Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Abo El -Asrar
infection
Infection
Infection slide
Infection Infection
scheme
scheme causative organism source of infection route of infection Infection incubation period Incubation period Incubation
Infectivity period
Page |
Infectious clinical pictures complications differential diagnosis Investigations treatment prevention and active treatment
Source of infection
source of infection carrier case human sources case or carrier animal source route of infection
animal source
Route of infection
feco oral
Page |
Incubation period
Curriculum
Incubation period scarlet fever diphtheria polio measles T.B. Prevention Infection
Page |
sepsis
chemo prophylaxis
anti toxins infection Infection neutralizing anti toxins vaccine Anti toxins passive immuno globulin chemo prophylaxis anti toxins
Page |
vaccine
attenuated
vaccines vaccination organism Live attenuated vaccine killed toxid genetic engineering genetic vaccines killed live attenuated
genetic engineering
toxoid
active treatment
Active treatment
non infectious
spread of infection non infectious Specific treatment causative organism specific treatment Organism symptomatic treatment anti pyretic anti histaminic symptoms
Page |
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar complications complications active treatment causative organism specific treatment symptomatic treatment under lying complications
discoloration raised above the surface of the skin papule papule degeneration Vesicle vesicle secondary bacterial infection
Page |
fever systemic
fever and maculo papular rash maculo papular rash erythema rosella infantum scarlet fever rubella measles infectiosum sweat rash drug eruption
fever
Page |
fever rash patho gnomonic signs Patho gnomonic sign sign differential diagnosis patho gnomonic signs rash fever
measles
Measles
measles fever
viral infection
rhinitis bronchitis
conjunctivitis
Page |
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar rash 38.5 38 rash gradually gradually suddenly rash
low grade
rash
10
rash
palm
palm rash
palm
Page |
11
branny desquamation
branny
measles
patho gnomonic sign Kopliks spots kopliks spots Pro dromal stage High grade fever
rash
prodroma rash
Page |
12
rash
Rubella
Low grade fever fever fever low grade fever Onset rubella
offset
extending
Page |
13
hair line
sole
palm rash
measles
branny desquamation
Patho gnomonic sign Patho gnomonic sign occipital post auricular Lymph nodes post auricular and occipital lymph node Are enlarged and tender
rubella mother
Occipital
Scarlet fever
pattern of fever
Page |
scarlet fever
14
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar scarlet fever pattern High grade fever measles differential diagnosis of rash
shivering
even
fever
48 onset of therapy
Page |
15
rash rash erythematous rash erythogenic toxins vasodilatation of all vessels rash
erythrogenic toxins
flushing
circum oral pallor circum oral pallor lips Lips circum oral pallor lips skin orbicularis oris muscle subcutaneous vessels dilated vessels flushing flushing circum oral pallor
Page |
16
erythematous
blanching
sole
Palm
sole
rash
branny desquamation
Page |
17
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar History of high grade fever maculo papular rash rash branny desquamation
fever
measles
Patho gnomonic sign scarlet fever patho gnomonic sign pathognomonic sign Strawberry tongue Sign red strawberry tongue white strawberry tongue red strawberry tongue white scarlet fever pathognomonic sign
roseola infantum
Roseola infantum
roseola infantum fever fever
Page |
18
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar roseola infantum High grade fever acute fever
Onset
afebrile
high grade fever Measles rash rash sudden drop of temperature drop abruptly temperature
rash
Page |
19
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Maculopapular rash trunk extending to the extremities hair line Measles
20
Erythema Infectiosum
fever Low grade fever High grade fever afebrile variable fever fever high grade Low grade fever
21
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar rash fever vesicular rash vesicle pustule Macule, papule crust
Chicken pox
fever chicken pox chicken pox
chicken pox fever Low grade fever low grade fever fever Low grade fever
22
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar vesicle pustule pustule vesicle Papule pus
trunk
centripetal
rash
exposed extremities
rash
Page |
23
scars
Guillain Barre syndrome secondary bacterial infection scars Guillain Barre syndrome encephalitis
chicken pox
Herpes Simplex
High grade fever
Page |
24
source of infection
focus of infection
I dont know
even rash
Page |
25
Herpes antibiotics antibiotics bacterial flora flaring up virus antibiotics specific treatment
herpes simplex
Herpes Zoster
Herpes Zoster
26
root Radicular pain distribution of the nerve mandibular division trigeminal C2 sparing Mandibular division rash
Ophthalmic division Herpetic ulcer Cornea Keratitis corneal ulcers corneal opacity blindness
measles
Measles
Causative organism
causative organism measles virus virus
Source of infection
Page |
27
human animals
cases only
Route of infection
Infection Droplet infection virus Nasal mucosa
nasopharynx
incubation period
Incubation period
Infectious
28
Infectively period
rash rash 12 infectious rash infectively period rash
rash rash rash rash after disappearance of the rash rash rash rash
Clinically
erupted stage
29
prodromal stage prodromal stage high grade fever conjunctivitis rhinitis rhinitis
Coryza
virus throat
rhinitis
prodromal stage
Page |
30
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar pathognomonic sign Measles generalized lymph adenopathy
Lymph adenopathy
lymph adenopathy High grade fever bronchitis conjunctivitis rhinitis Koplik's spots
nipple line
trunk
Mid thigh
trunk
31
3 convalescence stage regression Hair line face Nipple line trunk mid thigh rash rash
dark skin
Investigations scheme causative organism source of infection route of infection incubation period Infectively period clinical pictures investigations
Investigations
Page |
32
Complications
complications measles
viral infection
complications vrial infection complications complications viruses naso pharynx oro pharynx complications GIT respiratory CNS
GIT
respiratory
CNS
hyperemic
drum erythematous
Page |
33
alveoli pneumonia pneumonia viral pneumonia viral pneumonia secondary bacterial infection bacterial pneumonia
Measles
Measles pneumonia
pneumonia
Measles pneumonia
Page |
34
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Clinically Interstitium Pneumonic wheeze viral pneumonia viral pneumonia wheeze wheeze Pneumonia pneumonia
Measles
Pneumonia
measles
Pneumonia
clinically
wheeze siblent rhonchi Manifestation of pneumonia measles virus wheeze measles T.B. infection bacteria specific activation virus measles Measles
activation
Measles suppression cell mediated immunity cell mediated immunity supperssion T.B. activation Minimal change glomerulo nephritis
Page |
35
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Immuno supperssion cell mediated immunity suppression T.B. activation T.B. GIT Oral moniliasis suppression of cell mediated immunity even oral ulcers watery diarrhea viral diarrhea Gastroenteritis
GIT
GIT oral moiliasis Oral ulcers viral gastro enteritis appendicitis lymph adentitis
36
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar auto immune encephalitis allergic encephalitis auto immune encephalitis encephalitis measles viruses brain brain Cell acute encephalitis 30 sub acute sclerosis pan encephalitis slow virus infection of CNS virus measles encephalitis acute encephalitis slow viral infection of the CNS allergic encephalitis auto immune CNS Post viral infection demylination antibody sheath Guillain Barre syndrome Optic neurtitis auto immune ( allergic encephalitis) DIC post
DIC
Page |
37
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar keratitis keratitis Measles keratitis vascularization photo phobia corneal ulceration septic corneal ulcer corneal opacity viral myocarditis congestive heart failure
Differential diagnosis
common cold
Treatment
prevention Measles Immunization Passive active immunization
Page |
38
67 measles treatment treatment prevention active treatment prevention of the disease Infection avoidance of exposure to infection immunization passive Immunization active immunization passive immunization contact contact Immunoglobulin immunoglobulins
