is the place where they kids can grow up in. This thesis wants to explore the unnatural phenomenon for early young age child living in a high-density area. Discussing the effect that environment gave to the children development, behavior, and lastly to find out whether living in a highdensity area, specifically in a high rise is proper or fit for kids.

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! 1.2 Objectives There are a few objectives in this thesis:

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1. To prove the fact that growing up for early young age children in a highdensity population area, especially in a high rise residential is not ideal. 2. To see how far the unsuitable growing up for kids in the high-density area, concerning the matter of social aspect and their needs relating to space. 1.3 Use of Study Through this undergraduate thesis, I want to explore the abnormalities for children growing up in the high-density area, and specifically discussing the children who reside in the high-rise residential. In this writing, I also want to see how far the role of the environment of a highdensity population may affect to childrens behavior toward space relating matter. At the end of this thesis, the results will show whether living in high-density population, especially in high-rise is proper for early young age to grow up in. 1.4 Study In the writing of this thesis, the author uses multiple methods of assessments: First, I need to do a literature study on the subject of residential, and childrens development, and other supporting theory through printed and electronic media. This literature study is used to help formulate the theoretical foundation that can help to analyze the case study in this thesis. After that, I do a field observation directly to the case that I have already picked, and also supported by the results of the interview and the questionnaire from the source that related to the study, which are the residence of the selected for the case study, and also accompanied with visual imagery and plan to help the explanation in the case study of this thesis.

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Lastly, I do the analysis based on the results of the interview and the questionnaire, and the observation based on the supporting theory, so I can take a conclusion that can represent the whole discussion of this thesis. 1.5 Writing Systematic In formulating this thesis, the author use the following systematic writing: 1. Introduction In this chapter explained the background topic of this thesis, the purpose of writing this thesis, methods that the author use fro writing this thesis, and the sequence and the systematics of this thesis. 2. Children in density This chapter explains on briefly on residential, describing types of residential, function, and other related subject, that involve space. The first part of the chapter works as an introduction for the case study theory, as a supporting for the understanding the environment. For further explanation, the writing will be focused on younger age children development process, how the high density area affects the behavior and any space related problem, so by the end of this writing, we can see whether it is proper for kids to grow up in a high-density area, specifically in a high rise residential building. 3. Case Study In this chapter filled with the case study that had been taken with the analysis, based on the supporting theory that had been explained previously. 4. Conclusion In this chapter filled with the final conclusion based on the entire chapter that had been discussed previously.

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! 1.6 Thesis Hypothesis

Framework Issue: 1. To prove the fact that growing up for early young age children in a highdensity population area, especially in a high rise residential is not ideal. To see how far the unsuitable growing up for kids in the highdensity area, concerning the matter of social aspect and their needs relating to space. Relevance of Study: Exploring the abnormalities of children growing up in a highdensity area, specifically the children who reside in the mid to high-rise residential building.

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2.

Research Methods
Theoretical Study: 1. 2. Discussion on the matter of residential, types, function, space, and other relating supporting theory. Basic understanding on the principle design of multi-housing. Case Study 1. Margonda Residence, Beji, Depok.

! Those two supporting theory, will be

summarized into a conclusion, and will be used in the case study.

Analysis Based on the supporting theory

Conclusion !

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! CHAPTER 2 CHILDREN IN HIGH-DENSITY AREA

2.1 High-Density Populated Area

Figure 2.1 High density populated area http://www.topnews.in/files/Dhak_Population.jpg

