ASEAN Regional Conference on Food Security 9 October 2013 Tee, E.-S. and Soon, J.M.

Whats for dinner in 2035?

Changing Trends in Dietary Pattern and Implications to Food and Nutrition Security in ASEAN
ASEAN Regional Conference on Food Security 9 October 2013 Tee, E.-S. and Soon, J.M.

Outline
Introduction Nutrition security, transition and changes in dietary pattern Scenario of changes in agricultural production and diets

Drivers for changing dietary pattern

Nutrition and health concerns

Implications to food and nutritional security

Intervention strategies

Conclusion and Recommendations

When: All population,

at all times

have physical and economical access to safe and nutritious food

Is food readily available? (Availability)

Ease of physical access(Accessibility)

Ease of economical access(Affordability) Nutrients metabolism and utilisation (Utilisation)

http://www.malaysiabest.net/200 8/05/08/no-rice-no-worries/

Food Security

Nutrition transition

613 million - Year 2035

http://latitudes.nu/travel-guide/

Nutrition transition
Urbanization, economic growth, mass media growth, technological changes for work, food processing and leisure activities

Stage 1 Paleolithic man Hunter-gather

Stage 2 Settlement begins, famine emerges

Stage 3 Industrialization, famine declines

Stage 4 Non-communicable diseases

Wild plants, animals, water, labor intensive

Cereals dominate, water, labor intensive

Starchy, low-fat, high fiber foods, labor intensive work

Increased fat, sugar, processed food, shift in technology of work and leisure

Lean and robust, high disease rate

Nutritional deficiencies emerge

Infectious diseases, weaning disease, stunting

Obesity emerges, noncommunicable diseases emerge

Low fertility and life expectancy

High fertility and low life expectancy

Slow mortality decline

High life expectancy; increased disability

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000

Predicted kcal consumption 2900 3200 kcal/day for developing countries by year 2030

Kilacalories / capita / day

500
0
Lao PDR Cambodia Myanmar Philippines Indonesia Viet Nam Thailand Malaysia Brunei

South East Asia Countries 1970 2009

Figure 2. 1970 vs. 2009: Energy availability in ASEAN countries (kcal/capita/day)

140000 120000

613 million

80000 70000

Rice production (1000 metric tons)

100%
100000 80000

60000 50000 40000

200%

60000

285 million
40000

30000 20000 10000 0

20000
0

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990 Year

1995

2000

2005
Indonesia Malaysia Viet Nam

2009

Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Philippines Domestic utilization as food

Myanmar Lao People's Democratic Republic Thailand

Figure 3. Rice production and consumption in SEA countries

Rice consumption (1000 metric tons)

100% 90% 80% 70% Kcal / day / capita supply 60% 50%

Sugars and Sweeteners

Fats and oils

Fish and seafood

Meat

Vegetables
40%

Fruits
30% 20% 10% 0% 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

Wheat

Rice

Year From staple diet to WMOFS (Wheat, meat, oil, fat and sugar)

Figure 4. Kilocalorie contribution of various food commodity in Malaysia

Foreign direct investment

International food trade Burgerization

Emergence of supermarkets and fast food chains

Drivers for change in dietary pattern

Local fast food consumption

Urbanization and access to social and mass media Increase in income and socioeconomic gains
Shift from fish, forestry and agricultural sector to manufacturing and services

Implications to food and nutritional security

Dietary change, less physical activities, sedentary lifestyle and occupational changes Increase in non-communicable diseases Consequences of production and consumption of meat and fish Increasing pressure on environment Food miles

Intervention Strategies
Promote healthier food options Economic measures Malaysias nutritional policies and National Plan of Action for Nutrition

National Plan of Action for Nutrition II (2006 2015) (NPAN II)

Malaysias nutritional policies and National Plan of Action for Nutrition

General Objective of NPANM II: to achieve and maintain optimal nutritional well-being of Malaysians To ensure effective implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the Plan of Action, strategies of the Plan are oriented into Foundation Enabling and Facilitating Strategies

General Objective: TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN OPTIMAL NUTRITIONAL WELL-BEING OF MALAYSIANS

To enhance the nutritional status of population
To prevent and control diet-related non-communicable diseases

Specific Objectives

Improving household food security especially among the low income group Promoting optimal infant and young children feeding practices

Enabling Strategies

Preventing and controlling nutritional deficiencies Promoting healthy eating and active living Supporting efforts to protect consumers in food quality and safety

Facilitating Strategies

Ensuring all have access to nutrition information

Continuous assessment & monitoring of nutrition situation

Promoting continuous research & development

Ensuring nutrition & dietetics are practiced by trained professionals

Strengthening institutional capacity in nutritional activities

Foundation Strategy

Incorporating nutrition objectives, considerations and components into national development policies and programmes

Conclusion
Change in dietary pattern among ASEAN counterparts (staple to WMOFS diet)
Per capita energy availability has risen significantly over the years Changes in consumption pattern and lifestyle have led to obesity and non-communicable dietary related diseases

Action plan and intervention strategies

Thank You