zero prevention attack abortion contacts catch up of infection Manifestation mild manifestations Manifestations complications zero attenuation
Measles measles
Page |
39
contact
exposure 0.25 Immunoglobulin viremia attack attack of measles Zero prevention zero prevention to infection
Page |
40
to abort
infection You can not abort the attack manifestations attenuation Low dose immunoglobulin
Page |
41
active immunization measles vaccine vaccine measles live attenuated vaccine dose vaccination
points
rash
rash
measles virus
specific treatment
Page |
42
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar bypass specific drug therapy measles virus
Rey syndrome
varicella
chicken pox
Measles keratitis
Keratitis corneal ulcer corneal ulcer corneal opacity and blindness you must care of the eye Prodromal stage conjunctivitis
43
rubella
Rubella
rubella Infection
Causative organism
causative organism of rubella rubella virus Measles
Source of infection
rubella Cases only rubella carrier
Page |
44
Route of infection
rubella virus Naso pharynx nose Implantation excreta route of infection droplet infection
Incubation period
rubella general roles incubation period
Infectivity period
Measles Infectious rash
rash
Page |
45
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar congenital rubella syndrome congenital rubella syndrome Infectious congenital rubella syndrome Infectious rubella Infectious
Onset of rash
rubella
Clinically
Prodromal stage
Page |
46
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Mild fever just low grade fever
rash
rash tender postro auricular occipital lymph nodes tender enlarged rash erupted stage even erupted stage maculopapular rash hair line Palm and sole rash
branny desquamation
Investigations
Page |
47
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Investigations rubella rubella Ig M anti bodies detection of rubella Ig M Not Ig G vaccine rubella Ig G Ig M recent infection of rubella
Complications
complications viral infection stress encephalitis CNS Guillain Barre syndrome encephalitis Measles viral encephalitis auto immune encephalitis allergic encephalitis rubella slow virus of the CNS
auto immune demylination of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Guillain Barre syndrome
48
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Immune thrombocytopenic purpura auto immune hemolytic anemia viral infection Post viral post viral
Treatment
Page |
49
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Pregnant female pregnant rubella rubella related
vaccine
rubella party
Page |
50
Immunization passive and active Immunization Passive immunization passive immunization infection Immunoglobulins immunoglobulins
Page |
51
active immunization live attenuated vaccine MMR vaccine an obligatory vaccine measles MMR rubella Mumps Measles Live attenuated organisms
rubella virus
tender
52
How to diagnose sub acute sclerosing pan encephalitis sub acute sclerosing pan encephalitis neuro degenrative disease
Page |
53
Most common
rubella virus
placenta
pre term Intra uterine growth retardation intra uterine growth retardation full term Neonatology Intra uterine growth retardation
STORCH
golden roles
Page |
54
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Organism virus Placenta intera uterine Intra uterine brain brain encephalitis Intra uterine period brain cell Micro cephaly micro cephaly mental retardation Mental 27 : 18
brain brain
Page |
55
ano ophthalemia
6:03
virus heart STORCH heart heart congenital heart disease rubella congenital heart disease patent ductus arterious cardiology virus Intra uterine replication endothelial cells ductus proliferation endothelial cells
Prostaglandins closure of the ductus arterious delayed closure persistent ductus arterious
Page |
56
neonatal hepatitis Lemon jaundice enlarged tender liver colored urine colored stool
STORCH infection bone marrow bone marrow Pan cytopenia anemia purpuric eruption brain
Page |
57
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar 8th cranial nerve 8th cranial nerve sensory neural defness
infant clinical manifestations congenital rubella intra uterine growth retardation small for date micro cephaly Mental retardation micro ophathalmia glucoma cataract sensory neural defness congenital heart disease patent ductus arterious neonatal jaundice hepatitis hemolysis hepatosplenomegaly Lymph adenopathy Megaly endothelial system hyperplasia neonatal thrombocytopenia And pallor After bone marrow depression
58
even blindness
Cataract
ano ophthalmia
cataract
sensory neural defness 8th cranial nerve damage nerve defness rash rubella purpuric eruption jaundice jaundice Hemolysis hepatitis purpura bone marrow depression infiltration of the bone marrow
59
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Ig M Ig G screening positive Positive solid immunity Measles rubella Ig G
rubella Ig G
treatment congenital rubella syndrome No specific treatment Only supportive treatment congential heart thrombocytopenia management neonatal jaundice
Page |
60
rubella
wart
rubella antibody
61
infection
non immune
immune
susceptible
abortion infected abortion mother about the consent of abortion is accepted or not termination of pregnancy antibodies infection susceptible
infection
Page |
62
Infection
abortion
passive immunization human serum immunoglobulins 20 - 30 intra muscular intra muscular Immunoglobulins viremia you can save the mother mother
Page |
63
antibodies
negative
antibody titer
positive antibody titer Infection Infection abortion therapeutic abortion therapeutic abortion Legal
anomalies you can terminate the pregnancy malformation baby malformation anomalies
trimester
Page |
congenital rubella
Infection
64
positive
antibody Immune
antibody rising
Chicken pox
chicken pox chicken pox
Causative organism
chicken pox causative organism Varicella zoster virus causative organism
Source of infection
cases only carrier
Varicella Varicella
Page |
65
Route of infection
skin rash skin rash infectious Infectious macule Infectious papule infectious vesicle infectious pustule crust rash infectious crust direct contact with the vesicle crust is not infectious
small pox
77
infectious
Incubation period
Page |
66
Infectively period
Infectious infectively period rash rash complete crustation of the rash crust rash chicken pox rash rash
rash rash
48: 12
Clinically
Clinically prodromal stage So mild Low grade fever
Page |
67
erupted stage
vesicle crust
vesicle
rash paleomorphic
trunk
extremities
itchy
rash
chicken pox
vesicle
68
Investigations
actually varicella zoster chicken pox
Clinically
Complications
infection
Page |
69
complications
most common complication complications chicken pox The most common complication of chicken pox is the secondary bacterial infection
The most common complication of chicken pox is the secondary bacterial infection MCQ most common complication of chicken pox complications secondary bacterial infection Pustule secondary bacterial infection Pustule chest infection Respiratory system
chicken pox
Page |
pneumonia
70
Bornchial breathing
complicated Pneumonia
Pneumonia
chicken pox
Pneumonia
Clinically
wheezy chest Pneumonia siblent rhonchi palpaption palpable wheeze audiable sound Noisy respiration wheeze varicella virus
71
encephalitis
brain
chicken pox encephalitis chicken pox encephalitis chicken pox brain cerebellum
cerebellar ataxia
congenital varicella
Page |
72
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar STORCH infection micro cephaly Varicella mental retardation extensive skin rash thrombocytopenia
bleeding
STORCH
Differential diagnosis
differential diagnosis erupted stage erupted stage herpes Simplex
Scabies
Scabies perineum
Page |
73
Scabies
Treatment
treatment prevention avoidance of exposure to infection immunization passive and active
zoster immunoglobulin
immune comperomised say Leukemia chemotherapy herpes Zoster complications immunoglobulins steroid therapy
Page |
74
Infection
72
active immunization active immunization live attenuated vaccines obligatory vaccine Live attenuated vaccines Immune compromised Immune compromised Varicella vaccine
Page |
75
Immune compromised
basics Indications
Indications
Varicella vaccine
Page |
76
Rota vaccine
chicken pox
vaccine
solid immunity
Indicated
Varicella
specific treatment
Page |
77
viral infection Varicella auto immune disorder Guillian Barre syndrome transverse myelitis allergic encephalitis
Page |
78
specific therapy
Immune system
