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Moles Cal!ulate the %eight o& a. 3.' moles o& !o$$er ())* sul&ate 3.' g + 1 mol 1#,.61 g
- .0.3'0'03. mol
- 1... mol
Cal!ulate the moles o& a. ,."3 0 10.. atoms o& zin! ,."3 0 101.. + 1 mol 6.0. 0 101.3 - 1.#2 mol
/. .., grams o& lead ()3* a!etate .., g ""3..' g4mol - 0.006#".1" mol Molarity 5o% man6 grams o& MgCl. are needed to ma7e 200.mL o& a 1." M solution8 ,3.1 g o& MgCl.
Molality 9here %as ..', g o& NaCl dissol:ed in 0.1#, L o& %ater (densit6 o& %ater is 1.00 g4mL*.
0.305 molal NaCl
De!ide i& the $ro/lem is &or molarit6; molalit6 or /oth. <rite M; m or both res$e!ti:el6 /e&ore ea!h num/er. Do not sol:e= 1.<hat mass o& !al!ium h6dro0ide must dissol:e in '#0 mL o& %ater to ma7e a .." M solution8 M ..3.6g o& C656 dissol:e in '.0. g o& a!etone. m 3.<hat mass o& glu!ose must dissol:e in "00. g o& ethanol to ma7e a 1.6 m solution8 M ".<hat :olume o& %ater must /e added to 3.# g o& !hromium ()))* !ar/onate to ma7e a 0.,0 M solution8 M #.<hat mass o& ethanol is 360. g o& su!rose dissol:ed in to ma7e a 1.6 m solution8 )& the densit6 o& ethanol is 0.', g4mL; determine the :olume o& ethanol used. both Gas Law )llustrate the gra$h o& the &ollo%ing in!lude the la/el and &ormula: a. Bo6le>s La%
/. Charle>s La%
!. ?a6-Lussa! La%
?i:e 1 e0am$le o& solution o& ea!h ?as La% a. Bo6le>s La%
Problem: A balloon with a volume of 2.0 L is filled with a gas at 3 atmospheres. If the pressure is reduced to 0.5 atmospheres without a change in temperature, what would be the volume of the balloon? Solution: ince the temperature does not change, !o"le#s law can be used. !o"le#s gas law can be e$pressed as% &i'i ( &f'f where &i ( initial pressure 'i ( initial volume &f ( final pressure 'f ( final volume )o find the final volume, solve the e*uation for 'f% 'f ( &i'i+&f 'i ( 2.0 L &i ( 3 atm &f ( 0.5 atm
'f ( ,2.0 L-,3 atm-+,0.5 atm'f ( . L+0.5 'f ( /2 L Answer: )he volume of the balloon will e$pand to /2 L.
/. Charles> La%
A container contains 5 L of nitrogen gas at 25 C. What will be its volume if the temperature increases by 35 C keeping the pressure constant Solution: !" # 5 L $" # %25C & 2'3( ) # 2*+ ) !",$" # !2,$2 -ubstituting the values. 5 L , 2*+ ) # !2 , 333 ) !2 # 5 L / 333 ) , 2*+ ) !2 # 5.5* L %Answer( !2 # $2 # %25C & 35C & 2'3( ) # 333 )
!. ?a6-Lussa!>s La%
A 20 L c"linder containing . atm of gas at 20 12. 3hat would the pressure of the gas be if the gas was heated to 00 12? Solution )he c"linder#s volume remains unchanged while the gas is heated so 4a"5Lussac#s gas law applies. 4a"5Lussac#s gas law can be e$pressed as &i+)i ( &f+)f where &i and )i are the initial pressure and absolute temperatures &f and )f are the final pressure and absolute temperature
6irst, convert the temperatures to absolute temperatures. )i ( 20 12 ( 20 7 203 8 ( 300 8 )f ( 00 12 ( 00 7 203 8 ( 350 8 9se these values in 4a"5Lussac#s e*uation and solve for & f. &f ( &i)f+)i &f ( ,. atm-$,3508-+,300 8&f ( 0 atm Answer: )he pressure will increase to 0 atm after heating the gas from 20 12 to 00 12.
d. Dalton>s La%
1) The volume of hydrogen collected over water is 453 mL at 18 %hat is its volume dry at ST&' and !8"# mm $g#
Solutions
1) &1 ( &T ( &hyd ) &water ( !8"# mm $g &* ( !+" mm $g &hyd ( !8"# mm $g , 15#5 mm $g ( !+4 mm $g -1 ( 453 mL -* ( ' T1 ( 18 ) *!3 ( *.1 / T* ( " ) *!3 ( *!3 / &1-10T1 ( &*-*0T* -* ( &1-10T1 1 T*0&* -* ( !8"# mm 1 453 mL 1 *!3 /02*.1 / 1 !+" mm) ( 43+ mL $*
62 # 6",2 !2 # / $2 # 2$"
2( 7earrange the Combine2 8as Law4 %6"!"(,$" # %62!2(,$2 !2 # 6"!"$2 , $"62 3( -ubstitute into the rearrange2 gas law4 !2 # 9%6"(%+.01 L(%2$"(: , 9%$"( %6",2( : !2 # 0%+.01 L( # 33.; L 0( Another way to solve this is to use values. as follows4 6" # 2 !" # +.01 L $" # " 62 # " !2 # / $2 # 2
<ote that the pressure 2ecreases by one3half an2 the temperature 2oubles. per the instructions in the problem. 5( -ubstitute into the rearrange2 gas law4 !2 # 9%2(%+.01 L(%2(: , 9%"( %"( : !2 # 0%+.01 L( # 33.; L
6! # n7$ where 6 # pressure ! # volume n # number of moles of gas 7 # gas constant # 1.1+ L atm , mol ) $ # absolute temperature in )elvin Ste3 1 Convert C temperature to ) $ # C & 2'3 $ # 3' C & 2'3 $ # 3"1 ) Ste3 * -olve i2eal gas law for number of moles n # 6! , 7$ n # % 3.1 atm / ;.2 L ( , % 1.1+ L atm ,mol ) / 3"1 )( n # 1.'5 mol 4nswer $here are 1.'5 mol of the i2eal gas present in the system.
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