ParaMetRic EquAtioNs

Extension ONE Preliminary Course

Name _______________

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CAPACITY MATRIX EXTENSION 1

TOPIC: Further Parametrics (Ext) TIME: 2 weeks

CONTENT
1. Review of the Parabola as a Locus 2. Deriving equations of chords, tangents and normals 3. Applications of Parametric equations 4. Properties of the parabola 5. Locus problems

CAPACITY BREAKDOWN!
Notes Notes Ex 12.1 (Terry Lee) Ex 9.2 Q2, 5 Ex 12.2 (Terry Lee) Past HSC questions (Notes)

DONE IT!!!!

GOT IT!!!!!

ON MY WAY!

WORKING HELP!!!! ON IT!

Your say! What was the most important thing you learned?_____________________________________ What was something new you learnt? _____________________________________________ What part(s) of this topic will you need to work on? __________________________________

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The Parabola as a Locus!

(A Review) Put the following phrases into the correct order to complete a true statement for the Parabola as a Locus. of a point that is The fixed point is always a Parabola. and the fixed line The locus equidistant from a fixed point and a fixed line is called the Focus is called the Directrix.

SUMMARY!
A parabola is equidistant from a fixed point and a fixed line.

T The fixed line is called the _____________. T The fixed point is called the ______________. T The turning point of the parabola is called the ________________. T The axis of symmetry of the parabola is called its _______________. T The distance between the vertex and the focus is called the _____________________. T An interval joining any two points on the parabola is called a _______________. T A chord that passes through the focus is called a _______________________. T The focal chord that is perpendicular to the axis is called the _____________________ T A ________________ is a straight line that touches the parabola at a single point.

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The locus of point P(x, y) moving so that it is equidistant from the point (0, a) and line y = -a is a parabola with equation x2 = 4ay

T Focus at ________ T Directrix with equation ________ T Vertex at _______ T Axis with equation ________ T Focal length the distance from the vertex to
the focus with length _________ T Latus rectum that is a horizontal focal chord with length ______

The locus of point P(x, y) moving so that it is equidistant from the point (0, -a) and line y = a is a parabola with equation x2 = -4ay

T Focus at ________ T Directrix with equation ________ T Vertex at _______ T Axis with equation ________ T Focal length the distance from the vertex to
the focus with length _________ T Latus rectum that is a horizontal focal chord with length ______

The locus of point P(x, y) moving so that it is equidistant from the point (a, 0) and line x = -a is a parabola with equation y2 = 4ax

T Focus at ________ T Directrix with equation ________ T Vertex at _______ T Axis with equation ________ T Focal length the distance from the vertex to
the focus with length _________ T Latus rectum that is a horizontal focal chord with length ______

C:\Users\tracey_h-butters\Desktop\Mathematics\year_levels\math_stage6\Extension 1\preliminary\notes_prelim\parametrics\parametrics notes.doc

The locus of point P(x, y) moving so that it is equidistant from the point (-a, 0) and line x = a is a parabola with equation y2 = -4ax

T Focus at ________ T Directrix with equation ________ T Vertex at _______ T Axis with equation ________ T Focal length the distance from the vertex to
the focus with length _________ T Latus rectum that is a horizontal focal chord with length ______

The parabola with vertex (h, k) and axis parallel to the y-axis has equation (x h)2 = 4a(y k)

T Focus at ________ T Directrix with equation ________ T Vertex at _______ T Axis with equation ________ T Focal length the distance from the vertex to
the focus with length _________ T Latus rectum that is a horizontal focal chord with length ______

The parabola with vertex (h, k) and axis parallel to the x-axis has equation (y k)2 = 4a(x h)

T Focus at ________ T Directrix with equation ________ T Vertex at _______ T Axis with equation ________ T Focal length the distance from the vertex to
the focus with length _________ T Latus rectum that is a horizontal focal chord with length ______

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CHORDS, TANGENTS AND NORMALS

e.g., Find the equation of the chord joining points where t =3 and t = -2 on the parabola x = 2at, y = at2

e.g., Find the equation of the tangent to the parabola x2 = 8y at the point (4t, 2t2)

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PARAMETRIC FORMULAE
Rehash of previous work: The parabola x2 = 4ay can be written as x = 2at y = at2

If P(2ap, ap2) and Q(2aq, aq2) are any two points on the parabola x2 = 4ay, then the chord PQ has gradient p+q 2 and equation 1 y ( p + q )x + apq = 0 2 PROOF

Learn to derive some of these equations rather than memorise

If PQ is a focal chord, then pq = -1 PROOF

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The tangent to the parabola x2 = 4ay at the point P(2ap, ap2) has gradient p and equation given by y px + ap2 = 0.

The tangents to the parabola x2 = 4ay at points P(2ap, ap2) and Q(2aq, aq2) intersect at the point [a(p + q), apq]

The normal to the curve x2 = 4ay at point P(2ap, ap2) has gradient equation given by x +py = ap3 + 2ap

1 and p

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The normals to the parabola x2 = 4ay at P(2ap, ap2) and Q(2ap, aq2) intersect at [-apq( p +q ), a( p2 +pq + q2 +2]

The equations of the tangent, normal and chord can also be derived from points in Cartesian form rather than Parametric form. If point A(x1, y1) lies on the parabola x 2 = 4ay , then the equation of the tangent at A is given by xx1 = 2a( y + y1)

If point A( x1, y1) lies on the parabola x 2 = 4ay , then the equation of the normal at A is given by 2a y y1 = (x x 1 ) x1

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The equation of the chord of contact XY of tangents drawn from point (x1, y1 ) to the parabola x 2 = 4ay is given by xx1 = 2a(y + y1)

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1 1 e.g., Tangents are drawn from the point , to the points P and Q on the parabola 2 2
x 2 = 4 y . Find the equation of the chord of contact PQ and the co-ordinates of P and Q.

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Eg Find the locus of the midpoints of the chords in the parabola x 2 = 4ay that pass through (0, 2).

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PROPERTIES OF A PARABOLA
PROVE: The tangents at the end of a focal chord INTERSECT AT RIGHT ANGLES on the DIRECTRIX.

PROVE: The tangent at point P on a parabola is equally inclined to the axis of the parabola and the focal chord through P.

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS (APPLICATION)

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SOLUTIONS

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PAST HSC QUESTIONS

2009 HSC Q2

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EXT 1 HSC 2008 Q5

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EXT 1 HSC 2007 Q5

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EXT 1 HSC 2006 Q2

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PAST HSC SOLUTIONS

2009 HSC Q2

EXT 1 HSC 2008 Q4

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EXT 1 HSC 2007 Q5

EXT 1 HSC 2006 Q2

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