complications treatment
Page |
79
Mumps
Causative organism
causative organism of mumps causative organism of mumps Mumps virus Mumps virs
Source of infection
cases Mumps Mumps carrier cases
Route of infection
droplet infection vomites direct contact droplet infection
Incubation period
Infectively period
Infectious Infectious
swelling
Page |
80
swelling
Infectious Just before apperance of the swelling one day Infectious swelling
later
Clinically
prodroma non specific
Non specific
salivery gland parotid gland salivery gland parotid swelling parotid swelling unilateral Raising the lobule of the ear swelling
Bilateral
Page |
bilateral Unilateral
81
Stensen's duct
opening Opposite the second molar opening of the hyperemia Stensen's duct
mumps
differential diagnosis
swelling
Page |
82
sensation
oral mucosa alkaline PH alkaline Saliva acidic salivary glands to reset the PH of the oral mucosa Hyper activity PH saliva oral mucosa Inflammation congested reactivation more congested More congested More painful sever pain Mucosa of the mouth
Mouth
83
submandibular
sublingual
Investigations
Mumps Investigations
Complications
complications of mumps meningeo encephalitis orchitis adolescent orchitis One testis severe pain bilateral unilateral testis tender examiner orchitis
edematous
Page |
84
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar orchitis testis thick tunica albuginia tunica albuginia sheath testis
tunica
testis stretch
Inflammation edema gonads gondal atrophy fertility Infertility female ooveritis ooveritis
Male
thick tunica
Acute pancreatitis
Page |
85
acute pancreatitis
pancreas
islets cells
86
8 th cranial nerve sensory neural deefness adolescent female acute mastitis hyperemia breast congestion breast severe tenderness Viral mastitis complications viral infection carditis , hepatitis myositis complications
Differential diagnosis
differential diagnosis of mumps parotid swelling acute supprative parotitis parotid
38
38
Parotid
87
mumps
swelling
88
mumps
repeated attack
mumps mumps
Page |
89
parastic infection esinophils infiltration it is not painful bilateral long duration parotid tumor huge parotid tumor parotid tumor tumors parotid tumors
cervical lymphadenitis Jugulo digastric lymph nodes tonsilitis Jugulo digastric lymph nodes parotid gland angle of the jaw Lymph nodes Mumps
Treatment
90
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Immunization active passive passive immunization Immunoglobulins immunoglobulins immunoglobulins exposure immune compromised mumps solid immunity for life 72
Immune compromised active Mumps MMR vaccine Obligatory vaccine active treatment
symptomatic treatment
sense
Page |
91
parotid
orchitis complications complications complete rest in bed orchitis congestion congestion gonads compression Infertility
92
viral infection
steroid
Polio
Causative organism
causative organism polio virus polio polio virus strains type one type two type three
type one , type two and type three Most common in Egypt Type two
Type one type Epidemics virus epidemics Most common in Egypt Type two Type three
Page |
93
solid immunity
polio
polio vaccine
polio polio
attack
polio type
vaccine attack
Source of infection
carrier
Page |
case
94
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Carrier polio carrier Immune immune polio virus carrier Immune compromised cases or carrier
Route of infection
replication
virus virus
oro and nasopharynx upper respiratory tract Manifestations droplet infection droplet infection throat intestine intestine replication stool stool stool contamination contamination
Page |
95
stool
Incubation period
Infectively peroid
Infectious polio virus stool
naso pharynx
Completely radicated
polio Stool isolation throat Isolation virus naso pharyngeal secretion stool virus stool
virus
Page |
96
Clinically
clinical pictures polio virus infection polio virus infection viral infection catch up droplet feco oral surface Nose mucosa naso pharynx naso pharynx Nose mucosa
virus
surface mucosa immune globulins A attack virus Mucosa surface virus immune system virus surface of the mucosa virus Say antibodies virus
Immune system
Page |
97
antigen processing cells Markers immune system Immune system organism criteria specific memory cells specific memory cells
catch up infection organism raising antibody memory cells strain for life protection
98
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar silent infection attack infection Immune system antibody
95
90
egyptian personnel
95
90
virus mucosa immune globulins A to attack virus replication of the virus naso pharynx replication
hoarsness of voice laryngitis small intestine virus small intestine Mucosa replication watery diarrhea Viral diarrhea
watery diarrhea
Page |
99
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Lymphatic system payer's patches Mesentric lymph nodes blood viremia
virus
immune system specific antibody complete eradication of the virus Immune globulins Mucosa surface virus surface mucosa rhinitis watery diarrhea
Abortive polio polio infection manifestations Upper respiratory tract catarrhal watery diarrhea attack Aborted CNS
100
muscle hematoma Muscle muscle capillaries Leakage of blood Muscle Muscle virus muscle virus CNS paralytic polio
Nerve supply
vagus
tonsillectomy elevation tonsillar bed vagus fibers naso pharyngeal viruses elevation of the vagus CNS paralytic polio
corticosteroids Immune system CNS virus paralytic polio paralytic risk factor intra muscular injection tonsillectomy steroid
Page |
101
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar severe muscular exertion polio abortive polio risk factors paralytic polio
clinical manifestations polio myelitis virus oro pharynx naso pharynx immune globulins A surface of the mucosa Immune globulins A virus antigen processing cells antigenic pattern virus immune system antigenic pattern immune system for life memory cells Polio virus strain Immune globulins Permanent immunity strian
Infection
catch up
Page |
102
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Infection solid immunity polio infection 95 silent polio
polio virus surface of mucosa naso pharynx gut immune globulins A eradication virus replications surface of the mucosa local manifestations Low grade fever rhinitis hoarsness of voice cough laryngeal affection
common cold gut viral diarrhea watery diarrhea virus mucosa replication
lymph node drains throat Jugulo digastric mesentric lymph nodes blood viremia
Page |
103
Immune system virus blood stream virus blood stream antigenic pattern memory cells specific immune globulins blood virus eradications surface of the mucosa watery diarrhea
virus CNS abortive polio abortive polio risk factors Predisposing factors corticosteroid tonsillectomy polio Immunity CNS Intramuscular injection sever muscular exertion
CNS
104
immune globulins immune globulins Local manifestations viremia eradication CNS blood immune system virus CNS meninges viral meningitis viral
Immune system antibody blood eradication naso pharynx mucosal membrane meninges GIT virus CNS Immune system motor neurons Main target polio Non paralytic polio
Page |
105
silent polio Mucosa abortive polio blood viremia CNS CNS viral meningitis motor neurons
Non paralytic
signs of
106
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar signs of meningeal irritations neck regidity spasm of the back muscles neck regidity spasm of the back muscles sign spelling Tripod sign back muscle spasm tripod sign tripod sign back muscles severe pain spasm back muscle back
spasm
flexion knee flexion meninges traction back meninges stretch pain tripod
hip
gluteal region
spasm
Page |
107
signs of meningeal irritation Brudzinski sign Brudziniski sign supine supine supine supine
Chin
supine meningitis meningeal irritation back muscles severe spasm meningeal irritation
knee
flexion
flexion
108
knee flexed
knee
back
pain
Knee
hip
kernig's sign
meninges
neurons
109
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar cranial nerve nuclei vaso motor centre respiratory centre bulbar polio
Bulbo spinal paralytic polio viral encephalitis encephalitic polio paralytic polio Spinal Bulbar Bulbu spinal Encephalitic criteria of paralytic polio virus virus In arndom pattern
common cold
110
triceps adductors
main target motor neurons acute stage virus neurons Say neurons biceps quadriceps What ever Pathology Bilateral or unilateral bilateral asymmetrical in distribution
