Philippines: Earthquake in Bohol Province

Situation Report No. 5 (as of 30 October 2013)

This report is produced by OCHA Philippines in collaboration with humanitarian partners. It was issued by OCHA Philippines. It covers the period from 22 to 30 October 2013. The next report will be issued on or around 7 November.

Highlights
With over 3,000 aftershocks recorded most people are still afraid to return home for fear of aftershock impact. Displaced people taking shelters in school buildings will have to leave before classes resume on 5 November. The Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator launched the Bohol Earthquake Action Plan on 25 October, seeking US$46.8 million.

Map showing the extent of damage to housings in municipalities affected by the earthquake in Bohol province as of 29 October. Source: PHIVOLCS, GADM, DSWD DROMIC The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

3.2 million 222

Affected people Casualties

370,836
Displaced people

376
Evacuation centres

66,932
Damaged homes

3,087
Aftershocks

Situation Overview
Two weeks after the magnitude 7.2 earthquake Bohol province in Central Visayas region, the number of evacuation centres has increased to 376 in Bohol. The evacuation centres accommodate 89,291 people (17,763 families) displaced by the disaster in 25 municipalities and one city in this province. The sudden increase is due to the merging of the displaced in evacuation centres with those in spontaneous community settlements. They represent seven per cent of the total affected population. The majority of evacuation centres are reported in the worst-hit municipalities of Loon (45), Maribojoc (35), Buenavista (32), Clarin (27), Inabanga and Sevilla (26 each), according to the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC). NDRRMC reported 222 casualties in the earthquake, while 796 injured and eight still missing as of 30 October. More bridges and roads are repaired, providing greater access to the affected barangays (villages). Some remote areas however are only accessible by village paths. The Government of the Philippines and respective cluster colead agencies are delivering relief items such as tents, tarpaulins, food and non-food items, as well as monitoring the health status of the affected population. A total of 538 consultations were reported from six reporting facilities in Bohol, using the surveillance in post extreme emergencies and disasters (SPEED) early warning disease surveillance system, according to the health emergency alert reporting system (HEARS) in the Department of Health (DOH) as of 28 October. The top five consultations were for acute respiratory infection (345 cases or 64 per cent), fever (51 or 9 per cent), hypertension (44 or 8 per cent), open wounds and bruises (32 or 6 per cent) and acute watery diarrhea (30 or 6 per cent). Seven out of 30 cases of acute watery diarrheoa were reported among children under five years, with 19 cases from Maribojoc rural health units (RHUs). While SPEED was activated in 14 RHUs, four evacuation centres and four + For more information, see background on the emergency at the end of the report
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hospitals, the Health Cluster recommend expanding the disease surveillance system coverage to other affected areas. HEARS also reported 135 health facilities were damaged partially and completely by the earthquake while no outbreaks reported in the evacuation centres so far. Health Cluster also suggest WASH intervention in health facilities. Over 80 per cent or 281,545 displaced people (57,377 families) chose to stay outside the evacuation centres in makeshift tents on their lawns for fear of aftershocks. Humanitarian partners reported that some people started demolishing houses and other buildings and used the ruins to repair their homes or reinforce the makeshift tents. There is an urgent need to provide temporary shelter at least until the end of the rains in December. An increase in demand for shelter support is expected when displaced people will have to leave schools used as evacuation centres when classes resume on 5 November. Relocation sites need to be clarified for people who have to stay in transitional shelter for longer periods. The earthquake resulted in PhP2.2 billion (US$51 million) damage to infrastructure and agriculture, according to NDRRMC. They also reported on 30 October that 63 per cent of the total damage, or Php1.4 billion, occurred in Bohol. The Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator launched the Bohol Earthquake Action Plan on 25 October, seeking $46.8 million for six months. The Action Plan was launched to support 344,300 displaced people. The Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Philippines and members of the diplomatic community attended the launch.
Table 1. Figures on evacuees, evacuation centres and damaged houses by affected region

Displaced people Regions/ Provinces No. of evacuation centres Inside evacuation centers (people) 89,291 0 0 89,291 Not in evacuation centres (people) 274,692 6,806 47 281,545 Total Affected (person) Total Population

