According to Krashen, learned competence and acquired competence develop in very different ways.

In his view, language learning occurs through the formal study of rules, patterns, and conventions, a study which enables one to talk about and consciously apply the knowledge gained. Krashen regards 'communication' as the main function of language. The focus is on teaching communicative abilities. There are 5 types of theories in language learning based on Krashens view. The first one will be The Acquisition Learning Hypothesis. This theory suggests that adult have 2 ways of learning and acquiring second language. The 'acquired system' is the product of a subconscious process. It requires interaction in the target language which is natural communication in which speakers are concentrated not in the form of their utterances, but in the communicative act. The 'learned system' is the product of formal instruction and it comprises a conscious process which results in conscious knowledge on that particular language, for example knowledge of grammar rules. For example, one of my friend is using English the whole time because he acquire the language in his house but when it came to talk formally in front of the class he stumbled on his words because he kept thinking about rules of sentence formation which weve learned formally in school. Next will be The Monitor Hypothesis. This theory is basically a development of language natural grammar monitor or editor which weve learned formally in class. This theory works when a student tried to construct a sentence while watches the form of sentence that theyve constructed. But this only happened when the student have a sufficient amount of time, theyre focusing on the grammatical form and have explicit knowledge of that form. For example, we Malaysian who study and make English as our second language will eventually encountered some moment when we let our first language affect our second language when talking but not when were writing. The third one will be The Natural Order of Hypothesis. Natural order means we acquire the language first which leads us to know about simple morphemes and other forms of sentence before we learn the complex sentence in school. For example, some people who use English in their household will learned the use of ing, and ed before they learned it in school, this is because this simple morphemes occurs in simple word use on children. For instance, the word eat-ing or clear-ed which is being used regularly.
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Next theory is The Affective Filter Hypothesis which related to learners emotional state. According to Krashen it is an adjustable filter which an individual can accept or reject the knowledge. Input must be achieved in low-anxiety contexts since acquirers with a low affective filter receive more input and interact with confidence. The filter is 'affective' because there are some factors which regulate its strength. These factors are self-confidence, motivation and anxiety state. The last theory is The Input Hypothesis which mainly about acquire the language. Krashen claims that people acquire language best by understanding input that is a little beyond their present level of competence. The 'input' should be relevant and 'not grammatically sequenced'. This for example is talking about a child and a parent who communicate with each other without thinking about the whole sentence rules.