Motor neurons sensory motor intact sensation anterior horn cells cranial nerve upper motor lower lower motor neuron lesion Lower motor neuron lesion neuro criteria of lower motor neuron lesion muscle weakness or paralysis hypotonia hyporeflexia muscle wasting neurons say acute stage edema suppression edema
Page |
111
neurons
edema
Say 3
3 20 neurons recovery
course Neurons progressive course course 10 30 regressive in course criteria of paralytic polio
regressive
Page |
112
Of lower motor neuron lesion Muscle weakness or paralysis Hypotonia hypo reflexia muscle wasting sensory loss main target motor neurons sensory neurons
right biceps triceps quadriceps adductors Polio infection asymmetrical virus criteria target In a random pattern
course
Page |
113
head drop posterior drop head drop neck support Head dropped
viral viral
Polio
limb
bulbar polio bulbar polio brain stem bulbar polio brain stem cranial nerve neucli cranial nerve neculi nasal tone of voice Nasal regurgitation of food
hoarsness of voice 19:55 bulbar affection facial nerve paralysis facial nerve paralysis
Page |
114
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Motor cranial nerve bulbar cranial nerves nasal regurgitation nasal tone palatal paralysis Pharyngeal paralysis
brain stem vital centers vital centers respiratory cneter slow irrgular respiration apnea so early vaso motor center
encphalitic polio encephalitis disturbed level of consciousness Signs of meningeal irritation convuslions
Page |
115
Investigations
Investigations polio polio
flaccid paralysis
polio
to isolate the virus virus virus virus stool stool virus sure
virus isolation
Page |
116
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar blood sample blood sample specific antibodies onset pharyngeal secretion pharyngeal secretion stool
antibody titer
meningitis encephalitis CSF examination CSF examination criteria viral infection bacterial tuberculosis Meningitis in general
Motling of the skin Motling of the skin cardiovascular in stability pallor Hyperemia Motling of the skin cardio vascular system instable
Complications
complications of polio
Page |
117
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar respiratory complications the main cause of death in acute polio respiratory complications acute stage respiratory complications
Central
Apnea cranial nerve bulbar affection repeated chocking chest infection aspiration
spinal spinal phernic nerve neucli diaphragmatic paralysis paradoxical respiration respiratory distress Inter costal muscle paralysis Intercostal Mild distress diaphragmatic paralysis GIT Polio virus virus infection gut virus mucosa replication gastritis gastric erosion melena hematemeis
stomach
gastritis
Page |
118
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar viral infection urinary tract Urinary tract acute urinary retention acute urinary retention acute retention of urine polio acute retention of urine
defecation
Urination
viscous Local reflex contraction of the wall relaxation of the sphincter evacuation of the bladder evacuation of the rectum
tracheostomy retention of urine and stool tracheostomy evacuation of the bladder and rectum Intra abdominal pressure Intra abdominal pressure rectum bladder complete evacuation cardiology defecation Hyper inflation of the lung diaphragm diaphragm push vertical diameter of the abdomen anterior abdominal wall contraction anterior abdominal wall contraction antero posterior diameter
Page |
119
vertical diameter contraction of the abdominal muscles antero posterior diameter Intra abdominal pressure viscous evacuation of the viscous bladder rectum
120
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar retention of urine liable to renal stones renal stones retention retained urine Liable for infection renal stones renal stones urinary tract infection Hyepr calcemia hypercalcemia Paralysed paralysed
bone
Ca apatite crystals
Page |
121
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Ca phosphate stones hyper calcemia immobility of the child retained urine Infection retained urine Stone immobility
urinary tract complications cardiovascular variable blood pressure and heart rate vaso motor center vaso motor center
inhibitory
stimulatory
musuclo skeletal musculo skeletal polio paralysed Muscle physiotherapy ankle deformity
122
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar flextion knee permanent flextion extension of the knee
contracture deformity
Left
Left
shortening
limbing limbing
Treatment
Prevention differential diagnosis Inability to walk Prevention prevention of polio prevention avoidance of exposure to infection
Page |
123
active
paralytic polio
Muscle
Hematoma
contacts
124
sabine vaccine
active treatment complete disapperance of the virus from the stool feco oral route route of infection stool virus stool
watery diarrhea abortive polio abortive polio abortive polio suspecting epidemics of polio polio myelitis watery diarrhea abortive polio
suspected
125
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar isolation virus stool complete rest in bed Immunity severe muscular exertion Paralytic polio Precipitating factors intra muscular injection tonsillectomy cortisone anti pyretics analgesics symtomatic treatment Non paralytic polio signs of meningeal irritation abortive polio
muscle spasm
Muscle relaxant
polio myelitis
Page |
126
polio myelitis
127
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar acute stage recovery 20 Muscle wasting Muscle
Intra muscular injection CNS all viruses more paralysis Old polio Old polio
Physiotherapy
sugery
Page |
128
fasiculations May be
Infectious Mononucleosis
Causative organism
causative organism Infectious mononucleosis Epstein-Barr virus
Source of infection
cases sub clinical or clinical carrier clinically sub clinical cases
Route of infection
Page |
129
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Infectious mononucleosis blood transfusion legal blood transfusion Infectious mononucleosis Legal pattern Legal pattern infectious mononucleosis Naso pharynx virus oropharynx droplet infection droplet infection through mixing of saliva through deep kissign deep kissing
polio
Page |
130
Incubation period
Incubation period
Infectivity peroid
Clinically
Infectious mononucleosis
fever infectious mononucleosis Low grade fever high grade fever Immunity fever
Immunity Immunity
Page |
131
spinal
infectious mononucleosis fever exudative pharyngitis throat Membrane toxins exudative pharyngitis pus
Splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy infectious mononucleosis fever tonsilitis Lymph nodes spleen
Epstein- Barr virus acute hepatitis Hepatomegaly acute hepatitis Liver enzyems
132
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Infectious mononucleosis maculo papular rash Maculo papular rash ampicillin ampicillin
Investigations
Investigations Infectious mononucleosis Infectious mononucleosis CBC CBC total leucocytic count
Page |
133
malignant cells
suggestive not conclusive conclusive Epstein Barr virus neuclear antigen more specific serological tests immunoflorecsent antigens M Ig M acute stage G Ig G
modern
sepcific antibody
serology
Complications
Page |
134
trumatic rupture spleen trumatic rupture spleen Internal hemorrhage Internal hemorrhage
CNS viral auto immune meningtitis aseptic meningitis encephalitis Guillian Barre syndorome Transverse myelitis auto immune cardio vascular viral pneumonia viral myocarditis hematology immune thrombocytopenic purpura Immune hemolytic anemia bone marrow aplastic anemia
Burkit lymphoma One of the risk factor nasopharyngeal carcinoma One of the risk factors Epstien Barr virus
Page |
135
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar carcinogenic factors nasopharyngeal carcinoma Burkit lymphoma
Treatment
treatment prevention active treatment
traumatic rupture spleen fresh blood transfusion consultant splenoectomy hemorrhagic shock auto immune disorder immune suppressant therapy steroid idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ITP , Guillain Barre syndrome , transverse myelitis auto immune What ever no treatment No prevention treatment
Page |
136
Bacterial infection
Scarlet fever
Causative organism
Beta hemolytic strepto cocci strain toxins strain erythrogenic toxins erythrogenic toxins
Source of infection
cases or carrier carriere carrier scarlet fever infection sore throat manifestations rash
Page |
137
Route of infection
droplet infection throat
Incubation peroid
Infectiviy period
bacteria bacteria bacterial infection Infectivity period 3 negative cultures 3 negative cultures
throat
3 negative cultures
Clinically
scarlet fever differential diagnosis of maculo papular rash prodromal stage acute onset of high grade fever
Page |
138
eruptic stage
subcutaneous vessels lips palm and sole rash Once rash desquamation desquamation dorsum and palmer surface of hand and foot fading
Page |
139
pathognomonic sign
Investigations
Investigations scarlet fever CBC Neutrophilia bacterial infection throat swab group A beta hemolytic streptococci
test
susceptible
Page |
140
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar neutralizing toxins Intra dermal 0.1 contacts 24 erythema Immune non immune erythema toxins non immune susceptible
toxins
parapharyngeal
bronchitis bronchpneumonia respiratory systemic dissementation meningitis Osteomyelitis streptococcal infection tonsillitis
complications
141
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar rheumatic fever Post streptococcal auto immune disease
Treatment
amoxacillin
Page |
142
Whooping cough
contacts neutralizing anti toxins neutralizing anti toxins rash scarlet fever
toxins
antibody
whooping cough
Causative organism
Bordetella pertussius para pertussius
Source of infection
Page |
143
Route of infection
droplet infection
Incubation period
Infectivity peroid
bacteria Infectivity peroid 3 negative cultures
Clinically
whooping cough cattarhal stage Bordetella mucosa bacterial penetration of the mucosa penetration of the mucosa bacteriemia Bordetella Bacteremia
Page |
144
145
bacteria secretion
spreading of infection
expiration
expiration
Page |
146
single expiration
expiration
whooping cough
vagus irritation
vomiting You must exclude whooping cough You must exclude whooping cough
147
vomiting
whooping cough
complication
Page |
148
Investigations
Investigations
Lymphocytosis
bacteria Bordetella TB
bacteria
Page |
colonies
149
chest X-ray chest X-ray Pneumonia broncholitis asthma chest trobules exclusion Hyper inflated chest What ever
emphysema
Complications
complications of whooping cough
child abuse
Page |
150
infectious mononucleosis
151
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar emphysema in lung Hyper inflated chest diaphragm ribbon shaped heart heart lung ribbon Lung emphysematous changes
heart
compression
secondary bacterial infection tension pneumothorax emphysematous changes pleura Pleura pleura tension diaphragm Lung compression collapse trachea to the opposite side tension pneumo thorax pneumothorax
152
brain edema defect in drainage of head and neck chronic severe cough brain edema
carpo pedal spasm alkalosis alkalosis single expiration carbon dioxide wash Carbon dioxide wash alkalosis alkalosis tetany
very sharp
teeth
Page |
153
Intake
water evaporation
abdominal muscles Contraction inguinal hernia umblical hernia Hernia Inguinal hernia umblical hernia
Page |
154
Relaxed relaxed
Subconjunctival hemorrhage subconjunctival hemorrhage mechanical complications rupture of the diaphragm very rare complication rupture of the diaphragm diaphragmatic hernia
Treatment
treatment Prevention whooping cough prevention of whooping cough
Page |
155
Immunization active or passive Passive immunization whooping cough contacts 1.5 immune globulins contact erythromycin 50 erythromycin contacts bacteria Mucosa contacts carrier carrier state eradication contacts erythromycin carrier
treatment
Page |
156
symptomatic treatment
Typhoid fever
Causative organism
Page |
157
causative organism Salmonella Salmonella typhi Salmonella para typhi Salmonella organism flagellae flagellated organism
Source of infection
source of infection feaces Mainly excreted in bile Organism stool contamination stool contact infection
carrier
organism
Page |
158
Salmonella Salmonella
Salmonella
Salmonella
animals
Page |
159
Route of infection
feco oral route
Incubation peroid
Infectivity peroid
bacteria 3 negative cultures
Clinically
typhoid prodromal stage fever pattern of fever typhoid fever
38.5 38 39 39.5 40
Page |
160
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar In a ladder step manner base line base line High grade fever in a ladder step manner
pulse brady cardia brady cardia Inspite of fever bradycardia inspite of fever typhoid toxins S.A.Node suppression S.A.Node suppression beat per minute pulse toxins
relative bradycardia
heart rate beats per minutes typhoid fever heart rate 5 relative bradycardia bradycardia
Page |
161
Charcot's fever
Upper abdomen
lower chest
Lower chest Upper abdomen constitutional manifestations severe headache malaise generalized bone ache toxiemia anorexia
white coated tongue white coated tongue typhoid toxins severe liquefaction superficial mucosa of the tongue Necrosis white coated white coated tongue
Page |
162
monillia
GIT manifestations abdominal colic abdominal colic pathology small intestine typhoid small intestine Salmonella small intestines Ulcers compression Ulcers
diarrhea
Page |
163
spleen splenomegaly
Investigations
Investigations CBC typhoid toxins suppression of the bone marrow suppression of the bone marrow normocytic normo chromic anemia total count Lymphocytes lymphopenia blood culture positive bacteremia blood culture
widal test blood culture MCQ blood culture widal test widal test negative typhoid
widal
Page |
164
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar anti H anti O vaccine Anti H anti H antibody positive
Complications
complications GIT hemorrhage Intestinal hemorrhage Ulcers wall of the small intestine
perforation of the viscous wall of the intestine Ulcers compression acute abdomen chronic cholycystitis chronic cholycystitis gall stones toxic complications Toxic myocarditis Toxic encephalopathy Bone marrow depression
Page |
165
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar surgical emergency acute cholecystitis chronic cholecystitis osteomyelitis
Orchitis
Treatment
typhoid treatment typhoid
prevention good hygiene feco oral good hygienic control of water typhoid stool typhoid contamination Contamination contamination
disposale
typhoid
Page |
166
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar typhoid good hygienic control of food and water
obligatory vaccine
vaccination vaccination
subcutaneous
Page |
167
specific drug
168
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar early infancy bacteremia bacteremia extra intestinal manifestationa of Salmonella bone osteomyelitis joints arthitis brain Meningitis testis orchitis
septic focus Just enumeration chronic carrier chronic cholecystitis Salmonella pass salmonella stool
STORCH infection
STORCH infection
STORCH syphilis S toxoplasma T
Page |
169
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar others HIV hepatitis rubella cytomegalo virus herpes Epstein Barr virus E O H R C H
consequence of STORCH infection STORCH Infection extra uterine Intra uterine Placenta Infection So early sever anomaly anomaly Intra uterine fetal death abortion
Premature delivery
Page |
170
syphilis syphilis
congenital toxoplasmosis
obligatory
Parasitology
Page |
171
toxoplasma
Clinically
Clinically toxoplasma
Page |
172
microcephaly microcephaly
toxoplasma brain Local inflammation brain Local inflammation glioma Local inflammation glioma glioma pathway CSF hydrocephalic manifestations local infection local infection gliosis glioma gliosis glioma CSF pathway Obstruction hydrocephalus SRORCH pan encephalitis intra uterine
Page |
173
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar encephalitis marked brain atrophy microcephaly Pan encephalitis STORCH toxoplasma
toxoplasma local inflammation brain brain local inflammation gliosis glioma CSF pathway hydrocephalic changes Gliosis brain fibrosis fibrous tissue gliosis
tissues
micro ophthalmia cataract optic atrophy Intra uterine infection trans placental infection rubella Organism bone marrow
Page |
174
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar bone marrow pan cytopenia pancytopenia petichae ecchymosis Purpura bleeding under the skin thrombocytopenia bone marrow depression
hemolysis of the RBCs organism hemolysis of the RBCs Neonatal jaundice anemia depression bone marrow RBCs hemolysis organism Jaundice hemolysis
hepatitis Organism neonatal hepatitis STORCH infection neonatal hepatitis Jaundice jaundice STORCH hemolysis of the RBCs neonatal hepatitis
Page |
175
bone marrow depression Hemolysis of the RBCs STORCH infection skin rash skin rash maculopapular vesicular criteria
Investigations