Houses Partially Damaged 52,609 1,055 8 53,672

Total

Destroyed

Bohol Cebu Siquijor Total

376 0 0 376

363,983 6,806 47 370,836

1,255,128 1,939,707 26,314 3,221,149

1.2 million 2.6 million 91,066 11 million

13,206 30 1 13,237

Source: NDRRMC Sitrep No.32 on Effects of Magnitude 7.2 Sagbayan, Bohol Earthquake, 30 October 2013, 6 p.m.; National Statistics Office, 2010 Census of Population and Housing

Humanitarian Response
Emergency Shelter
Needs: Families continue to leave the camps in public spaces and return home to set up Families received emergency shelters using salvaged material from their homes and the shelter shelter support materials obtained from emergency shelter distribution such as tents and tarpaulins. Support is needed for families in evacuation centres whose homes are identified in potentially unsafe areas until suitable relocation areas are found. Many families have begun to repair their damaged homes by demolishing houses and salvaging any suitable building materials. Response: So far most relief items come from local civil society groups, NGOs and private organisations. Some cluster partners have begun distributing tents and tarpaulins with more on the way. Figures available indicate 4,213 families were provided with shelter materials from 34,950 families who need support. Agencies are looking towards the early recovery phase, developing strategies to assist building demolition. They are looking at ways to provide shelter support during the transition from emergency to recovery period for families who need longer-term support. Thirty enumerators from the REACH team started a detailed shelter assessment. Gaps & Constraints: Further clarification and verification of damaged and destroyed homes is required.

4,213

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Agencies need to respond quickly to the needs of the community as many families move with demolition and repairs to their homes. Vulnerable families in poor quality emergency shelter are still exposed to the elements.

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

Needs: Access to safe water in all affected areas is still a challenge. Water kits distributed Emergency latrines are required in strategic location to serve people who are not staying the entire day in the evacuation centres. Bathing facilities are required in evacuation centres. There are families who normally obtain drinking water from water refilling stations and open water sources such as rivers and streams for other purposes prior to the earthquake. Immediate water testing must be done with intensified hygiene promotion activities for effective water handling for these families to prevent water-borne diseases. Response: About 2,404 water kits and 5,173 hygiene kits were distributed. Thirteen water treatment/filtration deployed in nine municipalities, providing 175,700 liters of water for at least 17,570 individuals. Water tankering services provided in Buenavista, Inabanga and Tubigon municipalities. DOHs Center for Health Development in Region VII (CHD-7) constructed two sets of six semi-permanent latrines in two evacuation centres in Loon. Gaps & Constraints: As classes will resume on 5 November, the local government units (LGUs) were asked to advise families sheltered in schools to return to their respective homes especially if they are deemed safe. There is no information available on the fate of families whose homes were totally destroyed in the disaster.

2,404

Camp Coordination and Camp Management

Needs: The total number of evacuation sites increased to 343, accommodating 17,479 families or 88,804 people according to a Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC) report on 27 October. The CCCM Cluster decided to consolidate the number since the same caseload would require emergency shelter and camp management support. The majority of evacuation sites are concentrated in Buenavista, Loon, Tubigon, Inabanga, Maribojoc and Catigbian municipalities. They are among the 19 affected municipalities which DSWD identified as in need of critical humanitarian assistance. DSWDs DROMIC report also shows there are 46,471 families (239,844 people) who live on the homes front and backyards. The cluster considers targeting these families for emergency shelter support but not for camp management. Response: The cluster is rolling out the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) to assist other clusters and humanitarian agencies in planning targeted responses. The cluster will conduct a series of two-day CCCM training for camp managers from different municipal social welfare and development offices (MSWDOs), barangay LGUs and local NGOs starting in the first week of November. Gaps & Constraints: Deployment of full-time camp managers in the evacuation sites, including IDP spontaneous settlements. More thorough tracking of displaced people in hard-to-access barangays particularly night populations since the swelling and shrinking of IDP numbers has implications on equitable provision of relief assistance inside and outside evacuation sites.

