Tourism Education

Museum
Archaeological museum in early situated on main street Jaffna, near the old rest house. Now it is situated in navalar road Jaffna. This museum was established in 1973, in the compound of arumuganavalars house. The museum is including the educational tourism. We are able to see ancient things especially pre-history monuments here from Stone Age period to British rule period. The archaeological department found during their study of antiquities or ancient things from temple, tanks, ponds, lacks and other placesmany things buried under these places. These are things kept here for the tourist. A number of tourists have come during the year 2010, according to the record available here. Most of them are tourists from foreign countries and

Sinhalese from southern province. Some of the things available here are given as donation. Most of the things available here are made of wood, black stone and brass. Not only these sir Lankan things but also we can see many foreign countries rare things. These things are pre- history ancient things. The under mentioned things are seen by us:Memorial stone Holy bathing tanks Wooden slipper Writing nails Status made by burnt soil Sun clock used during portages period & more etc

Central Environmental Authority [CEA]

The Central Environmental Authority is under the educational tourism. CEA is at Katchcheri. The CEA was established in August 1981 under the provision of the national environment act no 47 of 1980. The ministry of environment and natural resources which was established in December 2001 has the overall responsibility in the affairs of the CEA with the objective of integrating environmental considerations in the development process of the country. The CEA was given wider regulatory power under the national environment acts no 56 of 1988 and no 53 of 2000.

Vision:A clean and green environment through service excellence.

Mission:Flagship of the nation steering towards protecting and managing the quality of the environment by promoting public participation, enforcement, advanced technological intervention and environmental education.

Services:1. laboraty services unitThe central environmental authority has well equipped laboratory which is capable of carrying out an extensive test in water quality, air quality, noise and vibrations measurements.

2. Information services-

The national environmental information centre of the environmental authority is the national focal point for the dissemination of environmental in Sri Lanka. Data base News paper CEA library catalogue

3. Geographical informatics unitGeographical informatics unit has a well equipped GIS laboratory which has facilities to undertake GIS and remote sensing work.

Act and Regulations:1.Act

National environmental act no 47 of 1980 National environmental act no 56 of 1988 National environmental act no 53 of 2000

2. Regulations published under the NEA

National environmental regulations no 1 of 1993 Gazette notification number 772/22 dated 24th June 1993. Specifying the state agencies which PAAS Gazette notification number 859/14 dated 23rd February 1995. EIA amendment Gazette notification number 1104/22 dated 5th November 1999. EIA amendment, Gazette notification number 1108

Jaffna fort
Star shaped Jaffna Fort, spread over an area of 22 hectare within city limits, is one of the main tourist attractions in Jaffna. This Dutch Fort was built in 1680 by the Dutch over an earlier Portuguese fort. Architecturally, it's probably Asia's best example of Dutch fortifications of its period. There is the King's House, one-time residence of the Dutch commander, within Jaffna fort which is an excellent example of Dutch architecture of the period. One side of Jaffna fort is bounded by shallow lagoon water.

Vallipuram kovil Jaffna

As Buddhism started spreading all over the world, Kanchipuram was the capital of Pallava Dynasty and the great centre for Buddhist learning. A small city in between Kanchi and Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) on the banks of the river is still called Vallipuram. People started migrating to Jaffna during the time of Bodhidharma (400 AD) and created a city with the same name on the eastern coast of Sri Lanka. Although it was first a Buddhist civilization and later transformed into a Vaishnavaite civilization. Kanchipuram was a centre of Buddhist learning for a long period in history. The links between Kanchi and Vallipuram existed from time immemorial. Travelling of Buddhist priests and manufacturing of clothes and growth and production of cotton was part and parcel of the history of this region. Slowly Buddhist temples were taken over by the Hindu Brahmins and Buddhist statues were Brahmanized into Hinduism. Usually Buddhist temples were transformed into temples of Vishnu or Ganesh as evident in Kanchipuram and Vallipuram. Vallipuram is a tsunami prone area and the Indonesian volcanoes like Krakatoa and the Sumatran tectonic plate movements have a direct effect on the coast of Vallipuram. It affected the Buddhist temples and the monks who lived here bringing devastation and destruction at times. The Vishnu temple here was constructed around the 13th century. Tamil Buddhist and Hindu cults co-existed easily, even when the rulers did not, and hence a Vaishnava tradition may have existed in early times as well. The deity of the temple is called Vallipura Azhvar. Azhvar names are common in Vaishnavite tradition. This place is the first place of settlement in Sri Lanka. Rest of Sri Lanka was populated from this landing place. Vallipuram has a recorded history from the 2nd century BC, in the gold inscription, where the local ruler is named as "Azhagiri", a name confirmed in the Nelugala stone inscription (2nd century BC). King Vasabha

is also thought to be mentioned. The Buddhist list of holy places ("Naphtha") names it as "Vallipuram" or sand city. The exact details of the temple complex not known, and the famous 'Vallipuram" Buddha statue built with Dravidian sculptural traditions from Amravati, Andhra Pradesh was found in excavations below the Hindu Temple. The language of the inscription is Tamil-Prakrit, which shares several similarities with script inscriptions used in Andhra at the time. This cultural exchange between the Jaffna Tamils and Andhra Pradesh occurred at the height of Tamil trade in the Sangam period, continuing when the Telugu Satavahana dynasty was at the height of its power from 230 BC right through when its 17th monarch Hale (20-24 AD) married a princess from the island. This place is similar to Nagapatnam where all Asian vessels used it as a stopover point and the Buddhist and Hindu Dakotas are just a resting and worshipping places for the sailors and international traders. Both Nagapatnam and Vallipuram served the powerful kingdoms of China, Siam, Cambodia, Champak (Vietnam) and Java.

