HydratedCompoundLab

AimeeVeneau,JessyFabrizioStover Oct28,2013 Thepurposeofthislabwastofindtheempiricaland/ormolarformula/ratioofthecompoundof hydratedsalt,Copper(II)sulfate,andwaterweweregiven. PrelabProblem Writeabalancedequation:CoCl2XH2OCoCl2x6H20 Createadatatabletoorganizethedata: Mass Testtube DehydratedSaltw/testtube Hydratedsaltw/testtube Massh2o Masofdehydratedsalt MolsofH2O 12.443gh 14.992g 17.122g 17.122g14.992g=2.130gH2O 14.992g12.443g=2.549gdehydratedsalt 2.130gH2Ox(1molH20/(1.008gx2+16.00g))= 0.118mol 2.549gSaltx(1molCoCl2/(58.93g+35.45gx2)= 0.0196mol 0.0196mol/0.0196mol=1molCoCl2 0.118mol/0.0196mol=6.02molH20 Whatisthemassoftheioniccompoundwithoutwater(alsocalledtheanhydrouscompound)? Howmanymolesisthis? 14.992g12.443g=2.549gdehydratedsalt 2.549gSaltx(1molCoCl2/(58.93g+35.45gx2)=0.0196mol Whatisthemassofthewaterheatedaway?Howmanymolesisthis? 17.122g14.992g=2.130gH2O 2.130gH2Ox(1molH20/(1.008gx2+16.00g))=0.118mol

Molsofdehydratedsalt

Whatisthemoleratiooftheioniccompoundtothewater? 1molCoCl2/6molH20 Whatistheformulaofthereactanthydratecompound?___Hydratecompound_____ Whatisthenameofthiscompound?____CoCl2x6H20____ Materials Tongs Crucible BunsenBurner Cobalt(II)Chloride ClayTriangle IronRing Procedure 1.Measureemptycrucible 2.ScoopCobalt(II)Chlorideintocrucible,weigh 3.Usingourbunsenburner,heatupthehydratedsaltcausingthe water(H20)toevaporate. 4.Thebluecolorofthesaltshouldslowlyfadechangingtoawhite color. 5.Oncetherehasbeenanoticeablecolorchangeusethetongsto removethecrucibleandweighit 6.Afterweighingitheatthecruciblewithsaltasecondtime 7.Afteryoursecondheatingweighthecruciblewithsaltasecond time 8.Dontwashthecrucibleuntilithascooled,orelsetheitwillcrack Calculations: Showallworkofhowtodeterminetheformulaofthehydrated compound. Researchthecorrectansweronline(makesuretoincludethe referenceofwhereyoufoundit. Determinethe%errorofyourlabfortheX Mass Crucible Cruciblew/hydratedsalt(CuSO4x 19.513g 20.791g

X(H20)) Amountofhydratedsalt(CuSO4x X(H20)) Cruciblewithsalt(CuSO4)dehydrated Salt(CuSO4)dehydrated Originalwateramount 20.791g19.513g=1.278g(CuSO4)

20.300g 20.300g19.513g=0.787gofCuSO4 1.278g(CuSO4+H20)0.787gCuSO4= 0.491gH20 1molCuSO4=(63.55g+32.06g+ (16.00gx4)=159.6g 0.787gCuSO4x(1molCuSO4/159.6g) =0.004931molCuSO4 0.491gH20x(1molH2O/18.02gH2O)= 0.027248molH2O 0.027248molH2O/0.004931mol CuSO4=5.52586

MolesofwaterandCopper(II)Sulfate

Ratio

1CuSO4:5.53H2O

DiscussionQuestions: Makesuretoaddressthefollowingquestionsin yourdiscussionsection:Wouldtheerrorcause yourratiotoincreaseordecrease? 1.Whatwastheactualratioyouobtained(withall significantdigits)?Whatwasyourroundedratioto wholenumbers?Isyouractualratiohigheror lowerthantheroundedratio?Researchwhatthe actualratioshouldbe.Isyouranswertoohighor toolow?Whatisthepercenterror? Copper(II)sulfateapentahydrate.TheEmpiricalFormulawasCuSO4x6H2O.Themoleratio was1:5.53.Theratiowasthenroundedupto6.Theactualratioisquiteclose,being5.117.The percentageerroris:5.535.117=0.413,0.413/5.117=0.081%.Thereasontheratiowasmuch higherwasthatthecruciblewasnotheatedlongenough.(Aimee)