Health
Needs: Health in general: Severe damage to health infrastructure including cold chain with 130 health facilities reporting total damage and 20 reporting partial damage. Significant negative impact on routine care provision and lack of surge support for chronic conditions are exacerbated by recent events. Inadequate medicine and surgical supplies reported.
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Reproductive health services: Estimated 1,998 pregnant and 1,332 lactating women, requiring specialised services for pre- and post-natal, child health, health promotion and family planning services. Emergency obstetric and neonatal care are compromised due to damaged health facilities. Outbreak risk: Measles vaccine coverage is less than 70 per cent; nine consultations of suspect measles reported from 15 to 29 October. Significant damage to WASH infrastructure rendering access to safe water inadequate. Increased number of consultations for acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) reported in five municipalities. Mental health: Inadequate psychotropic medical supplies. Ad-hoc reports show highly traumatised population and significant fear of aftershocks. Response: Health in general: WHO and the Philippine Red Cross (PRC) provided hospital tents. Rapid cold chain assessment mission is ongoing with final report expected by 1 November. About 35 medical teams and 237 personnel deployed by Health Cluster partners. Treatment and consultation are provided in 13 evacuations centers and 17 communities. First-aid covered in two evacuation centers and 12 communities. Reproductive health services: Two sets of clinical delivery assistance kits provided. Each kit able to serve the needs of 30,000 people per three months provided to Maribojoc and Carmen. The cluster helped replenish supplies of family planning items at the Provincial Health Office (PHO), including initial supply of 200 hygiene kits for pregnant and lactating woman (PLWs) in evacuation centres. Outbreak risk: Mass immunisation for children ages 1-15 years was carried out in Maribojoc, Tubigon, Clarin, Loon, Calape, Sagbayan and Inabanga. Twenty-four suspected leptospirosis cases previously monitored from 15 to 26 October were found to be negative as per validation by the CHD. Mental health: Cluster has ordered psychotropic drugs. Gaps & Constraints: Health in general: Planning for immediate and longer term needs is in process. Temporary health facilities and backup power supplies are still needed. Damaged cold storage rooms, power supply and WASH facilities need restoration. Reproductive health services: Need for comprehensive data on RH from affected areas, and more defined listing of PLW (including adolescents) inside and outside evacuation centres. Healthcare personnel: There are limited human resources to provide essential social services. The current roster of service providers is experiencing burn-out and signs of fatigue, as they themselves are among the affected population. Outbreak risk: Consistent high quality water at health facilities is needed. Region-wide mass vaccination campaign (plus vitamin A and deworming) is planned and has to be carried out. Mental health: There is lack of mental health supporting units. Further assessments need to be carried out.

Logistics
Response: The cluster has established the third mobile storage units (MSU) near Tubigon Community Hospital. The installation of the fourth mobile storage unit is ongoing at the Bohol Community Defence Centre. One generator was delivered to Tubigon Community Hospital MSU. Two more generators are on stand-by in Tagbilaran City for deployment to the hardest-hit municipalities. WFP, co-lead agency for Logistics Cluster, has delivered pre-fabricated offices and living accommodations to Bohol. A total of 350 metric tons (mt) of food and non-food items were moved for delivery. Thirty six trucks deployed within Manila and Bohol to support government-led relief efforts. Constraints: Heavy rains delayed the MSUs installation.

Food Security
Needs: About 60,000 families or 300,000 worst-affected people are in need of immediate Family food packs food assistance. distributed The cluster targets 60,000 families in 17 worst-affected municipalities for targeted food distribution in November. Selection criteria include: hardest-hit municipalities, highest level of incidence of poverty, highest number of damaged homes and highest number of displaced families. Every two weeks the targeted beneficiaries will receive 20 kg rice and a total 6 kg of sardines, beef loaf, noodles, coffee, and Milo.
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300,000

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Response: DSWD provincial government and NGOs dispatched 300,000 family food packs as of 29 October. At the request of DSWD, the cluster delivered an additional 0.5 mt of high-energy biscuits (HEBs) via AirAsia to Bohol. This brings the total to 10.5 mt of HEBs. DSWD and WFP jointly conducted a rapid needs assessment indicating massive damages to infrastructure, including basic amenities and housing, which will make the recovery process long. Affected people, mostly dependent on eco-tourism, fisheries and agriculture, have reported loss of income and harvests. The cluster has coordinated with the Department of Education (DepEd) for immediate implementation of the school feeding in emergency programme targeting 15,000 children. Gaps & Constraints: Re-bagging of rice into 20kg packs requires the manpower of 100 people each day. Overstretched staff capacity as agencies are also responding to Bopha and Zamboanga emergencies.

