Mathematics for Australia Year 8 - Homework

CONGRUENCE AND TRANSFORMATIONS (Chapter 17)

CHAPTER 17: CONGRUENCE AND TRANSFORMATIONS

17A TRANSFORMATIONS
5 a Reflect ABC in the: i x-axis
A C -5 5 y B 5 x

ii y-axis.

REMINDER
Under a translation, every point on the figure moves a fixed distance in a given direction.

1 Translate the given figure 5 units left and 2 units down.

-5

b For each reflection in a, state the vertex coordinates of the image. i ii

2 Determine the translation from A to A0 in the following:

REMINDER
A A0

A rotation is a transformation in which every point on the figure is turned through a given angle about a fixed point. The fixed point is called the centre of rotation and is usually labelled O. 6 Rotate the given figure about O through 180 .
O

a Translate ABCD 6 units right and 4 units up.

5 y

-5 B A D

C -5

7
5

b State the vertex coordinates of the image.

-5 A B C -5 5 x

4 Reflect the following figure in the mirror line given:

m

a State the vertex coordinates of ABCD. b Rotate the figure 270 clockwise about O. c State the vertex coordinates of the image.
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CONGRUENCE AND TRANSFORMATIONS (Chapter 17)

17B CONGRUENT FIGURES

Mathematics for Australia Year 8 - Homework

4 Show that A is congruent to B by transforming A to B in a single transformation.
5 y

REMINDER
Two figures are congruent if one figure lies exactly on top of the other after a combination of translations, rotations, and reflections. 1 Are the following pairs of figures congruent? a
B -5 A -5 5 x

5 Show that A is congruent to B by transforming A to B in a combination of transformations.

5 y

b
A -5 5

-5

2 Which two of these figures are congruent? A B 6 Are the following pairs of figures congruent? a y
5

3 Quadrilaterals PQRS and WXYZ are congruent.

P Q Y 26 cm R X 58 cm 105 Z 56 58 cm

-5

-5

109 40 cm W

b
5

Determine the: a length of [QR] c perimeter of PQRS. PS b size of Qb

-5

-5

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Mathematics for Australia Year 8 - Homework

17C CONGRUENT TRIANGLES

CONGRUENCE AND TRANSFORMATIONS (Chapter 17)

f

REMINDER
Two triangles are congruent if any one of the following is true: All corresponding sides are equal in length. (SSS) 2 Which of the following triangles is congruent to the one alongside?

112 23 5 cm

Two sides and the included angle are equal. (SAS)

A
45 23 5 cm

112 23 5 cm

Two angles and a pair of corresponding sides are equal. (AAcorS)

C
45 112 23

23 5 cm 112

For right angled triangles, the hypotenuses and one pair of sides are equal. (RHS)

3 The following pairs of triangles are not drawn to scale. Determine whether each pair is congruent. If it is, what else can we deduce about them? a A B 1 State whether these pairs of triangles are congruent, giving reasons for your answers: a
D E C F

b b
R 60 S X 30 30 T Y

70 50 60 60

70 50

d
45 45

H J K

e
30

35

30 35

F L

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CONGRUENCE AND TRANSFORMATIONS (Chapter 17)

d
11 cm A 80 5 cm C B Q 5 cm R 80 11 cm

Mathematics for Australia Year 8 - Homework

b Explain why PR = SQ.

c What property of rectangles has been proven?

P

17D

PROOF USING CONGRUENCE

A

3 The diagonals of parallelogram EFGH meet at P, as shown. F

E P G H

1 Consider the isosceles triangle shown alongside.

a Show that 4EPF = 4GPH.

B M C

a Complete the following: In triangles ABM and ACM: AB = ............... fgiveng

b = ............... = .......... AMB

f......................................................g [AM] is ......................... to both triangles. ) 4ABM = 4ACM f.......................................g

b Explain why EP = GP.

b = ............... Equating corresponding angles, BAM

b What property of isosceles triangles has been proven in a?

c Explain why HP = FP.

d What property of parallelogram has been proven in c and d?

2 Consider the rectangle PQRS.

4 Use congruence to show that the opposite angles of a rhombus are equal in size.
S R D

a Show that 4PQR = 4SRQ.

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Mathematics for Australia Year 8 - Homework

REVIEW OF CHAPTER 17
1 Translate the given figures in the direction indicated. a b

CONGRUENCE AND TRANSFORMATIONS (Chapter 17)

5 Show that A is congruent to B by transforming A to B in a series of transformations:
5 y A

-5 B -5

5 units down

1 unit left and 4 units up

y

2 State the translation that maps A onto B.

5

6 The following pairs of triangles are not drawn to scale. Determine whether each pair is congruent. If it is, what else can we deduce about them? a
B C F A D E

B -5 A -5 5

a Reflect ABCD in the x-axis.

5 A -5 D y B C 5 x R W 70

66

44

66

-5

b State the coordinates of the image vertices.

7 Use congruence to show that the diagonals of a rectangle bisect each other.

4 Rotate A 90 anticlockwise about O.

5 A -5 x y

-5

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