The rate number of people that is born on every second is 4.17 babies per second. Every minute there are 14 babies, 840 babies in one hour, and 20160 babies in just one day. Looking all those numbers is terrifying, but it is the reality that is happening right now, in the figure 2.1, it is just a fraction from the example of how the condition can be in a high growth population can be. The simplest analogy to recreate to current situation, imagine a room which is something that is fixed, and not expandable, lets say the room size is 4 x 4 meter, it means in total it become 16 meter square. The most minimum size of a personal space is 1 square meter, so, logically the maximum number of people inside of that room is 16 people, and that will be really uncomfortable, and relating to the current situation, where sometimes there is no actual limitation on how many numbers of people can stay in one place. The 16 numbers of people inside the imaginary can be more than 16, to make the condition worse, not all the people have the same size of a personal space, 1 meter square is just the size of its body, the personal space can be larger than that, so simply the condition of that room will be horrible, crowded uncomfortable space. The density of an area can be one of the factors that can determine a good or not an environment. High density populated area can be both a good and bad thing at the same time. High-populated area can be the signal of a place where people *!
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think that the place got higher opportunities to get a job (Booth, 1976), although in reality it is not always works the same way. If we take example of Jakarta, people think because it is the capital city, there will be a big opportunities of work in the city, but in reality, it is not. With the amount of people fighting for jobs, it can cause an emotional stress, and can cause a criminal motive for people that do not have a job. (Simmel, 1950). The competition in search for job in high-density area, can lead into a lot of social negative effects, in a form of bad sportsmanship of people doing their job. Because finding a job in the first hand is already hard, and it makes people making money much harder.

Figure 4.2 House robbery http://fajarsumatra.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/04/ilustrasi-rampok.jpg

Figure 3.3 Theft http://www.metrojambi.com/v1/images/stories/fo to/jambret.jpg

Making money has keep getting hard in the big city, with all the competition, makes some people do anything they could possibly do to get more money, whether it is a legal way by working hard for it, or doing it illegally by taking from someone else (figure 2.2 and 2.3). These criminal activities that become one of the factors that make people afraid of living in a highly populated area, or we can say Big City. 2.2 High-Rise Residential Project Living in a high rise residential, it is quite a recent phenomenon. Looking back to the history, people start to build their house on the ground, see everything on the ground level, but now? You can even live at 50 meters off the ground, and what you see is the bird eye level, which in the old days is something that is not common to see from their house.

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! Living off the ground is not something that was already natural for all the people nowadays, High-rise residence evoke at least six fears. (Gifford, 2007). The

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first fear is, the fear of the residents itself, whether your lode ones, family, or your neighbor might do a suicide, and for some people it will create a nightmare and uncomfortable place to live. 2.2.1 Description of Types of Residential Zones There are 3 types of category of building according the function of the building, residential building, commercial building, and public property building. Residential building consist of place like, single housing unit (detached or semi detached), apartment, condominium, and villa. Commercial building is a building that is intended to generate a profit; the example is like a hotel, resort, office buildings, malls, retail store, and many more. The last one is the public property building; it is a property, which is owned by the government, like City Park, city library, and museum. 2.2.1.1 Detached and Semi-Detached Housing

Figure 6.4 Semi detached housing http://www.newmodellersshop.co.uk/images/scenix/e m6004_victorian_semi_detached_house.jpg

Figure 5.5 Detached housing http://www.crosbyroofingltd.com/images/r5.jpg

The main different from the semi detached housing (figure 2.4) and detached housing (figure 2.5) is from how the house is connected with another house, detach housing, is a single stand alone, which has no direct contact with another house, but the semi detached one, it is connected with another house by a sharing wall, it will look like as if it is a one big mass of a building, but actually consist of two houses.
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! 2.2.1.2 Low-Rise Residential Area

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Low-rise residential building is pretty much like in the figure 2.4. And 2.5. The key element of which can described what kind of residential is the height of the building. Low-rise residential building consists of 1 3 floors. 2.2.1.3 Mid-Rise Residential Area

Figure 7.6 Mid-rise housing http://fajarsumatra.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/04/ilustrasi-rampok.jpg

A mid-rise building is moderately has large number of stories, usually from 4 to 12 levels, and equipped with an elevator. Usually this type of building was intended to be a solution to solve the problem of high-populated area. This building can hold more people rather than the low rise residential. Usually people that interested in this kind of residential are the one has a lot of activity outside of the house, and need a compact and practical living environment. Because of the high activity of it residence, they tend to have less interaction with their neighbour, and this May become one of the bad influence for growing up there.

