Unit 1

1. Risk involved in exchange or foreign currency

Political risks Commercial risk Exchange control restrictions on remittances Differing tax systems Sources of funds Exchange rate fluctuations Different stages and rates of inflations Risks on non-payment

2. Factors that cause globalization of business Increase and expansion of technology Development of services that support international business Increased global competition Liberalization of cross border trade and resource movements Growing pressures Changing political situations Expanded cross national cooperation

3. Framework of international business environment International economic environment International legal and regulatory environment International social environment International political environment International cultural environment International technological environment

4. Determinants of country attractiveness Market potential Marketing support infrastructure in the country Political, legal and financial environment of the country Brand/company franchise relative to competing products/companies Degree of market fit with company policies, goals and resources

Unit 2

1. Study WTO features, impacts, role and functions. 2. Types of regional trade blocks Preferential trading agreement Free trade area Customs union Common market Economic union Political union

3. Challenges of global business Marketing Supply chain Foreign politics Finance Economics Natural catastrophe, environment and war or terrorism

4. 12 pillars of global competitiveness Institutions Macroeconomic stability Higher education and training Labour market efficiency Technological readiness Business sophistication Infrastructure Health and primary education Goods market efficiency Financial market sophistication Market size Innovation

Unit 3

1. Strategic choices vis--vis the org looking for expanding beyond the borders Exporting Licensing Joint venture Direct investment

2. Strategic planning vision, mission and values situational analysis market (customers) competition technology supplier markets labour markets the economy the regulatory environment goals, objective and targets 3. various forms of international business & relative merits exporting licensing and franchising contract manufacturing management contracting turnkey contracts assembly operations joint ventures merges and acquisitions strategic alliance

4. merits and demerits of multinational corporations Merits faster production of items decrease of prices decrease of use of man-power made works of people easy development in field of information technology and research & development offers jobs to well employed textile manufacture in the early 18th century

Demerits world into rich and poor creates economic disturbances amoung countries

5. advantage & disadvantage in various international business entry strategies exporting piggy backing countertrade foreign production licensing joint ventures ownership export processing zones (EPZ)

Unit 4
1. the range of tools available for the managers of international businesses to measure performance appraisers supervisors peers subordinates consultants customers users of services 3600 performance appraisal Methods of performance appraisal Graphic rating scales Ranking method Paired comparison method Forced distribution method Check list method Essay or free from appraisal Group appraisal Assessment centres Human resource accounting Psychological appraisal

2. International strategy of a firm affect the structure and control system Management accounting system of global companies International business activities of domestic companies

 International division structure Global organizational structures 3. Selection of expatriate managers Extroverted Adventurous Cultural sensitivity Independent Career motivated 4. Advantage and disadvantage of host country national (HCL) Advantage Familiarity with the socio economic, political and legal environment Lower cost incurred in hiring them as compared to PCN and TC Provides opportunity for advancement and promotion to local nationals Responds effectively to the host countrys demands for localization of the subsidiarys operation

Dis advantage Difficulties in exercising effective control over the subsidiary operation Communication difficulties Lack of opportunity

Unit 5

1. Causes of disputes in international business, role of multilateral agencies in settling those disputes International monetary fund(IMF) International bank for reconstruction and development(IBRD) ADB United nations conference on trade and development(UNCTAD)

2. Multilateral settlements explain? 3. Fundamental steps for negotiation an agreement The advocates approach The new creative approach Other negotiation styles

4. Ethical issues in international business Sexual and radical discrimination Human rights Price discrimination Bribery Ethical dimensions of labour conditions Harmful products Environmental issues and ethics Tele communication issues Intellectual property protection World trade organization

5. Sources and types of conflicts Community conflicts Diplomatic conflicts Environmental resources conflict External conflict Interpersonal conflicts Organisational conflicts Intra societal conflict Military conflict Religious based conflict Workplace conflict Relationship conflict