AR 414 Unit-3 Garden Design in History - Japanese & Mughal (Compatibility Mode) PDF

GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY
GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY: History of Landscape & Garden Design French Garden Design English Garden Design Japanese Garden Design Renaissance Garden Design Mughal Garden Design Contemporary Garden Design
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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY WHY SHOULD WE STUDY HISTORY:
Art is a continuous process, however new circumstances may be it is virtually impossible to create a work of art without antecedents.
The challenge of history is not whether it should be studied, but rather the interpretation of what is constant and therefore alive today.
All design therefore derives from impressions of gardens.
the past, conscious or
subconscious and in the modern collective landscape form the historical
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY TIMELINE: STYLES OF GARDEN DESIGN Pre 1600 Enclosed Style
1600
1650
1750 French Style 1750 Forest Style 1725

1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700
1600
1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600
1750 Augustan Style 1750 1790 1800 1810 1830 1830

1800 1800 1800
1790 Serpentine Style 1900 Picturesque Style 1940 Landscape Style 1910 Mixed/Eclectic Style 1930 Italian Revival Style 1930 Gardenesque Style 1880 1920
1900
1980 Arts & Crafts Style 2000 Abstract Style 1980 2000 Post Modern Style
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY The history of gardening extends across at least 4,000 years of human civilization. Egyptian tomb paintings of the 1500s BC are some of the earliest physical evidence of ornamental horticulture and landscape design; they depict lotus ponds surrounded by symmetrical rows of acacias and palms. Another ancient gardening tradition is of Persia: Darius the Great was said to have had a "paradise garden" and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were renowned as a Wonder of the World. Persian gardens were also organized symmetrically, along a center line known as an axis
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Egyptian Tomb Painting
Representation-Hanging Gardens of Babylon
GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY In Europe, gardening revived in Languedoc and the le-de-France in the 13th century.
Gardens at Versailles Ile de France
The formal Garden la franaise, exemplified by the Gardens of Versailles, became the dominant style of garden in Europe until the middle of the 18th century.
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY The rediscovery of descriptions of antique Roman villas and gardens led to the creation of a new form of garden, the Italian Renaissance garden in the late 15th and early 16th century.
Spanish Public Gardens
Gardens at Tivoli
The first public parks were built by the Spanish Crown in the 16th century, in Europe and the Americas.
GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY It was replaced by the English landscape garden.
English Gardens The 19th century saw a welter of historical revivals and Romantic cottage-inspired gardening.
GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY The purpose of the creation of the garden CHANGES OVER TIME Embellished farms Production Early Park Hunt and take long walks Walls and stands of trees Modern Parks Urban outdoor Space Urban Lung Recreation space Picturesque Majesty Grandeur Expansive Poetic Egyptian and Greek mythology Art No movement Romantic Moving Water Shadows Attention to detail
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THE CENTRAL CIVILIZATION West Asia Persia THE EASTERN CIVILIZATION Japan (1300-1550 AD) China India (1526 1750 AD) THE WESTERN CIVILIZATION Italy The Renaissance (1300-1550 AD) France (1650-1750 AD) England (1830-1930 AD)
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JAPANESE GARDEN
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JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY INTRODUCTION
The art of gardening is believed to be an important part of Japanese culture for many centuries.
The garden design in Japan is strongly connected to the philosophy and religion of the country. Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism were used in the creation of different garden styles in order to bring a spiritual sense to the gardens and make them places where people could spend their time in a peaceful way and meditate.
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JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY GENERAL CHARACTERS The line between garden and its
surrounding landscape is Not Distinct.
Gardens incorporate natural and artificial elements and thus, fuse the elements of nature and architecture.
In the Japanese garden, the viewer should consider nature as a picture frame into which the garden, or the man- made work of art, is inserted.
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JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN PHILOSOPHY RELIGION - Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism have influenced the garden development in Japan. Few of the Philosophies followed are as follows: Nature is the ideal. Gardens must strive to achieve it. You can idealize it, even symbolize it, but you must never create something that nature itself cannot. Without nothing, you cannot have something. i.e. The emptiness of portions of the garden, defines the elements around it. . This space of Emptiness, is called as ma. It is the true Spirit of Yin And Yang. Zen Ideology of to have nothing is to have everything is also widely used.
JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN PRINCIPLE - Balance
BALANCE, OR SUMI. i.e. Proportions and spaces creation are an essential Design principle
JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN PRINCIPLE - Formality The play of Formality in the garden is symbolic based on the topographical variation found in the Island. Hills (shin) is symbolized as Formal Garden Ponds (gyo) is symbolized as Intermediate Flat land (so) is symbolized as Informal Gardens
Formal styles were most often found at temples or palaces. Daitokuji Temple, Kyoto
JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN PRINCIPLE - Formality The intermediate styles were appropriate for residences.
Intermediate Style - Residence
The informal style are now used mostly in mountain retreats. The tea garden is always in the informal style.
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Informal Style Tea Garden Ritsurin Koen, Sanbonmatsu
JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN PRINCIPLE Concept of Time and Space - Wabi and Sabi The concept of wabi and sabi:
Wabi can denote the Spirit of the Place, Event or Object. Sabi defines time or the ideal image of Place, Event or Object.
For example: A rock can be old and covered with lichens, but if it is just a round boulder it has no wabi. We must strive to find that balance
The concepts of MA AND WABI/SABI deal with Time and Space. If the garden is our space, time is ably presented by the changing seasons.
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DESIGN PRINCIPLE Concept of Time and Space
JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY
Seasonal Changes through the Gardens of Ryonji Temple

JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN PRINCIPLE Concept of Time and Space
Seasonal Changes through the Gardens of Ryonji Temple

JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN PRINCIPLE Hide and Reveal - Miegakure The fence is a tool to enhance the concept of miegakure, or hide and reveal. Many of the fence styles offer only the merest and with of will a visual be screen screens, supplemented
planting, offering just the ghostly hints of the garden behind. While entering the house to view the garden we may well
encounter sode-gaki, or sleeve fences. This fence could screen a specific view be it a garden or another house.
JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN PRINCIPLE Hide and Reveal - Miegakure To view the garden as a whole, one must enter it and become one with the garden.
That way one can truly appreciate a garden.
One must lose oneself into the garden until the essence of time and self have no meaning
separately.
JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN PRINCIPLE Hide and Reveal - Miegakure The Miegakure in a philosophical intent, requires the garden to be discovered. Discovery does not only mean the views and vista in the gardens, but also the hidden meaning of the different elements in the gardens.
Stroll Garden, Nitobe Japanese Garden, Vancouversun, Canada

DESIGN PRINCIPLE Hide and Reveal - Miegakure
Stroll Garden, Nitobe Japanese Garden, Vancouversun, Canada

JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN PRINCIPLE Borrowed Landscape - Shakkei Borrowed scenery is the principle of "incorporating background landscape into the composition of a garden" found in traditional East Asian garden design. The term "borrowed scenery" is Chinese in origin. It is called as Shakkei in Japanese.
Gardens located at the Zhishan Garden

Garden at Tenryu-ji
JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY BASIC RULES IN THE DESIGN OF JAPANESE GARDENS Natural: that should make the garden look as if it grew by itself Asymmetry: that creates the impression of it being natural Odd numbers: It supports the effect of the asymmetry Simplicity: that follows the idea of 'less is more' Triangle: that is the most common shape for compositions made of stones, plants, etc. Contrast: that creates tension between elements Lines: that can create both tranquility and tension Curves: that softens the effect Openness: that indicates interaction between all elements
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JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS STONE LANTERN represents four natural elements: earth, water, fire and wind WATER BASIN Stone water basins, (tsukubai) were originally placed in gardens for visitors to wash their hands and mouth before the tea ceremony. FISH swimming in ponds, have a decorative and philosophical meaning GARDEN BRIDGE, called a moon bridge, whose purpose is to reflect artistic feelings. BAMBOO FENCES SEASONAL PLANTS MEANDERING PATHWAYS ROCKS AND SANDS
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BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS STONE LANTERN:
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BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS WATER BASIN:
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BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS GARDEN BRIDGE:
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BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS BAMBOO FENCES: There are three types of fences:
The short fence which extends from the house into the garden An inner fence and an outer fence. Short fences or sodegaki are screens that hide unwanted views or objects. They are about 6 or 7 feet high. Add color and texture to the garden. Materials used are bamboo, wood and twigs of bamboo or tree.
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BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS SEASONAL PLANTS:
Garden of the 10th to 12th centuries contained Cherry, Plum Trees, Pines and Willows.
Influence of the Zen sect and watercolor painting from Southern China transformed the gardens to be colorful Japanese garden in the Middle Ages.
Flowers, flowering plants and shrubs were regarded as signs of frivolity and were replaced by evergreen trees that symbolized eternity.
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BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS PATHWAYS - TOBI-ISHI :
Stepping- stones are found near the veranda or entrance of the house or tea room. The visitor of the house or room is expected to place his shoes on the stepstone before entering.
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BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS ROCKS AND SAND:
Stones are fundamental elements of Japanese gardens. Stones used are not quarried by the hand of man, but of stones shaped by nature only Used to construct the garden's paths, bridges, and walkways.
Represent a geological presence where actual mountains are not viewable or present. They are placed in odd numbers and a majority of the groupings reflect triangular shapes
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BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS ROCKS AND SAND:
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BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS FISH:
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BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS SCENERY METHODS
The Japanese garden can include three possible methods for scenery:
The first is the reduced scale scenery method. The reduced scale method takes actual natural elements and reproduces them on a smaller scale.
The second technique called symbolization and it involves generalization and abstraction; this could be accomplished by using white sand to simulate the ocean.
Borrowed views is a technique that refers to artistic use of elements that imply scenes other than those actually portrayed. An example of this would be a painting of a house in the city with a seaside dock in the middle of the street to imply a seascape scene.
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY TYPES OF JAPANESE GARDENS 1.KARESANSUI GARDENS - DRY GARDENS 2.TSUKIYAMA GARDENS - HILL GARDEN / STROLL GARDEN 3.CHANIWA GARDENS - TEA GARDENS
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY TYPES OF JAPANESE GARDENS - KARESANSUI GARDENS - DRY GARDENS Also known as rock gardens and waterless stream gardens. Influenced by Zen Buddhism and can be found at Zen temples of meditation Found in the front or rear gardens at the residences. There is no water present in these gardens. Raked gravel or sand simulates the essence of water The rocks/gravel used are chosen for their interesting natural shapes. Plants in this garden are of much less importance (and sometimes nonexistent)
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JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY KARESANSUI GARDENS - DRY GARDENS Rocks and moss symbolize ponds, islands, boats, seas, rivers, and mountains in an abstract way. Gardens were meant to be viewed from a single, seated perspective. Rocks in Karesansui are often associated with Mountains such as Mt. Penglai or Mt. Lu. Karesansui. Stones are usually off-white or grey though the occasional red or black stone were added later.
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JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY KARESANSUI GARDENS - DRY GARDENS
RYOAN JI TEMPLE - KYOTO Ryoanji, Peaceful Dragon Temple, founded in 1450s, is a built in a Buddhist temple. The garden measures of 30M long X 10Mwide.
Entrance to the Temple

JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY KARESANSUI GARDENS - DRY GARDENS Ryoanji Temple 4
1 5 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Sanded Ground Moss Stone Earth Wall Tile Pavement Ornamental Gate Verandah 7 1
Ground Floor Plan Ryoanji Stone Garden
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JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY KARESANSUI GARDENS - DRY GARDENS Ryoanji Temple Ryoan-ji (or The Temple of the Peaceful Dragon) is a Zen temple located in northwest Kyoto, Japan. The temple is one of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The garden has 15 rocks that are placed on a wide expanse of land covered with white gravel. The rocks are covered with moss, which adds a green tinge to the whole landscape. However, even though the rocks are 15, you will only see 14 of them no matter what angle you look at it, except at the top view. The creator of this masterpiece strategically placed all 15 rocks so that people can only see 14 of them.
JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY KARESANSUI GARDENS - DRY GARDENS Ryoanji Temple This is related to Zen Buddhism. In Buddhism, the number 15 signifies wholeness or completeness. In the rock garden, if you can see all 15, it means you have already attained enlightenment. The garden it is one of the most visited places in Japan for its sheer brilliance and simplicity.
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JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY TYPES OF JAPANESE GARDENS - TSUKIYAMA GARDENS - HILL / STROLL GARDEN These gardens appeared in Japan during the Edo Period, (1600-1854), at the villas of nobles or warlords They strive to make a smaller garden appear more spacious. The gardens use Shakkei-Borrowed Scenery and Meigkure-Hide & Reveal to bring the near-by mountains as a part of the Koishikawa Korakuen is a Japanese garden garden. in Tokyo, Miniature, of Mt. Lu in China Ponds, streams, hills, stones, trees, flowers, bridges, and winding paths are used frequently in this style. Often existing landscapes are reproduced on a smaller scale, or an imaginary landscape is created.
JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY TSUKIYAMA GARDENS - HILL / STROLL GARDEN Shugaku-in Imperial Villa
Middle Garden
Upper Garden Pond & Waterfall

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Lower Garden
JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY TYPES OF JAPANESE GARDENS - CHANIWA GARDENS - TEA GARDENS
G
E H B D C
F A
A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.
Kikugetsu Villa Crescent Bridge South Pond South Park Folkcraft House Mt. Shiun East Gate North Park
Plan of Tea Garden Ritsurin Koen

GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY CHANIWA GARDENS - TEA GARDENS Tea Garden at Ritsurin Koen
Sand Garden near Kikugetsu Villa
South Pond behind Kikugetsu Villa
Crescent Bridge
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Bridge behind Kikugetsu Villa

Ninnaji Temple Garden Kyoto.