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! 2.2.1.4 High-Rise Residential Area

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Figure 8.7 High-rise housing http://www.glosecgroup.com/uploadfiles/main/__1129.jpg

A high-rise building is a building, which has height in between of 35 and 100 meter, squares, so in a way that a building which have the stories from 12 to 40 levels. Higher than 40 stories, will be called a skyscraper building. 2.3 Principles of Child Friendly Housing To understand how the principles of friendly housing for children, the first thing to do is to understand the basic things that children needs in their house. On this case the term of children means that a young human being below the age of full of physical development. The first important thing that is to be considered on the environment of kids play, safety is the top priority on this case. It has to be protected from any physical hazard, for example like the traffic, the kids are not supposed to be able to get to the outside of the place, so they will be safe from all the vehicle that roaming around the street.

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Figure 9.8 Socialize with other people http://www.westvillect.org/files/bike/Rock%20to%20Rock%20 Kids.jpg

The second important thing to be considered is the location of the house. Children need places in the communal environment that are undeniably their territories where they can expect to find other children. By meeting other children it taught them how to socialize with other people.

Figure 10.9 Exploring nature http://blog.melissaanddoug.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/04/sunflowers-garden-child11-450x300.jpg

The third part is to let the children explore the environment by themselves. They can actually learn more by exploring things they want to know by themselves. In figure 2.9 showing a girl sniffing a sunflower, she looks very interested to learn about flower, and the best way to learn about flower is by directly see it on your hand. These kind of knowledge actually you can get it from the book, but the sensation and the experience that you get from directly interacting with the subject can not be replaced, the book cannot give you all of those things.

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Figure 11.10 Play and learn http://1000awesomethings.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/kidsrunning-around.jpg

Early young age children need to move a lot, not only good for their health, they can improve a lot of motoric skill by playing all around. It would be very bad very awful for children if their parents would not let their kid spend more time outdoors, not only it will affect their health, but it will also be a bad influence for their social skill, because they will be having less social time, meeting with friends, so in a way less time to train their social skill. Parents should allow their kids spend their time more outside without a constant supervision. The idea of constant supervise on children will put more pressure on them, putting the pressure that their parents are watching every of their move. The possible that might occur after all of those supervision, might showed on how closed the relation with the parent, or how dependent the kids with the parent. 2.3.1 Guidelines in Multi-Family Housing Design guidelines simply means a structural process of designing, the guidelines works as a rule and precaution, so, the project end result will not came far from the projected result. In designing housing there are a few guidelines to be followed in order to achieve the maximum result.

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! 2.3.1.1 Open Space Casual interaction

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Casual interaction is something that is needed to be focus, because by encouraging people to do more the human interaction, it will enhance their social skill. Access to useable open space for recreation and social activities

Easy access is one of the most important factors, because by making it easy to be accessed, people will be hard going to that place. By a lot of people coming there the possibility of them can interact will be higher too, because they will meet new people in a lot of time. Convenience location

Convenience location is quite similar with the distance factor, the better the location of the place, the higher chance of people going there. Good distance

Distance is always become one of the factors for people when they want to go to a certain place. Closer distance means that it took shorter time to reach the place, so s/he can spend more time on that place rather than on spending the time during the walk there. Sheltered from noise and traffic

Traffic and open space is something that is quite dangerous if it is put together, open space should be a place that is safe, something that is like a traffic should be not close to the open space, so parents will not get paranoid about what their children.

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! Vegetation

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Vegetation is one of the factors of environment that can enhance the quality. Because by putting more vegetation, not only for aesthetic use, but also can filter the air around that area, so you can breathe healthier air. Breeze and sun

Having an open space means that it is an actual open space that let a lot of wind can come in. The idea of letting the natural wind, not only to reduce the temperature from the heat of the sun, but in a way it can reduce the electricity usage by using less fan to cool the temperature down. Clear boundaries

Clear boundaries define the space better, when dealing with overlapping use of a facility, by using a low walls or plant materials. By using boundaries private space and commonplace will not be mixed up together. 2.3.1.2 Enhance A Sense of Community A development should relate to existing neighborhood Ex: day care, learning center (for the community and resident) Facilities like these, not only make people meet each other up, but also get a lot of benefit from the facilities, like getting new knowledge and a new friend at the same time. Incorporation of informal outdoor gathering areas in site design Ex: play area, laundry (secondary/complementary facility for resident in which generates interaction) Walkways, common areas, lounge etc. should be arranged so that it is possible for neighbors to gather in daily activities So by making the arrangement like that, will help the residence to get socialize, and they can get closer to their neighbor that way.
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%)! Basically facilities provided should be designated to both children and adults in whom it correlates to both range of age and generation in generating social senses

2.3.1.3 Opportunities for Surveillance Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) The usage of 'natural surveillance' concept by the maximization of the visibility within a space, so the residence themselves can watch their neighborhood, and helping the security around the area if there is problem occurred. Concept of natural access and its management, control by designing street, walkways, and entrances to be clearly indicate public routes and discourage access to private areas. Reducing 'penetrability' By designing this kind of pathway, it will increase the safety around the area, because in a way it will reduce the chance of people wander around the place, that make people unsecure about it. Visibility to parking area should be provided Simply so the residence can watch over their car whenever they want it too. Open spaces, courtyards, corridors entrances should be designed to be visible from as many dwellings as possible The idea of this visibility is to increase the safety of that open space, so, if there is something criminal happen there, there will be a lot of witnesses, and in a way, it will reduce the possibilities of crime also. Private open space should be designed with enclosure of space but not prevents surveillance by residents Management office should be located in the central, visible location, easily accessible So the residence will have easier way to reach the management office, so they can
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! respond to their problem faster. 2.3.1.3 Outdoor Play Areas

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Children's play area should be visible from many units as possible and from private open space So the parents can see and watch over their children, so the parents can be relieved letting their kids go play outside. Convenience in access is important Ex: direct and easy access from ground level Outdoor play area should be located adjacent to common building facility such as laundry, lounge, community center, etc. It is intended as for the parents have easier access to keen an eye with their kids all the time. Play area shall not be located near public streets, parking areas, unless physically separated by appropriate barriers (walls, fence, dense landscaping, etc.) It will reduce the chance of accidents from the traffic around, because kids tend to run everywhere, and apparently it is quite scary for parents knowing that. By using clear barriers, their children will not be able to go to the place, which mostly will hurt them. Hard surface areas for activities should be provided Ex: bicycle riding, skating, rope jumping, hopscotch, etc. So the kids will have wider choices of games that they can play on their environment Physical capabilities, kind of play, and behavior is different in ranges of age of children. In large developments, it is encouraged to be separated, but no necessarily segregated. Small developments may combine these play
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! activities for many ranges of age within a space. Play area should be provided with safety concept

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It is simply works as a precaution, so the children will not hurt themselves while they were playing on the playground. 2.4 Children in High-Rise Residential Project When we were babies, we were very small, everything is not to scale for us back then. They are small people in a world of giants and of gigantic things are not made to their scale. (Tuan 1977, p. 27) So to understand the idea of a space, when we were a baby it was something that is quite an impossible thing to do, and also because our brain was not perfectly developed yet to able to perceive image information or even to communicate or response to it, so when we see the same things but in different angle or even distance, we would see it as a different thing. The young child, as soon as he learns to walk, will want to follow his mother and explore the environment within her ambience. (Tuan, 1977, p. 24) The idea of not understanding things makes us curious about our surroundings, makes us try everything hat is reachable, always eager to know something new. When we want to understand something, we would actually use a lot of body parts to understand something, we grab with our hand, see it closely with our eyes, smell it with our nose, and even lick or swallow the thing itself so that we can know the taste of it, whether it is good or not. When things get ugly, our mother is the one who would stop our idiocy incase it would become dangerous, like when we try to lick the knife because it looks delicious, or try to grab fire because it is so shiny to our eyes.

