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Suit the action to the word, the word to the action, with this
special
observance, that you o'erstep not the modesty of nature:
for any thing so
o'erdone is from the purpose of playing, whose
end, both at the first and
now, was and is, to hold as 'twere the
mirror up to nature: to show virtue
her feature, scorn her own
image, and the very age and body of the time
his form and
pressure. (Hamlet 3, 2, 17–24)
(2) The second kind of theater does not pretend to be realistic, but is
engaged in critical comment and admits that it is a theatrical artifice. It
scorns the superficial appearance of Virtue and reveals the true features
of reality. This kind of theater employs different kinds of appearance---
puppetry for instance—in order to make a moral commentary. It is meta-
theatrical, and goes out of its way to remind the audience that the
performance is not reality, that the actors are performing objects and not
real people, and that the play-script is indeed a literary script created by
a playwright--not a dialogue emerging spontaneously from the
characters onstage. It does not use the proscenium arch theater to
pretend that it is presenting an illusory slice of life, but engages in
audience interaction, and reveal aspects of its own theatrical
construction. What it presents on-stage may claim to show Virtue her
own true feature---but its success is dependent on an ethical and critical
judgment that does not always exist beneath.