Investigations toxoplasmosis Skull X-ray skull X-ray micro cephaly Hydrocephaly
176
Intra cranial calcification for differential diagnosis dystrophic metastatic STORCH infection dystrophic toxoplasma
X-ray toxoplasma fundus examination fundus examination chorio retinitis toxoplsama STORCH infection chorio retinitis
Page |
177
toxoplasma
toxoplasma antibody titer raising titer active infection raising antibody titer toxoplasma active infection
Treatment
toxoplasma
toxoplasma Infected
Page |
178
treatment manifestations
G6PD
Page |
179
therapy STORCH
Clinically
brain stem
180
CMV 8th cranial nerve rubella sensory neural deafness hepato splenomegaly reticulo endothelial system hyperplasia
CMV
skull X-ray Intra cranial calcification intra cranial calcification toxoplasma calcification periventricular Periventricular calcification MRI CT MRI CT lateral ventricle Lateral ventricle
lumen
brain
ventricle
ventricle
Page |
181
CT
periventricular
abortion
Infection
catch up
Page |
182
source of infection
Treatment
Congenital syphilis
nowadys congenital syphilis
Causative organism
trepnema pallidum
Page |
183
culture
Clinically
congenital syphilis
rash
Purpura
Jaundice
Liver
congenital syphilis
Infancy period
Page |
184
Mucocutaneous lesions Mucocutaneous lesions Nose fungating mass Ulcer mucocutaneous junction
anus
anus valva
severe reaction
childhood gumma stage destructive pathology destructive pathology Nasal septum depressed nasal bridge saddle nose nose Saddle shaped nose teeth teeth tooth
Page |
185
edge
edge
deformity
heart block
Investigation
syphilis syphilis serology serum antibody specific fungating mass Mucocutaneous lesions surface dark field examination
Page |
186
immuneflorcent
Treatment
International unit
30
STORCH
Congenital herpes
congenital herpes infection Varicella Zoster virus
Page |
187
vagina
infection catch up infection birth canal Acquired type 2 herpes herpetic eruption cervix even birth canal
infection
catch up
type two herpes cesarean vaginal delivery vaginally Infection catch up birth canal
herpes
Page |
188
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar bone marrow bone marrow severe thrombocytopenia severe thrombocytopenia bleeding tendency purpura petichae ecchymosis
CNS
temporal lobe Varicella zoster cerebellum herpes temporal lobe hepatosplenomegaly Infection through the placenta STORCH Micro ophthalmia cataract Intra uterine pan encephalitis micro cephaly
Investigations
Page |
189
Virus isolation
lesion virus
Treatment
acyclovir
Page |
190
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar varicella Herpes Main causative organism herpes simplex type two
Neonatal infection
Neonatology Infection
neoborn Immunity immunity newborn Immune cells still immature T cells still immature B cells still immature macrophages immature natural killer cells still immature complement system still immature
Infection
Page |
natural barrier
191
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar PH of the stomach PH of the stomach marked acidity
PH stomach acidity PH
organism Infection
gut
Immune sysem organism feeding gut natural barrier acidic PH of the stomach acidic PH of the stomach very low
Premature rupture
rupture of membranes
12 18
Page |
192
Contamination
rupture of membranes Induction of delivery within 12 hours It is the ideal time 18 Infection catch up
Page |
193
Immune system
placenta
Infection
amionitic fluid
Page |
chorioamionitis Inflammation
194
Infected
gangrene
thrombophelbitis
195
monitoring Monitoring vaginal examination rupture membranes Monitor lead scalp Monitor
Lead
Causative organsim
Infection transplacental Infection transplacental infection transplacental STORCH
birth canal
Page |
196
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar birth canal birth canal commensal catch up
Normal commensal group B beta hemolytic streptococci vagina streptococcal viridans Mouth Immune compromised
vagina
gonorrhea
staph
Page |
197
staph pneumonia staph pneumonia infection E.Coli is so common GIT Commensal E.Coli contamination Feco oral E.Coli mastoid
Infection
Mode of infection
Page |
198
birth canal
transplacental passage
Clinically
neonatal infection infection non specific manifestations effect of toxins centrally
Infection
centers
toxins
feeding center
toxins Suppression
central effect
fungal
199
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar hemolysis infection Pallor jaundice Infection jaundice hepatitis hemolysis
cyanosis cyanosis toxemia respiratory depression cyanosis slow irregular respiration sepsis toxic or viral myocarditis heart failure
pneumonia
specific specific
200
hand writing
specific
septic focus tachypnea working ala nasi Intercostal and subcostal retraction bronchial breathing fine crepitation pneumonia
X-ray pneumonia
Page |
201
limitation of movement
meningitis signs of meningeal irritation bulging fontanelle drowsiness projectile vomiting convulsions what ever the causes focus
Neonatal infection
Investigations
Investigations CBC CBC Polymorph leucocytes
Immature WBCs
Page |
202
Infection WBCs pan cytopenia The good or bad sign bad sign bone marrow bone marrow depression
feverish very gave sign !!!!!!! bad sign severe sepsis C-reactive protein
Page |
203
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Positive infection culture and sensitivity dyspnea sputum culture
blood culture bulging fontanelle Lumbar puncture culture Intra uterine growth retardation cataract Micro ophthalmia STORCH infection screening STORCH Herpes syphilis skin lesion swab
treatment
Page |
204
viral anti
Immune globulins general condition immune globulins Immune globulins general immunity exchange transfusion exchange transfusion organism toxins thrombocytopenia anemia
exchange transfusion
urinary system
Page |
205
circumcision circumcision
Cauastive organsim
urinary system most common gram negative bacteria Most common gram negative bacteria gram negative bacteria
UTI
pseudo monas
Page |
E.Coli
206
so rare
Route of infection
route of infection most common ascending route ascending route organism urethera urinary system
Perinum
Newborn hematogenous septic focus organism urinary system septic focus UTI urinary system ascending route Hematogenous Newborn
Risk factors
risk factors for UTI
UTI
Page |
risk factor
207
un circumcised boy
retention of urine Urinary system pathway Obstruction retention of urine infection retained urine
vesico ureteric reflex urinary bladder wall ureter wall of the bladder Muscles trigone wall of the bladder contraction ureter contraction of the bladder ureter urine
Ureter wall
contraction Urine
Page |
208
urine
bladder
Ureter bladder
fibrosis
stricture
urethera
Page |
209
Hematuria cystitis
contamination
contaminated
So common
Page |
210
15
speciality Neck
UTI
pityriasis alba
anorexia
Page |
211
uropathic bladder paraplegia neurologic insult nerogenic bladder retention repeated infection
Clinically
Page |
212
infant infant
Renal colic
rhinitis
Page |
213
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar kidney palpation Marked tenderness loin Pyelonephritis nausea and vomiting manifestations of toxemia vomiting nausea diarrhea UTI UTI UTI
secondary gastroenteritis
214
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar marked tenderness flanks other manifestations toxemia
cystitis cystitis
dysuria
Marked dysuria
215
spinal cord
signals
bladder
Urine
Incontinence
Nocturnal enuresis
Page |
216
Investigations
Investigations
circumcision in females
Page |
217
Page |
218
Page |
219
Page |
220
Investigations Investigations CBC neutrophils lecocytosis bacteria common Urine analysis Pus cells Over one hundred Acute infection normal pus cells High power field 5 cells 2
accepted
Page |
221
pus cells
RBCs Hematuria
Urine UTI
PH PH acidic
proteus infection
alkaline
PH
mid stream Mid stream urine analysis urine analysis and culture urine analysis culture
Page |
222
wash
Post prandial
Urine analysis
Page |
223
genitalia
Page |
224
sample
collection
urine culture and sensitivity UTI colony 100 UTI UTI specific pathogen
UTI
Page |
225
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar UTI Manifestations blood culture fever renal function
Plain X-ray Radio opaque stones precipitating factor abdominal sonar hydronephrosis urinary system anomalies
Stool analysis To exclude the pin worm stool analysis Pin worm To exclude Repeated UTI
Treatment
226
ampicillin
3rd generation
oral form
Page |
227
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar urinary system Urinary system renal blood flow urinary system wash
PH
acidic urine
acidification
acidic urine organism alkalinization of the urine urine alkalinization acidification Except
underlying etiology
228
Urinary tract stasis Urinary tract obstruction anatomical defects urinary system
Infection
full dose
Page |
229
Urine culture
culture sterile
Urine
Immunization
Active immunization active immunity passive
Page |
230
antibody antibody
artificial
artificial vaccine natural infection natural infection Infection life long immunity For life Memory cells antibody for life protection
rubella
Page |
231
antigenicity pattern
toxins
scarlet fever anti neutralizing antibody erythrogenic toxins for life Permenant immunity scarlet fever scarlet fever rash
M protein
Page |
232
scarlet fever strain sore throat fever erythrogenic rash Scarlet fever
artificial vaccination
Infection
Page |
233
vaccination
Vaccination
obligatory vaccine vaccine
Page |
234
side effect
TB TB
BCG
Nature Live attenuated vaccine route of administration Intra dermal ID dose 0.1
deltoid
insertion
Page |
235
deltoid
BCG scar
deltoid Insertion
BCG
BCG
positive
Page |
236
BCG
tuberclous scar BCG scar BCG still BCG contra indication contra indication BCG Live attenuated live attenuated Absoultely contra indicated in immune deficient vaccine chicken pox Live attenuated vaccine immune deficient chicken pox Live attenuated Ohterwise Immune compromised immune deficiency BCG tuberculin positive
Page |
BCG
237
measles infection Measles infection cell mediated immunity suppression Measles cell mediated immunity suppression fluminant reaction
contra indication
local suppuration
sinus
238
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar axilla cold abscess enlarged axillary lymph nodes cold abscess BCG Oral BCG oral BCG Live attenuated oral It is very effective vaccine
scar
Oral BCG
Page |
239
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Polio vaccine Live attenuated killed type Sabin vaccine salk vaccine
sabin
Immunity active immunity passive immunity active immunity natural Infection diseases Immune system
natural infection
antibodies antibodies
Memory cells
Memory cells antibodies for life protective MMR rubella Mumps measles
Page |
240
virus strain Immunity strain antigenic vaccine Natural infection strain short term immunity dual immune response scarlet fever M protein strepto cocci antibodies Immune system strepto coccal strain scarlet fever erythrogenic toxins erythrogenic toxins antibodies strepto coccal strain antibody for life short term immunity erythrogenic toxins
Page |
241
strain local manifestation strepto cocci sore throat tonsillitis Otitis media rash
Immune globulins immune globulins G placenta Ig M whooping cough whooping cough whooping cough
Page |
242
bordetella pertusis
antibody Para pertusis antibody Ig M Immune response Ig G Ig M Ig M Ig G Shift Ig M placenta whooping cough
whooping cough
protection
artificial protective mechanism viral infection immune globulins bacterial infection chemo prophylaxis vaccination obligatory vaccine Obligatory vaccine
vaccine written
vaccine
Page |
243
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar vaccine Live attenuated killed organism toxoid genetic engineering route of administration Polio oral MMR subcutaneous Measles Hepatitis Intra muscular DPT route of administation dose
salk vaccine
Obligatory vaccine
vaccine
side effects
BCG vaccine
vaccines Powder BCG vial Powder BCG vial
Page |
244
Intra dermal
0.1
Page |
245
BCG Once tuberculin test tuberculin test negative BCG Is not valid Protective mechanism BCG booster dose negative Tuberculin test
contra indication BCG tuberculin test positive tuberculin test positive immune commpetent sensitization infection Immune system BCG positive tuberculin test
BCG TB bacilli
Page |
246
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar extensive local Lymph adenitis Lymph nodes contra indication side effects
Even
Live attenuated vaccine Live attenuated vaccine organism live attenuated vaccine immune deficient course chicken pox main indication Live attenuated Manifestations of chicken pox infection
Immune deficient
Measles
suppression
healing by scar
Page |
Caseous material
247
local reaction valid Immune system Immune response extensive local suppuration scar It is a good sign
Intra dermal
subcutaneous subcutaneous through the lymphatic drainage organism axillary lymph nodes
axillary lymph nodes enlarged Matted together cold abscess tuberculosis axillary lymphadenopathy cold abscess subcutaneous Intra dermal Immune deficient
Page |
248
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Intra dermal Organism lymphatic system extensive lymphadenitis cold abscess INH therapy INH therapy axillary lymphadenopathy
Oral BCG intra dermal countries Not available preservation time vaccination
technology vaccine
oral
Page |
249
mucosa
tuberculin test
vaccines
Polio vaccine
Polio vaccine live attenuated Sabin salk
salk vaccine
sabin
Nature of the vaccine vaccine Live attenuated sabin Killed vaccine salk live attenuated Killed vaccine
Page |
sabin salk
250
Oral
sabin
vaccine oral
80 vaccination 18 15 target
mass vaccination
mass
sabin
Intra muscular
Page |
salk vaccine
251
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar salk vaccine polio vaccine salk salk vaccine
sabin
Leukemia
Say
Immune deficiency
Page |
252
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar sabin salk sabin Immune compromised salk 11 salk vaccine
sabin Live attenuated oropharyngeal secretion oropharyngeal stool vaccine live attenuated virus feco oral droplet Leukemia polio Immune deficiency salk vaccine
cortisone
contraindication
Page |
253
salk vaccine attack of fever epidemics of polio IM epidemics of polio IM IM Paralytic polio abortive polio Intra muscular fever manifestations fever Non paralytic polio paralytic polio epidemics of polio myelititis abortive
side effects Live attenuated sabin Polio myelitis Immune compromised Immune compromised Polio
polio
Page |
254
Paralysis
fetus fetus
salk vaccine epidemics of polio abortive non paralytic polio Paralytic polio Intra muscular side effects Intra muscular injection Intra muscular injection osteomyelitis Pyogenic arthritis what ever
bone
vaccine
DPT vaccine
DPT DPT toxoid killed bacteria tetanus pertusis
pertusis
255
thigh
dose
Indication
Page |
256
febrile convulsion
epilpsy DPT
epilpsy
DT epilpsy
peripheral neuropathy
Page |
257
DPT DT Pertusis
DPT DT side effects encephalitis Neuritis Pericipitation Pertusis polio Intra muscular Local intra muscular complications abscess formation contamination vaccine
Hepatitis vaccine
hepatitis B vaccine is obligatory vaccine date of birth hepatitis B vaccine Obligatory
Page |
258
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar adult Nothing hepatitis A vaccine hepatitis A Hepatitis A virus it is not obligatory in egypt hepatitis B vaccine obligatory Hepatitis A
Immune response positive Negative titer free hepatitis B surface antigen Positive infection Infected Hepatitis B surface antigen
Intra muscular
Page |
259
zero zero
Say
hepatitis B vaccine
contraindication
MMR vaccine
MMR vaccine Live attenuated vaccine an obligatory vaccine in Egypt MMR Nowadays MMR
Page |
260
Immune globulins
MMR
vaccine
virus
booster dose
18 12 dose subcutaneous
Page |
261
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar contra indications Live attenuated vaccine Immune compromised measles active tuberculosis Measles vaccines measles infection Measles infection measles vaccines cell mediated immunity suppression active tuberculosis MMR febrile Polio myelitis side effects Immune compromised encephalitis TB infection activation TB Immune compromised Measles measles rash advantages of MMR vaccines measles natural infection MMR
manifestations
rubella
Mumps
fever Infection
262
Meningitis
dry type
wet type
bulbar wet type Spinal dry type respiratory complications wet type of respiratory complications bulbar affection repeated aspiration and chocking secretion wet type pneumonia dry type intercostal muscles diaphragmatic Paralysis respiratory center
Page |
263
septic meningitis
septic meningitis septic meningitis bacteria Organism group B birth canal commensal birth canal commensal commensal E.Coli
females
perineal region
Nisseria
strepto coccal
pus
264
leptospirosis
Non infectous cause Leukemic infiltration Leukemia Meninges meningitis Lymphoma arsenic Lymph Post vaccincation Pertusis vaccine Intra thecal injection chemmotherapy lumbar puncture Infection meningitis
Clinically
Meningitis rules
meningitis
features of increased intra cranial pressure features of increased intra cranial pressure
Irritable
Page |
265
morphia
blurring of vision
blurring of vision
severe headache
severe
neck stiffness
blurring of vision
266
babies
drwosiness high arched back high pitched cry disturbed level of consciousness and coma
sternum
chin
positive
Burdziniski sign
kering's sign
Page |
267
meningitis meningitis Lumbar puncture Lumbar puncture manifestations of increased intra cranial tension Lumbar puncture chemotherapy Increased intra cranial tension cerebellum Herniation
level plapation L4 and L5 L3 and L 4 spinal cord spinal trauma Needle Inter vertebral space needle
CSF
Page |
268
Normal CSF lumbar puncture cardio respiratory distress trauma respiratory failure
tension
cerebellum
herniation
needle
infection
Lumbar puncture
clear
Page |
Colorless
269
57
2800 lumbar puncture Intra thecal very critical diagnostic Chemotherapeutic injection lumbar puncture traumatic
Page |
270
score
Under screen
Lumbar puncture
Lumbar puncture
bacterial meningitis
Page |
271
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar bacterial meningitis CSF viral Normal tension 80 50
50
viral meningitis
clear
5 cells
cells
Neutrophils Lymphocytes
bacterial meningitis
Page |
272
viral meningitis
culture blood culture meningeo coccal meningitis Organism meningitis in general can isolate the organism through the blood culture CBC Leucocytosis bacterial Polymorph viral lymphocytosis
Leucocytic count low Meningitis Prognosis is so bad sepsis good sign bad sign leucocytic count leucocytic count
Complication
complications
Page |
273
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar water house spelling supra renal hemorrhage supra renal hemorrhage addisonian crisis DIC skin DIC bleeding DIC
Neurological complication Neurological quadriplegia attack ataxia attack transverse myelitis attack cerebellum Herniation attack subdural effusion Hydrocephalus neurological symptoms
subdural effusion
subdural effusion subdural effusion pneumococcal infection H. Infleunza capsulated organism subdural effusion suspect
Page |
274
focal neurological signs weakness One limb convulsion focal signs what ever skull circumference skull circumference subdural effusion complicated pneumo coccal infection H. Infleunza
Treatment
manifestations of increased intra cranial pressure manifestations of increased intra cranial pressure antibiotics
Increased intracranial tension brain dehydrating measures antibiotic cortisone Lasix mannitol
Page |
275
brain edema Anti inflammatory antibiotic therapy bacteria Lysis Lysis of bacteria inflammatory mediators brain edema Meningitis corticosteriod is mandtory
antibiotics according to culture and sensitivity sensitivity culture third generation cephalosporin chloramphincol chloramphincol depression bone marrow third generation cephalosporin
organism antibiotic
Page |
276
H. infleunza
Un complicated
Nisseria meningitidis
gram negative
vaccine
277
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Meningitis Prognosis Is excellent prognosis within 48 hours an excellent prognosis
Tuberculosis
tuberculosis T.B.
Causative organism
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Route of infection
droplet infection
Source of infection
cases
Incubation period
Infectivity period
Infectious bacterial 3 negative sputum cultures Pulmonary tuberculosis
Page |
T.B.
278
Hygiene
Clinically
primary tuberculosis primary tuberculosis Infection mycobacterium tuberculosis
Page |
279
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar primary complex pathology organism immune system Local reaction
Organism
Lymphatic drainage draining lymph node juglo digastric lymph nodes primary tonsillar complex
Lymph nodes T.B. bacilli Immune system antigenic pattern Infection Localization
primary pulmonary complex Organism droplet infection airway right bronchus right lung trachea right continuity right bronchus
bronchus lower part of the upper lobe Upper part of the lower lobe local reaction Sub pleural Local granulomatous lung tissue sub pleural
280
38
anorexia
cough
Local reaction Organism draining lymph nodes hilar mediastinal lymph nodes mediastinal lymphadenitis mediastinal lymphadenitis esophagus dysphagia trachea brassy cough
Page |
281
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar recurrent laryngeal nerve hoarsness of voice Mediastinal compression symptoms
positive spine sign hoarseness of voice dysphagia brassy cough Mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement allergic reaction primary tuberculosis allergic reaction erythema nodosum erythema nodosum intra dermal
secondary tuberculosis TB
Page |
282
Leukemia
reactivation bacilli Immune system Immune system TB bacilli at the site of reactivation
Page |
283
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar caseous material caseous material cavity formation extensive local destructive reaction
draining lymmph nodes Pressure manifestation draining lymph nodes very very low
reaction
manifestation of tuberculous toxemia night fever Night sweating Loss of weight anorexia
huge amount of sputum caseous cavity caseous material dry Productive cough cough
284
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar Loss of weight chest pain Lung hemoptysis night sweating GERD TB toxemia pallor extra pulmonary extra pulmonary TB
lung
CNS
TB CNS
tuberculoma Meningitis
choroid tubercle
disseminated TB choroid
pleura pleural effusion Heart pericardial effusion bones pott's disease vertebrae tuberculous arthitis Joint
Page |
285
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar genito urinary system Kidney TB infection GIT
extra pulmonary Lung pleural effusion TB pleural effusion Lung TB tuberculous reaction lung TB caseous material pleura cavity effusion pleura tuberculous osteomyelitis pleura TB pleural effusion Mediastinal lymph nodes pleural effusion What ever rupture subpleural focus caseous lymph nodes osteomyelitis
286
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar massive effusion manifestation of pleural effusion chest pleural effusion respiratory distress affected side limitation of movement Limitation of movement massive effusion bluge
diminished
Pleural exam
Pleural tap lumbar puncture excess protein glucose LDH TB bacilli culture
pericardial effusion
pericardial effusion Tuberculous pericardial effusion Pericardial pericardial sac collection pericaridal effusion X ray flask shaped apperance cardiomegaly
Page |
287
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar TB bacilli pleura Lymph nodes Lung What ever TB pericardial effusion miliary TB Immune compromised TB bacilli bacteria vein blood stream vein two organs
systemic dissemination
choroid tubercle
signs of miliary TB Lymph nodes Liver and spleen Meningitis Peritonitis skin fundus
288
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar respiratory distress neonatal infection respiratory distress cold TB fever Failure to thrive Splenomegaly Lymphadenopathy
tuberculin test Negative positive immunity extra pulmonary Lymph nodes Lymph nodes Lymph nodes Lymph nodes cortex Lymph nodes cortex Lymph nodes enlarged Lymph nodes tender firm matted together
Page |
289
spreading
Immunity resolution necrosis caseation sinus TB meningitis Meningitis tuberculoma space occupying lesion
sinus formation
brain
Investigations
TB Investigations tuberculous X-ray X-ray cavitation caseation Medial lobe collapse pleural effusion pericardial effusion chest X-ray mediastinal lymph nodes chest TB chest X- ray specific for TB
tuberculin test tuberculin test TB bacilli antigenic part purified protein derivitives TB bacilli antigenic part
Page |
290
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar 0.1 5 unit 0.1 5 unit 0.1 unit intra dermal forearm
Positive
tuberculous
Page |
291
Infection Dr. Abo El -Asrar TB diagnostic tuberculin test sero conversion sero conversion tuberculin test negative Positive
tuberculous tuberculin test negative cell mediated immunity tuberculin test tuberculous tuberculin negative vaccine
Page |
292
dermis
infection positive tuberculin tuberculin Incubation period pre allergic state pre allergic disease Incubation period Negative tuberculin test cell mediated immunity supression infection
Page |
293
Infection
www.facebook.com/dr.tafreegh
Page |
294