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Congenital syndromes which may be characterized by heterochromia iridis include: Waardenburg syndrome, a genetic condition that can cause hearing loss and changes in coloring of the hair, skin, and eyes.
"Piebaldism" is similar to Waardenburg syndrome but is unassociated with deafness. People with this condition have patches of depigmented skin on their head and trunk, as well as on their eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes, and hair. Affected people sometimes have heterochromia iridis. Congenital "Horner's syndrome" is not a genetic syndrome, but a group of findings due to birth injury or intrauterine brain injury involving the sympathetic nervous system innervation to one eye. On the affected side, the pupil is small, the lid is drooping, and the iris is lighter. It is not associated with hearing loss or additional pigmentation anomalies. Sturge-Weber syndrome, a syndrome characterized by a port-wine stain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve on the face and tumors known as angiomas of the brain and choroid. Neurofibromatosis type 1, also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is a disorder in which there are tumors of nerve cells together with disorders of melanin, causing abnormalities of skin (and eye) pigmentation. Lisch nodules are usually present in the iris. These are clear yellow to brown dome-shaped elevations on the iris and, although they are usually present in both eyes, may be more apparent in one eye. Tuberous sclerosis, also known as Bourneville disease, causes nonmalignant tumors in various organs including the eyes. Hirschsprung disease, a bowel disorder, may be associated with iris heterochromia due to reduction is iris pigmentation. Incontinentia pigmenti, also known as BlochSulzberger syndrome, affects the skin, hair, teeth, nails, and central nervous system. In this condition, the iris may be darker in the affected eye.
Parry-Romberg syndrome, or progressive hemifacial atrophy, is a condition that causes the breakdown of the skin and soft tissues of half of the face.
Acquired conditions or diseases that may present with heterochromia iridis include: The inflammation of iritis or anterior uveitis of any cause, includingtuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and herpes simplex, may cause loss of iris pigment in the affected eye.
Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis is a condition characterized by a low-grade, asymptomatic uveitis in which the iris in the affected eye becomes hypochromic and has a washed-out, somewhat moth-eaten appearance. Posner-Schlossman Syndrome, or glaucomatocyclitic crisis, may cause a lighter iris with repeated attacks. Pigment dispersion syndrome is a condition characterized by loss of pigmentation from the posterior iris surface. This pigment is dispersed throughout the interior of the eye and deposited on various intraocular structures, including the anterior surface of the iris, causing it to darken. This condition also causes pigmentary glaucoma. Trauma, either blunt or penetrating, may cause unilateral lightening of the iris through atrophy of the iris. Prostaglandin analogue eyedrops (Xalatan, Lumigan, Travatan, and others), frequently used for the treatment of glaucoma, may cause darkening of the iris, especially in people with light-colored irises. This occurs from the stimulation of melanin production. This type of medication is also sometimes used for cosmetic purposes (Latisse) to darken and thicken the eyelashes. Retained iron-containing intraocular foreign body may cause siderosis (iron deposition within the eye) resulting in a darker iris. Blood in the anterior chamber (hyphema) of long duration from trauma can lead to iron deposition in the iris from the breakdown of blood products.
Ocular melanosis, or nevus of Ota, is a condition characterized by increased pigmentation of the eye and surrounding tissue. Iris ectropion syndrome is a condition in which the back of the iris, which is always dark and full of melanin pigment, turns onto the front of the iris through the pupillary space. Benign tumors of the iris, iris cysts, and iris abscesses can cause darkening or lightening of the iris. Malignant melanoma of the iris or metastatic tumors of the iris. Neovascular changes of the iris (rubeosis iridis) resulting from diabetes mellitus or following central retinal vein occlusion. Acquired Horner syndrome from neuroblastoma or injury/disease affecting the sympathetic nervous system in the neck. Chediak-Higashi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that may manifest in childhood with recurrent infections, peripheral neuropathy, and color changes in the skin and eye. Clouding of the cornea or color changes in the cornea from a multitude of conditions may cause the iris to falsely appear to be different in color. Conditions such as corneal scars, the very common condition of arcus senilis, or the rare condition of Wilson disease can give the appearance of iris color differences.
1. Kate Bosworth
2. Jane Seymour
3. Kiefer Sutherland
4. Mila Kunis
5. Alice Eve
6. Max Scherzer
7. Dan Aykroyd
8. Christopher Walken
9. Josh Henderson
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