Ministerul Educaiei din Republica Moldova Universitatea de Stat de Relaii Internaionale din Moldova Facultatea Drept Catedra: Drept

Disciplina: Limba engleza

Legal Glossary

elaborat: rdea Nicolae An.I, gr 1DR1-rom

Chiinau

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!"e accused

A #erson or grou# o$ #eo#le %ho are charged %i&h or on &rial $or a crime.

Acu'a&ul

(he o$$icers o$ &he cour& or &he #ress mus& no& re$er &o &he accused as ) &he &hie$* or ) &he murderer* +e$ore a sen&ence on him is #assed.

ccused#s benc" !o appear in a court o$ la% ssessor

A s#ecial #lace %here are si&ua&ed accused. (o arri-e in$ron& o$ &he .udge a& &he la% cour&. An e0#er& in a #ar&icular su+.ec& %ho is as1ed +y a cour& or o&her o$$icial grou# &o gi-e ad-ice. A la%yer in ,ri&ain %ho has &he righ& &o argue cases in &he higher cour&s o$ la%. (o order some+ody &o a##ear in cour&.

,anca acu'a&ilor A a#area in $a&a /e has a more serious legii #ro+lem %ich o+liges him &o a##ear in a criminal cour& o$ la%. Asesor, (he go-ernmen& e-alua&or a##oin&ed inde#enden& con&rolor assessors &o re-ie% &he -ia+ili&y o$ &he remaining coal mines. A-oca& #ledan& A +arris&er %ill 2in 3area re#resen& him in cour& ,ri&anie4 and #lead his case. A $i con-oca& A in&en&a o ac&iune A conduce de'+a&erile A consul&a un a-oca& /e %as summoned &o a##ear +e$ore &he magis&ra&es. (hey &hrea&ened &o sue i$ &he %or1 %as no& com#le&ed. (he .udge conduc& &he #roceedings.

&arrister

!o be summoned !o sue' to bring tocourt

(o ma1e a claim agains& some+ody in cour& a+ou& some&hing &ha& &hey ha-e said or done &o harm you. !o conduct (o organi'e, guide or t"e proceedings lead &he #rocedure a& &he cour& o$ .us&ice. !o consult a (o ge& in$orma&ion a+ou& solicitor a case $rom a solici&or.

Counsel $or t"e de$ence Counsel $or t"e prosecution

A la%yer or grou# o$ la%yers re#resen&ing some+ody in cour&. A la%yer or grou# o$ la%yer accusing some+ody in cour&.

A #erson %ill consul& a solici&or i$ he needs &he assis&ance o$ &he la% $or a s&raigh&$or%ard a-erage #ro+lem. A-oca& al Counsel $or &he a#ararii de$ence has &he righ& &o cross-e0amine. 5rocuror, a-oca& (he counsel $or &he al acu'arii #rosecu&ion %ill address &he .ury and

Court o$ (ustice

Cour& o$ la% or 2la%4 cour&.

(ri+unal

#resen& his case. (he la%s &he 5arlamen& ma1es ha-e &o +e in&er#re&ed, and &his is &he .o+ o$ &he cour&s o$ .us&ice.

District court

A cour& &ha& deals %i&h cases in a #ar&icular area. Discussion a+ou& a su+.ec& %here &here is disagreemen&. (he $ac&s, signs or o+.ec&s &ha& ma1e you +elie-e &ha& some&hing is &rue.

Dispute

(ri+unal .ude&ean 2de dis&ric&, dis&ric&ual4 Li&igiu, con$lic&

Evidence

Do-e'i #ro+e

(he union is in dis#u&e %i&h managemen& o-er %or1ing hours. I %as as1ed &o gi-e e-idence a& &he &rial.

Corroborative evidence )earsa* Re#resen&s %ha& a evidence %i&nesses sa%, no& %ha& he heard $rom o&her #eo#le. !o gat"er (o accumula&e evidence e-idence. !o give evidence (o o$$er e-idence or #roo$.

5ro+e care se coro+orea'a 5ro+e indirec&e

+uilt +uilt*

Innocent

(he $ac& &ha& some+ody has done some&hing illegal. :eeling ashamed +ecause you ha-e done some&hing &ha& you 1no% is %rong or ha-e no& done some&hing &ha& you should ha-e done. No& guil&y o$ a crime, e&c; no& ha-ing done some&hing %rong.

6nder 7nglish la%, hearsay e-idence is no& generally &a1en in&o considera&ion. A aduna #ro+e (he la%yer ga&her e-idence in order &o +e ready $or &rial. A de#une 8n gi-ing e-idence mar&urie &he %i&ness mus& no& lea-e &he cour& &o #re-en& his un&ing %i&h la&er %i&nesses. 9ina /is guil& %as #ro-ed +eyond all dou+& +y &he #rosecu&ion. 9ino-a& (he .ury re&urns &he -erdic& )guil&y* or )no& guil&y*.