Point Pedro light house

A lighthouse is a tower, building, or other type of structure designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses and used as an aid to navigation for maritime pilots at sea or on inland waterways. Lighthouses mark dangerous coastlines, hazardous shoals, reefs, safe entries to harbors, and can also assist in aerial navigation. Once widely used, the number of operational lighthouses has declined due to the expense of maintenance and replacement by modern electronic navigational systems. In a lighthouse, the source of light is called the "lamp" (whether electric or fueled by oil) and the concentration of the light is by the "lens" or "optic". Originally lit by open fires and later candles, the Argand hollow wick lamp and parabolic reflector were developed around 1781 in Europe and deployed on the Cordouan lighthouse in France in 1782, with a rotating element being added in 1790. In the U.S., whale oil was used with wicks as the source of light until the Argand parabolic reflector system was introduced around 1810 by Winslow Lewis. Colza oil replaced whale oil in the early 1850s, but U.S. farmers' lack of interest in growing this caused the service to switch to lard oil in the mid-1850s. Kerosene started replacing lard oil in the 1870s and the lighthouse service was finally converted by the late 1880s. Electricity and carbide (acetylene gas) began replacing kerosene around the turn of the 20th century. Carbide was promoted by the Daln light which automatically lit the lamp at nightfall and extinguished it at dawn. Before modern strobe lights, lenses were used to concentrate the light from a continuous source. Vertical light rays of the lamp are redirected into a horizontal plane, and horizontally the light is focused into one or a few directions at a time, with the light beam swept around. As a result, in addition to seeing the side of the light beam, the light is directly visible from greater distances, and with an identifying light characteristic. This concentration of light is accomplished with a rotating lens assembly. In early lighthouses, the light source was a kerosene lamp or, earlier, an animal or vegetable oil Argand lamp, and the lenses rotated by a weight driven clockwork assembly wound by lighthouse keepers, sometimes as often as every two hours. The lens assembly sometimes floated in liquid mercury

to reduce friction. In more modern lighthouses, electric lights and motor drives were used, generally powered by diesel electric generators. These also supplied electricity for the lighthouse keepers.

Ancient history
Perhaps the most famous lighthouse in history is the Lighthouse of Alexandria, built on the island of Pharos in Hellenistic Egypt. The name Pharos is still used as the noun for "lighthouse" in some languages, for example: Albanian, Catalan, and Romanian, French, Italian, Galician, and Spanish, Armenian, Portuguese, Bulgarian, and Greek. The term philology (study of lighthouses) also derives from the island's name. The Lighthouse of Alexandria was built in 280 BC to serve as the port's landmark. With a height variously estimated between 115 and 135 meters (377 and 443 ft) it was among the tallest manmade structures on Earth for many centuries, and was identified as one of the Seven Wonders of the World by classical writers. Two lighthouses, each called the Pharos, were built at Dover soon after the Roman conquest of Britain. They were sited on the two heights (Eastern Heights and Western Heights) and modeled on the one built for Caligula's aborted invasion at Boulogne. Tang Dynasty Chinese writer Jia Dan wrote in his book (written between 785 - 805) that in the sea route forming the opening mouth of the Persian Gulf, the medieval Iranians had erected large minaret towers that served as lighthouses. Confirming the Chinese reports, a century later, Arab writers al-Mas'udi and al-Muqaddasi wrote of the same lighthouses.

Keerimalai
Keerimalai is a town in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka. Naguleswaram temple is located in this suburb also a mineral water spring called Keerimalai Springs reputed for its curative properties. In Tamil Keerimalai means Mongoose-Hill, see Naguleswaram temple. Keerimalai Naguleswaram temple, historically known also as the Thirutambaleswaram Kovil of Keerimalai, is a famous Hindu temple in Keerimalai, located north of Jaffna, Northern Province, Sri Lanka near the ancient port of Kankesanthurai. One of the oldest shrines of the region, it is the northernmost shrine on the island of the five ancient Iswarams of Lord Siva, venerated by Hindus across the world from classical antiquity. Its adjacent water tank, the Keerimalai Springs, is believed to have curative properties. Keerimalai is 50 feet above sea level, and situated west of Palaly. The fresh water comes from an underground spring source. Hindus flock in large numbers on Aadi Amaavaasai day which falls during the Tamil month of Aadi, to carry out rituals for their forefathers and take a divine dip in the natural springs. These rituals are usually carried out by men. Keerimalai is particularly famous for this festival.