MUGHAL GARDENS OF INDIA
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY INTRODUCTION MUGHAL EMPIRE : 1526 1750 EMPERORS : Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Aurangazeb The Persian influence is prominent in the Architecture and Landscape.Design Persian Background Persian concept of garden includes: Paradise garden 4 water channels divides the garden into 4 quarters, Char-bagh structure Muslim Art geometric, based on calculations. Indian background: Hindu art organic, rhythm of nature & humanity; complex & diverse. Fusion - Indo Islamic themes
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The basic quadripartite structure of a Persian Garden with the Water Feature in the Centre
GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY PHILOSPPHY: The garden in Islamic Style of architecture is not just another feature it has a welldefined meaning and it symbolizes the spirituality. According to the holy Koran, A GARDEN IS SYMBOLIC OF PARADISE. Islam being a religion that was founded in the region of Arabia always gave value to the vision of a lush green, well laid out, and watered garden and in due course came to symbolize these gardens. In Islam, it is believed that there are four rivers in paradise, Water, Milk, Wine, And Honey. From this concept the Char Bagh Style of garden planning took root
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY EXPRESSION OF GARDEN The Mughal Gardens in India were expressed as either Pleasure Gardens & Tomb Gardens. The examples of these are found at Agra, Delhi & Kashmir Symbolism was expressed basically in the relationship of circle, octagon and square. Pleasure Garden Nishant, Kashmir
Pleasure Garden Rashtrapati Bhavan, Delhi