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Figure 12.11 Space for them to play is very limited http://images-2.domain.com.au/2012/01/23/2910898/ipad-artwide-fernandez-420x0.jpg

Children who live on higher floors also go outside to play less often. (Nitta, 1989), it was mostly because of the parents that will not their kid play around freely around the environment, so the space for them become limited, and those limitation become the rule that kids see from their parents When we grow up, we will learn that there is always a rule in life, like we cannot do this, go to this place, see this or that, and many more rules that when we were kids it sounds so overrated and sometimes we deliberately break some of the rules that our parent said to us. By learning many rules from our parent, in a way that it sets up some sort of imaginary fear that may affect us in the future. When we were kids we always told not to go too far from home, it is dangerous out there, and it may create the image of the place outside of the house is dangerous, the safest is in the inside of our home. When dealing with the needs of kids in the early stage, they require a lot of things to be prepared for their environment, so they can actually grow well. But sometimes all of those things are not that well prepared, or even can be neglected. The most occurring problem is the lacking of space, because everything designed in the most efficient way, but it affects on how kids play in the environment, it may limit the play zone, and even there is a place for it, it is hard for them to
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reach the place, and the worst of all, to the point where even there is no place for kids to play in it. May sounds silly worrying about the place for kids to play, but the environment of when they play, they actually also learn some new things too, whether it is something that is related to their physical, like when they do sport, it will enhance their motor skill, and actually not only motor skill is the only one that is developed, social skills will be because when you are playing with your friends, subconsciously will learn about how to talk to your friend, how to play nicely with your friend, things to do and things that are not okay to do so, learn about friendship, and many more. Childrens play clearly affected, as parent in high rise either keep their children indoors more often, which means close protection or over-protection in an indoor environment, or allow them outside many floors away, which can result in undersupervision. (Gifford, 2007) regarding the choices that parents made for their children, every decision must have its own down side, keeping your children indoor more, it can make your children have a little friend, but if you let you children too free, and you will be hard controlling you children. There is always the balance between those two things, and the way to find the balance is to communicate it with your children, ten you can find the answer.

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! CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDY: MARGONDA RESIDENCE APARTMENT

3.1 Research Methods in Case Study The research method that is used in this research is by doing a direct field observation based on the literature and the previous research that had been done, and conduct a questionnaire and interview to the related subject. To see whether the theory that is gotten from the literature study are applied or not. 3.2 Types of Residential for the Case Study In this research the case study is the Margonda Residence I, located in the Margonda Depok. He type of the residential for this case study is specifically on the mid-rise residential building. The reason this particular apartment become the study case, is because in this apartment has quite a diverse residence. 3.3 Subject Case Study The subjects for the case study are 30 children who live on the apartment, range from the age of 1 to 15 years old, and their parents. 3.4 Case Study: Margonda Residence, Beji, Depok 3.4.1 Description of The Occupants residents who live in this region is quite diverse, from students, workers, housewives, the elderly, and some have families who already have children. The largest portion of people that stays in this area is mostly student from nearby campus. Most of the people in this area mostly spend their time outside of their home, because the second largest portion is the workers, so at working hour, there will be not much of people going aroound the place there. There are 3 common place for people spend their time there, the first one is the obvious one is their own room, the second one is the gazebo, place where you can receive guest and

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hang out, the last one is the canteen, the place where you can also hang out wit your friends while having a meal. 3.4.2 Brief Space analysis These are a few photos of spots in the Margonda Residence I, and filled with the explanation.

Figure 3.1 Front Corridors http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_vz4ASkFlHyc/S2BUdEYASI/AAAAAAAAABs/tDt49rOxi8M/s320/006+-+edited%5B1%5D.jpg

This is the front corridor before entering the building block, in this particular space where the most people meet, because it is the main corridor from the 3 blocks in the apartment. The highest possibility for people bumping with each other is in the morning at 07.00 am 09.00 am, because that is the peak of people going outside of the apartment. There are people who go to the campus nearby, or go to work, or even just go out to have something to eat. The only activity that is occurred here is only people passing y the corridor, when there is someone who want to wait for hos/her her friends, usually s/he does not stand inside the corridor, but use the gazebo instead.

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Figure 3.2 Gazebo http://kaskus.co.id

These are the photos of the gazebo near the main corridor, most of people spend their time here are usually the one who are having appointment to meet someone, or students that doing their college work, or even just to hang out sitting in the gazebo have a chat with friends.

Figure 3.3 Small hidden playground http://maukost.com/wp-content/uploads/Apartement-MargondaResidence-II-.2.jpeg

This is the photo of the only kids playground in the Margonda residence I. The location of the playground is on the basement, near the parking ground, near the block c building. Because it is quite far and people sometimes do not notice this place as a playground, so this place becomes unpopular, and hardly used at all.

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Figure 3.4 Margonda residence I Swimming pool http://www.topnews.in/files/Dhak_Population.jpg

This is the photo of the first swimming pool in Margonda Residence I, before the Margonda Residence II, this place quite popular, a lot of the residence swims here, and most of it swims either in the morning or at night.

Figure 3.5 Margonda residence II Swimming pool http://adisanita.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/kolam-renangmares.jpg

The Second swimming pool in Margonda residence is quite a hit. There are many people starting to swim here, and sometimes people come to this pool not to swim, but instead just hang out at the side of the pool, enjoying the scenery of people swimming there. People who come to this place ranging from children to adults. This place is quite popular, because often visited by people at night.

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! 3.4.3 Results of the Interview and Questionnaire 3.4.3.1 Interview

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Based on the result of the interview, all of the correspondent belief that growing up in a high-rise residential is not really good for their children. They thought that living in a high-rise give a bad influence on how they socialize. It is not an unusual situation where high-rise residence tends to be more selfish. Looking back to the environment, most of the people spend their time outside the apartment; it means that the chance for them to actually meet with each other is not that big, so it is quite reasonable why most people in the apartment do less interaction with each other. The other thing that came up in the interview, all of the parents complained hat they do not have a proper facility for young children, although there is actually a small playground for kids, near the basement, but it is quite hard for their kids to reach that place on their own. So practically the playground is not used at all right now. Most of the children that want to play, they can go to the swimming pool, but they need to be with their parents or supervisor to look after them. Based on the literature study, children need a lot of space for them to develop their motoric skill, but in reality, it is quite hard for them to do that. Most of the open space is parking lots, so it will be hard finding an open space in the apartment. Almost the entire respondent said that, there are not going to be a permanent resident, they said that if they got a better place to live, which is low-rise residential type, they want to move there. Most of them pick living in the highrise residential was not actually on their first pick. They pick the apartment mostly because the location and the value of the room. 3.4.3.1 Questionnaire The results of the questionnaire are in the attachment section, all of the results are in the format of pie chart (see in the attachment), and the entire question is there to prove the facts that are stated in the previous chapter.

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73% of the correspondents believe that they always need to close with their children. This statement was supported by how they feel about the security in their area. Despite the fact that there is actually enough guard patrolling the apartment, but they still do need to be close with their children, and based from other question of the questionnaire (How do you feel when your kids meet someone you dont know) 57% correspondent answered that It is not going to happen at all. It seems that the parents are the one who are being overprotective on this case, because looking to another question (Do your kids afraid of strangers?) and 70 % answer that they are not afraid with stranger, means that from the children side, they do not feel threatened with the presence of the stranger. According to another question (Where is the place your kids spend their time most at?), and it is clear that 84% of the kids spend most of the time inside of the house, which means that there are two possibilities here, the first one is, the parents make the decision that the kids should be inside of the house more, and the second possibility is the kids feel safer inside the house, in a way that they are creating a fear to go outside because they felt dangerous to do so. We can see the second largest percentage is 9%; they are the one that is actually mature enough to be out of his or her house on their own. Age plays a great deal in this type of activity, another reason why the numbers are small, because the percentage of kids that age is very small With the sheer number of people live in the same building it would trigger the fear of strangers. 87% of the respondent said that no matter how safe the security is, parents always worried and afraid that with the large number of people that can actually hurt their children, but this fear is not permanent, because 13% of the respondent who answer No, they think that their kids already mature enough to be on his or her own. And the rest of the result of the questionnaire can be found in the attachment.