Education
Needs: About 15,000 teachers and 294,275 students in Tagbilaran City and other affected Students need municipalities in Bohol need psychosocial support services (PSS). PSS providers psychosocial support need to be enlisted or trained sufficiently. The cost of damage to education infrastructure in Tagbilaran City and affected municipalities in Bohol is estimated at P334,76 million ($7.7 million). The damage includes 1,116 schools with enrolment of 225,906 students. About 283 schools throughout Central Visayas (Region VII) are worst hit by the earthquake. This includes 166 schools in Bohol, where 372 classrooms need to be replaced and 379 require repair and rehabilitation. About 910 school tents are needed for temporary learning spaces (TLS) in Bohol. DepEd continues to monitor the requirement for teaching and learning materials in affected schools. Response: DepEd conducted psychological first aid (PFA) for 480 teachers in Bohol. Selected teachers are to be trained on PFA to serve other affected teachers and students. DepEd and Save the Children conducted detailed cluster assessment in Bohol and Cebu. DepEd will use the Quick Response Fund and savings to rehabilitate the damaged classrooms and mobilise other resources to procure learning tents to be used as TLS. Sixteen school tents were provided Save the Children (5), AusAID (5) and UNICEF (6). DepEd Bohol division resorted to use of alternative learning spaces (e.g. barangay halls) and other public places for schooling. Gaps & Constraints: Several cluster members resources are still tied up with recent emergencies in Luzon and Mindanao areas. Lack of detailed assessment of damages and needs for both pre-school and basic education.

294,275

Early Recovery
Needs: Debris management (clearing of rubble from collapsed houses, government buildings and churches as well as preparation of dumpsites for the rubble) is urgently required. A thorough and comprehensive geo-hazard mapping needs to be conducted in all affected municipalities to determine hazards, risks and vulnerability of people. The Disaster Risk Reduction and Management structures and capacities of the LGUs at provincial, municipal and barangay levels need to be strengthened further. Response: The technical working group on ER under the Shelter Cluster is preparing strategies to support spontaneous demolition of houses. Communities will be provided with tool kits as well as basic protection gear. UNDP, the ER Cluster co-lead agency, will work with partners and the LGUs to prepare local dump facilities as well as material recovery facilities to accommodate the volume of debris from the earthquake. The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and the provincial authority repaired most of damaged roads and bridges, providing access to relief distribution. The district engineers office of Bohol is currently working on an assessment of public building structures, particularly schools. Gaps & Constraints:
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Lack of structural assessments for damaged homes prevents affected families returning especially given the number of aftershocks in the affected areas.

Livelihood
Needs: The cluster co-lead agency, ILO, estimates there are 440,000 affected workers from the province of Bohol. Of these, 53 per cent are wage and salaried workers while one per cent are employers and these are expected to return to work soon. However, 46 per cent of vulnerable workers are most-affected by the earthquake. The Provincial Government of Bohol estimated the loss in the tourism sector has reached almost Php 48 million ($1.1 million) based on cancelled bookings since the earthquake struck. Response: The cluster conducted a livelihood needs assessment in Cebu and Bohol between 21 and 26 October and met with the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), DSWD, Provincial Government of Bohol and Associated Labor Unions. DOLE will support affected workers through livelihood assistance package, job fairs, emergency employment and livelihood restoration. In partnership with DOLE and DSWD the next Livelihood Cluster meeting is scheduled for 8 November in Tagbilaran City. Constraints: Damaged structures including roads, bridges, public buildings and private establishments, delay the resumption of existing jobs and livelihoods. Alternative and long-term livelihood strategies are needed.

Nutrition
Needs: About 50,000 children under five, 13,300 pregnant women and 22,900 lactating Children aged 6-59 women are at high risk of acute malnutrition. This is due to disruption of maternal, months get vitamin A infant and young child feeding, primary health care services. supplementation Micronutrient supplementation of (vitamin A, de-worming and for children 6-59 months) and iron folic acid for pregnant women and postpartum women are needed. There is a need for breastfeeding and complementary feeding support and counseling for lactating women. Response: Some 8,798 children aged 6-59 months received vitamin A supplementation. Measles vaccinations are ongoing in 14 municipalities affected by the earthquake. About 1,374 lactating women and 68 pregnant women in the evacuation centres received counselling on breastfeeding, complementary feeding and general nutrition education regarding their own feeding and care. Nutrition screening using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is ongoing with six cases of moderate acute malnutrition detected so far. Nutrition Cluster meetings were held in the past week. Gaps & Constraints: Nutrition Cluster needs to be localised and strengthened. Nutrition assessments need completion, and information management and reporting system established with appropriately trained personnel. Nutrition supplies such iron folic acid need are required. The community based integrated management of acute malnutrition needs to be established.

8,798

Protection
Needs: There is no reported case of any form of gender-based violence (GBV) with the exception of one case of physical violence reported to the medical mission team in Sagbayan and one domestic violence case shared by MSWDO in one of the evacuation centre in Calape, between 22 and 28 October.

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No latrines in some evacuation centres (e.g. Tubigon Community Hospital, Loon Church Ground) or no separate toilets for women and men in most evacuation centres. GBV reporting and counselling services needed in all earthquake-affected areas. Baseline report on GBV from Bohol Crisis Center as of 14 October shows seven cases of domestic violence, one case of rape and three cases of acts of lasciviousness. Three of the seven domestic violence cases and the rape case were filed with the legal authorities. Response: The Provincial Social Welfare and Development Officers and RHWG members agreed on the importance of having an inter-agency coordination mechanism or a functional Local Committee on Anti-trafficking and Violence against Women and their Children (LCAT-VAWC) to address protection issues and GBV in time of emergencies. The GBV sub-Cluster works with Protection Cluster focal point from regional office of DSWD and DOH-CHD and PHO to coordinate targeted assistance for mental health and psychosocial support. Conducted rapid assessment on GBV with direct participation of PSWDO and Bohol Crisis Center in Sagbayan, San Isidro, Carmen, Calape, Loon and Buenavista. Gaps & Constraints: Lack of data on GBV cases due to the disruption of GBV reporting and prevention services after the earthquake. Fragmented and limited PSS available and mainly provided by DOH, NGOs, and individuals. PSWDO needs CCCM training that enables them to provide coordinated response on GBV and other protection issues.

General Coordination
The Reproductive Health Working Group (RHWG) activated with the PHO as lead, UNFPA as co-lead, with representative members from DOH, PHO focal points on maternal and child health, nutrition, adolescent reproductive health and family planning, the Integrated Midwives Association of the Philippines (IMAP), the Philippine Obstetrics and Gynecological Society (POGS), Merlin, and psychologists from Bohol academic institutions.

Funding and other contributions

29 October: The Japanese Government donated emergency relief goods worth Japanese 38 million ($387,000) through the Japan International Cooperation Agency to DSWD upon request. The relief goods include 150 tents and 485 plastic sheets to be used in and around evacuation centres. 25 October: Australian Government contributed a total of AU$3.1 million ($3 million) including A$1.1 million for prepositioned NFI supplies through the Philippine Red Cross, rice through WFP, and health and dignity kits for women through UNFPA. Another AU$1 million is allocated to respond to critical sectors identified in the Bohol Earthquake Action Plan including shelter, WASH and early recovery activities. The remaining AU$1 million is donated to replenish prepositioned supplies with partners.
All humanitarian partners, including donors and recipient agencies, are encouraged to inform OCHA's Financial Tracking Service (FTS) on cash and in-kind contributions by following this link: http://fts.unocha.org/pageloader.aspx?page=submit-reportform Information on Bohol Earthquake Action Plan Flash Appeal : http://fts.unocha.org/pageloader.aspx?page=emerg-emergencyDetails&appealID=1041 For shortcut to the list of Flash Appeal projects (grouped by clusters), project code, and funding status, please click: http://fts.unocha.org/reports/daily/ocha_R32_A1041___30_October_2013_(03_00).pdf Please contact FTS for any questions: fts@un.org

Background on the emergency An earthquake measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale hit Bohol island and nearby provinces in Region VII (Central Visayas) at 8:12 a.m. on Tuesday, 15 October. The earthquake instantly killed at least 28 people, injured 159 and displaced 40,000 families mostly in Bohol, Cebu and Siquijor provinces. The Philippines Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) said the movement of the East Bohol Fault triggered the strongest and deadliest earthquake in the Philippines in 23 years. Upon request from the Department of Social Welfare and Development and the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council on 15 October, a joint needs assessment was conducted in Bohol on 17 October.

For further information, please contact: David Carden, Head of Office, OCHA Philippines, carden@un.org, Tel: +63-2-901-0265, Cell +63-917-513-9924 Ivy Susanti, Humanitarian Affairs Officer/Reporting Officer, susantii@un.org, Tel: +63-2-843-7011, Cell +63-916-636-4234 For more information, please visit www.unocha.org www.reliefweb.int http://philippines.humanitarianresponse.info/. To be added or deleted from this Sit Rep mailing list, please e-mail: addawe@un.org

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