2.Howwouldyourratiochangeifyoudidnotdehydratethecompoundfully? Ifwedidnotfullydehydratethecompoundourfinalweightofthesaltmayhavestillcontained water.Ifitdidthenitwouldcausetheratioofwatertosaltthatwefoundtobewrong.(Jessy) 3.Supposesomeofthecompoundfelloutofthetesttubebeforeheatingbutaftermassing. Howwouldthatchangeyourratio? Ifsomeofthecompoundwasincludedintheweighingofthe saltbutwasnotdehydratedandinthesecondweighingthe datawouldshowthatweighasbeingwaterweight.Thiswould definitelyimpacttherationofwatertosaltwefoundfromour data.(Jessy) 4.Howwouldyourratiochangeifthetesttubewaswetwhen thehydratedcompoundwasaddedtoitatthebeginningofthe experiment? Ifthetesttubewaswet,thiswouldaddmoisturetothehydrated CuSO4butwouldntaffecttheoutcome.Theextrawater moleculeswouldmostlikelynotaddweight.Theonlywaythis wouldaffectthedehydrationprocessisaddingtime.(Aimee) 5.Howwouldyourratiorelatetoanothergroupswhousedthe samecompound,ifyouused2.0gramsandtheyused2.5grams? Theamountofcompoundwouldnotaffecttheratioastheratioremainsthesameforevery amountofthecompound.Therewouldstillbeanequalnumberofwatermoleculesforevery copper(II)sulfatemolecule.(Aimee) 6.Suggestwhatmighthappenifyoulefttheanhydrouscompoundtositovernightbefore weighingitforyourdata? Theremaybeachangeintemperature,causingcondensationtoformand/orchemically affectingthecompound.Thecompoundwouldmostlikelynotbethesamefromwhenitwasfirst observed.Someeffectscouldbeextrawatermoleculesbeingaddedordustparticlesthatcoat thecompound.(Aimee) 7.Ifyoucouldimprovethislab,whatyoudodifferentlyandwhy?Discussatleastthreefeasible improvementsandwhywithreferencetotheotherdiscussionquestionsanderrors.(Note: relatethisto#1andtheanswersfortheotherquestions).

Whenwelookatourratioofsalttowatercomparedtotheactualrationweseethatourratiowas off.Thismayhavebeenduetooursaltnotbeingfullydehydrated.Tohavepreventedthisor improvedthislabwecouldofdone3heatings.Withthreeheatingswecouldbesurethatallof thewaterwasevaporatedandinthefinalweighingwewereonlyweighingthesalt.Thiswould giveusmoreaccurateweights.Anotherwaywecouldofimprovedourexperimentwasifwehad allowedthesalttocoolforagreateramountoftime.Thiswaytheheatedcruciblecouldnothave affectedthebalancessensors.Anotherwaytoimprovethelabitselfwasifallthelabgroups combinedtheirdataallowingeachgrouptocreateachartfindingtheratiostheothergroups found,maybebeingabletoseewhattheydiddifferentlythatimprovedtheiroutcome.(Jessy) ConclusionStatement: Writeaonetotwosentencestatementtoconcludewhatyoudidinyourlab,whatwasyour actualandhowdiditcomparetoyourtheoretical. Inconclusionourresultswereslightlybutwethinkquiteclosetotheactualratio.Fromthe questionsabovewestatethatourresultswereoffduetonotdehydratingoursaltlongenough.If therewasmoretimetorepeattheprocedure,therewouldhavebeenmoreaccuracyin predictingthecorrectratio,whichshouldhavebeencloserto5.117,apercenterrorof0.081%. (AimeeandJessy)