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Tomb Garden Itimad ud dulha, Agra
GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY SYMBOLISM IN GARDEN
The Garden attempts to emulate Eden, with 4 Rivers and 4 Quadrants that represent The World. Intersection of channels symbolizes meeting of god & man The conception of the Border Landscape was both Original and on also on Grand Scale
Water Feature - Humayuns Tomb
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY MUGHAL GARDENS IN INDIA
PLEASURE GARDENS Shalimar Bagh, Kashmir Nishat Bagh, Kashmir TOMB GARDENS Humayuns Tomb, Delhi, Taj Mahal, Agra
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY COMMON FEATURE OF MUGHAL GARDEN: Straight tile-lined channels of water Bubbling fountains Trees for shade and fruit A Pavilion or gazebo Strong emphasis on flowers in beds.
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN CRITERIA SITING & RELATIONSHIP: Great importance were given to Location of Site. Visual Impact influenced the spatial organization. According to the context, Gardens were planned as extroverted space drawing in the surrounding landscape - Borrowed Landscape. Geographic Edge were exploited & enhanced
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN CRITERIA FUNCTION: Private gardens of pleasure. Users: Emperor, his family & nobles. Function: Recreation, Pleasure & Social Gathering. Spatial Organization: No defined function for spaces flexible.
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN CRITERIA SPATIAL ORGANIZATION: Walled garden. Organized on a grid of rectilinear geometry. Dominant axial alignment. Visual axis links 2 natural elements Lake & Mountain range.
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN CRITERIA SCALE: Garden are in Human Scale. No Built Components dominates the garden they are in subtle relationship and Harmonious Relationship. Change of level s gives containment.
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN CRITERIA WATER: Water used as strong Unifying Element, Water channel divides the garden into 4 major directions. Potential of water is understood & exploited in various forms - canals, water falls, chutes, fountains, tanks/ ponds. Pavilion with throne set in the centre of a tank surrounded by spouting jets of water. Functionally the water is used to cool the surrounds Form & Quality of Water itself is a profound concept..
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN CRITERIA WATER: Chadhar - salb with intricate carving on which water is made to run over, creating ripples - gives form to water. Chinni kana - small niches behind the falling water. Lamps were placed during evening. Pleasure to Senses were through: Sounds of varied quality, Sprays from fountains; Foam at foot of chadhar, Ripples & glitter of swift flowing water.
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN CRITERIA VEGETATION: Vegetation used as a very Subtle Element. Function: Aesthetic & Utilitarian Purpose. Planting done as Clumps, Avenues, Edges, Beds, etc..
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN CRITERIA SYMBOLISM : Square: material things. Circle: eternity. Octagon: Evolved from circle. Vegetation: immortality & renewal of life. Water: symbol of life.
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY TOMB GARDEN TAJ MAHAL, Agra Introduction : Taj Complex occupies a Total Area of 580 m by 300 m, the Taj Garden alone covers 300 m by 300 m.
From the Entrance gateway, a sprawling garden is viewed in front till the plinth of the The guiding principle in creating this garden is of Symmetry Taj. The Taj Garden covers most part of the Taj Complex.
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TOMB GARDEN TAJ MAHAL, Agra The char bagh, separated by the
GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY The channels were stocked with colorful fish and the gardens with beautiful birds. Royal guests were invited to the tomb - so the stables and guesthouses were also built.
watercourses originating from the A. Central, raised pool, were divided into B. 16 flowerbeds,
There were 400 plants in each bed. All the trees, either cypress (signifying death) and fruit trees (signifying life) were planted to maintain symmetry. The garden today is only peaceful region in the entire complex and the best for framing photos of the tomb with foliage.
B A B
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TOMB GARDEN TAJ MAHAL, Agra The Taj Mahal Complex can be most conveniently divided into 5 sections. 1. The 'Moonlight Garden'. 2. The Terrace Area , containing the mausoleum, mosque and jawab .
GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY 3. The Char Bagh garden Gardens. 4. The Jilau Khana containing accommodation for the tomb attendants and two subsidiary tombs. 5. The Taj Ganji, was originally a bazaar
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N
TOMB GARDEN TAJ MAHAL, Agra Moonlight Garden:
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TOMB GARDEN TAJ MAHAL, Agra Taj Gardens:
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TOMB GARDEN TAJ MAHAL, Agra Taj Gardens:
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY PLEASURE GARDEN SHALIMAR BAGH, Kashmir Introduction : Shalimar Bagh was built in 1642 by Shah Jahan The garden occupies 12.4 Hectare( 31 Acres), 587M x 251M. The Garden has 3 Terraces, a central water canal. These gardens lacked high walls as found in the rest of the country. A central channel runs axially through the central of the garden from the highest point to the lowest point. The central channel is called as the Shah Nahar which feeds the 3 terraced gardens.. There are 3 Terraced Garden, with Fountains and Chinar lined Vistas. The garden was linked to the Open Dal lake through a 1.6Km long and 11M wide Channel.
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PLEASURE GARDEN SHALIMAR BAGH, Kashmir
Beginning at the Top Of The Garden, the canal runs through each of the Baradaris (pavilions) in the garden. At each terrace, the canal flows into a Larger Pool, highlighting its baradari. Within the Shalimar Bagh, each of the three terraces had a different function and level of privacy: 1. A Public Garden (First Terrace), 2. A Private Garden, also called the Emperor's Garden (second terrace) and 3. The Zenana (harem) garden, on the third terrace
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1
PLEASURE GARDEN SHALIMAR BAGH, Kashmir The Shalimar Bagh is well known for Chini Khanas, or arched niches, behind garden waterfalls.
They are a unique feature in the Bagh. These niches were lighted at night with oil lamps, which gave a fairy tale appearance to the water falls.
However, now the niches hold pots of flower pots that reflect their colours behind the cascading water.
PLEASURE GARDEN SHALIMAR BAGH, Kashmir
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Success of Mughal garden is that it has transcended time boundary and fits well even in today's context and looks the same way as 400 years back
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GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY WHY SHOULD WE STUDY HISTORY:

All design therefore derives from impressions of gardens.

the past, conscious or

subconscious and in the modern collective landscape form the historical

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

1750 French Style 1750 Forest Style 1725

1750 Augustan Style 1750 1790 1800 1810 1830 1830

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

Egyptian Tomb Painting

Representation-Hanging Gardens of Babylon

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

Gardens at Versailles Ile de France

Spanish Public Gardens

GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY It was replaced by the English landscape garden.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY INTRODUCTION

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

surrounding landscape is Not Distinct.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY DESIGN PRINCIPLE - Balance

Intermediate Style - Residence

Informal Style Tea Garden Ritsurin Koen, Sanbonmatsu

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

DESIGN PRINCIPLE Concept of Time and Space

JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY

Seasonal Changes through the Gardens of Ryonji Temple

Seasonal Changes through the Gardens of Ryonji Temple

That way one can truly appreciate a garden.

Stroll Garden, Nitobe Japanese Garden, Vancouversun, Canada

DESIGN PRINCIPLE Hide and Reveal - Miegakure

JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY

Stroll Garden, Nitobe Japanese Garden, Vancouversun, Canada

Gardens located at the Zhishan Garden

JAPANESE GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS STONE LANTERN:

GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS WATER BASIN:

GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS GARDEN BRIDGE:

GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS SEASONAL PLANTS:

GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS PATHWAYS - TOBI-ISHI :

GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

BASIC ELEMENTS IN JAPANESE GARDENS ROCKS AND SAND:

GARDEN DESIGN IN HISTORY

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING