Highway Engineering 2

1. Introduction of Pavement

2. Pavement Construction Materials

3. Pavement Construction Equipment 4. Unpaved pavement

5. Base and Sub-base

6. Bitumen treated pavement 7. Asphalt Mix Pavement

8. Concrete Pavement
9. Introduction of Pavement Maintenance 10.Road Damages and Causes 11.Road Test and Pavement Performance 12.Road Maintenance Works
Dr.Eng. Trn Th Kim ng

Introduction of Pavement

1. Types of Pavement

2. Pavement Layers

Dr.Eng. Trn Th Kim ng

Lp mt trn Lp mt dui Lp mng trn

Wearing course Binder course Road base (Base)

Kt cu o ung (~1,2m)

Lp mng dui

Sub-Base

Lp y o ung

Capping layer (improved sub-grade)

Subgrade

Mng nn t trong khu vc tc dng

Nn p hoc t t nhin Embankment or Natural ground (Sub - Grage)

Dr.Eng. Trn Th Kim ng

Road foundation Surfacing

A ung

Tng mng

Tng mt

C b

B/2 1,5-2%

1:m

1 2 3 d 4 Bm/2

1. 2. 3. 4.

Concrete Slabs Leveling Layer Base/Subbase Layer Subgrade

Dr.Eng. Trn Th Kim ng

AC fine mix AC medium mix Graded Crushed stone - Type 1

Bitumen Sealing Graded Crushed Stone - Type 1

15

15

Graded crushed stone - Type 2

30

20

Graded Crushed Stone - Type 2

Subgrade
Subgrage

15

Graded Crushed Stone - Type 1

20

Graded Crushed Stone - Type 2

Natural Gravel

Subgrade

24

Dr.Eng. Trn Th Kim ng

12 cm

Macadam

15

Graded Crushed Stone - Type 1

30 cm

Natural Gravel

20

Graded Crushed Stone - Type 2

Subgrade

12 cm

Dense Macadam
5 7

AC fine mix AC medium mix Graded Crushed stone - Type 1

30 cm

Macadam
15

20 cm 6 cm

B tng xi mng lp ghp Ct gia c xi mng

Cement treated sand

30

Paving concrete brick

Graded crushed stone - Type 2

Subgrage

Dr.Eng. Trn Th Kim ng

FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE

REGID PAVEMENT STRUCTURE

AC fine mix
24

AC medium mix Graded Crushed stone - Type 1

#350 cement slab Bitumen treated coarse sand 6% cement treated crushed stone

15

Graded crushed stone - Type 2

20

30

15

Graded Crushed Stone - Type 2

Subgrage Subgrade

Dr.Eng. Trn Th Kim ng

Asphalt Concrete Pavement

Asphalt Concrete Pavement

Bitumen Treatment Surface

Natural Gravel Pavement

Dr.Eng. Trn Th Kim ng

Cement Concrete Pavement

Block Pavement (Stone Paving)

Block Pavement (Cement Brick Paving)

Dr.Eng. Trn Th Kim ng

Soil and Natural Gravel

Rock

Binders

Man-made block materials

Recycling materials

Poor grading Well graded

Aggregate - Single-sized - Poor grading - Well graded Block

Organic Nonorganic

-Bricks (concrete; fired clay

Pavement recycling Waste materials

Bitumen/Cement stabilized base

Asphalt Mix Cement Treated Cement Concrete

Dr.Eng. Trn Th Kim ng

Introduction of Pavement

1. Types of Pavement

2. Pavement Layers

Dr.Eng. Trn Th Kim ng

Pavement Layers

UNBOUND PAVEMENT LAYERS Unbound pavement layers can include capping layers, sub-base courses and base courses constructed from gravel and stone materials without addition of a binder. Some minor rural pavement can have surface of unbound layer. Unbound materials can be spread by hand of by use of motor grader, or even a dozer, then compacted to specified density using suitable rollers, normally static or vibrating steel rollers. Optimum water content normally is required while compacting for achieving the specified density. Grading and plasticity of unbound materials are commonly major factors impact the qualification of unbound pavement. Criteria for construction quality control of unbound layers are density, CBR which can be defined in-lab or in-situ tests.
Dr.Eng. Trn Th Kim ng

Pavement Layers
STABILIZED PAVEMENT LAYERS Stabilization can be defined as any process in which soil/ natural gravel/ crushed stone is improved more stable. Mechanical stabilization is the process where the material is made more stable by adjusting the particle size distribution (made grading better). Chemical stabilization improves properties of soil/natural gravel/ crushed stone, such as cement/lime stabilization Mechanical & adhesion stabilization is process in which bitumen is used as binder to improve adhesion between soil/aggregate particles. Mix design is required for stabilized layer. Materials qualification of soil/ aggregate and of mix as well must be control during construction. Stabilized layers may be construction using either the mix-in-place method or plant-mix method. Mix-in-place operation is taken on construction with stabilizer using in situ subgrade or borrow soil
Dr.Eng. Trn Th Kim ng

Pavement Layers
ASPHALT PAVEMENT LAYERS Asphalt pavements or bituminous pavements consist of selected mineral aggregate bound together by bituminous binder. Asphalt includes a multitude of different pavement types ranging from thin surface dressings to thick layers of asphalt concrete. A surface dressing (surface treatment) is a wearing course made by a thin film of binder which is sprayed on to the road surface and immediately covered with a single layer of stone chippings of uniform size. A single surface dressing consists of one application of binder and chippings. If two applications are used, the wearing course is called a double surface dressing. Premixed asphalt is a paving material manufactured by mixing aggregates, filler and bitumen. Asphalt concrete is made from a continuously graded aggregate. Asphalt concrete of different qualities ay used for the construction of wearing course, binders course and base course.
Dr.Eng. Trn Th Kim ng