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! CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION Based on the facts from the literature study and the case study showed that there will be a lot of challenges for children to grow up in a highly populated area specifically in a high-rise residential. All of the respondents showed that they are all want to move out into a better place when they actually a chance to do so. What we can see from just from that case, the first time that they are picking this high-rise environment is not their first liking. The reason most of the respondents pick this type of residential because of the two key factors backing them up. The first factor is money, because apparently the land price is skyrocketing these days, by buying grounded house it will cost you more money than in living in a high rise. Why it will cost you more? Because when you built your own house from scratch it will cost you a lot of money, in a way that you need to pay pretty much everything when you want to build your house. Why just buy the house that is already finished? The price itself depends on the location of the place itself, the more strategic the place is, the more expensive the price will be. The second one is the factor of practicality. Most of the respondents said that the first reason that they pick high rise residential, because they were attracted to how convenient live in a high rise. They do not have to major maintenance during their stay, someone will help to fix if there is any problem related to the house, and usually location of a high rise residence is in a strategic place, so it will be easier for the residents if they want to go their office, or schools, or even go into a recreational area for them to have fun. In this thesis, the main focus is to explore how far is the condition of a high rise residential affect for kids, how unfit the condition to the condition of kids development. Most of the respondents believe that high rise residential (apartment) is not a decent place for kids to grow up in it. Facilities, Space, and social life in the environment, are the most common things that the respondents complained about. The first facilities, what they see is, there is no actual proper facilities for kids to use. The second one the lack of space, the respondent feels &*!
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that the environment doe not provide enough space for them to do their daily needs. And the last one, and the sot important of all, the condition of the social support in the high rise are terrible. Living in a place where you are surrounded by strangers, is a very bad choice, because in the future it will make their kids less sociable, they will be afraid of making up friends, therefore it will be bad for their kids social skills. Based on the interview and the questionnaire form the related subject and from the literature study based on the theory, growing up for kids in a high-rise is not something that is easy to be done, there will be many challenges, but all of that is actually depends on two factors. The first one is the parent, because they are the one who are mostly responsible in shaping how the future for the kids will be. The second factor is their environment. The environment holds a great deal of affecting people, not only in their mind, but also can change someones behavior. With this particular case, first problem came from the facility of the building; most of them are not well designed for kids in early age. Although there is actually a playground for kids, but it is quite hard for kids to access the place themselves. The conclusion that the author can say about the case study, growing up for kids in a highly populated area, especially in a high-rise will be difficult, but it is not something that is impossible to do, as long as all the supporting elements for kids growing up like, save environment to play, good social life, and good education, even growing up in a high rise would be possible.

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! BIBLIOGRAPHY Cooper, Clare Marcus and Wendy Sarkissian (1986). Housing as if People Mattered: Site Design Guidelines for Medium-Density Family Housing. University of California Press. Georg Simmel, (1950) The metropolis and mental life, in The Sociology of Georg Simmel, Kurt Wolff, ed., Glencoe: Free Press Gifford, Robert. (2007). The Consequence of LIving in High-Rise Buildings. Review paper. University of Sydney. Oda, M., Taniguchi, K., Wen, M.-L., & Higurashi, M. (1989). Effects of high-rise living on physical and mental development of children. Journal of Human Ergology, 18, 231-235. Rodriguez (2000) Multi Family Development Guidelines. Southeastern Economic Development Corporation. Tuan, Yi-fu. (1977). Space and Place : The perspective of experience. London : University of Minnesota Van Vliet, W. (1983). Families in apartment buildings: Sad storeys for children? Environment and Behaviour, 15, 211-234. Yeung, Y. (1977). High-rise, HIgh-density housing: Myths and relity. Habitat International.

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! ATTACHMENTS Attachment 1 Online Questionnaire: http://taufkh.co.nr

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Attachment 2 Questionnaire Results

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