Ne-ino-a&

A #erson accused o$ a crime mus& +e su##osed innocen& un&il

!o "ear )earing ,uror

(o lis&en &o and .udge a case in cour&. An o##or&uni&y &o e0#lain your ac&ions, ideas or o#inions. A mem+er o$ a .ury.

A audia Audiere <ura&

,ur*

Murder Murderer

A grou# o$ mem+ers o$ &he #u+lic %ho lis&en &o &he $ac&s o$ a case in a cour& and decide %he&her or no& some+ody is guil&y o$ a crime. (he crime o$ 1illing some+ody deli+era&ely

Com#le& de .udeca&a

his guil& has +een #ro-ed. (oday &he .ury +egan &o hear &he e-idence. (he +oy gi-es some+ody a $air hearing. In $u&ure, my neigh+our, %ich is a mechanich, %ill +ecome a .uror. 3os& &a0-#yers are la+le &o +e summoned $or .ury ser-ice +e&%een &he ages !1 and =". >he has +een charged %i&h &he a&&em#&ed murder o$ her hus+and. (he o$$icers o$ &he cour& or &he #ress mus& no& re$er &o &he accused as ) &he &hie$* or ) &he murderer* +e$ore a sen&ence on him is #assed. (he .udge %ill #ass a sen&ence on him. A +arris&er %ill re#resen& him in cour& and #lead his case.

Crima

A #erson %ho has 1illed Criminal, ucigas some+ody deli+era&ely and illegally.

!o pass a sentence !o plead a case

!o prove -roo$

!o reac" agreement

(o s&a&e a -erdic& A #ronun&a o es#ecially o$$icially. sen&in&a (o #resen& a case &o a A #leda in&r-un cour& or &o de$end clien&?s #roces, a a#ara 2in in&eres&s. cali&a&e de a-oca&4 in&eresele unei #ar&i (o use $ac&s, e-idence, A #ro+a, a (he la%yer &ry &o e&c. &o sho% &ha& do-edi #ro-e &ha& his clien& is some&hing is &rue. innocen&. In$orma&ion, documen&s, Do-ada, #ro+a (he +urden o$ #roo$ e&c. &ha& sho% &ha& in criminal cases some&hing is &rue. generally res&s on &he #rosecu&ion. (o achie-e a #ar&icular A a.unge la un (he counsel $or &he aim. consens #rosecu&ion and &he counsel $or &he de$ence

!o return a verdict !o rule Sentence Suspended sentence Sentence to prison !o snatc"

(o gi-e a decision a+ou& some&hing in cour&. A s&a&emen& o$ %ha& you are ad-ised &o do in a #ar&icular si&ua&ion (he #unishmen& gi-en +y a cour&. (o o$$icially delay &he #unishmen&. (he #unishmen& &o .ail gi-en +y a cour&.

can reach a agreemen&. A comunica un (he .ury re&urns &he -erdic& -erdic& )guil&y* or )no& guil&y*. A decide, a (he #risoners +rea1 a dis#une lo& o$ rule. >en&in&a 2de (he .udge %ill #ass a condamnare4 sen&ence on him. >us#endare de (he .udge can ma1e i& #edea#sa a sus#ended sen&ence. A condamna la (he .udge gi-e inchisoare sen&ence &o #rison $or cons&a+le %ho had arres&ed. A ins$aca, a (he raiders sna&ched inha&a, a #rinde A1"" $rom &he cash regis&er. A-oca& (o +ecome a consul&an& solici&or, a #erson mus& s#end some &ime in &he o$$ice o$ a $irm o $ solici&ors. A re'uma 2da&ele Bhen &he &%o sides ca'ului, ha-e #resen&ed &heir #rocesului4 cases &he .udge gi-es his summing-u#. >u#ra-eghere (he #olice are 1ee#ing &he sus#ec& under cins&an& sur-eillance. A de#une .uramin& :ur& Bi&ness is re@uired &o s%ear on oa&h. 5olice are in-es&iga&ing &he &he$& o$ com#u&ers $rom &he com#anyCs o$$ices. (he o$$icers o$ &he cour& or &he #ress mus& no& re$er &o &he accused

(o &a1e some&hing @uic1ly and o$&en rudely or roughly. Solicitor A la%yer %ho #re#ares legal documen&s, $or e0am#le $or &he sale o$ land or +uildings, ad-ises #eo#le on legal ma&&ers, and can s#ea1 $or &hem in some cour&s o$ la%. !o sum up' to (o s&a&e &he main #oin&s ma.e t"e o$ some&hing in a shor& summing up and clear $orm. Surveillance (he ac& o$ care$ully %a&ching a #erson sus#ec&ed o$ a crime or a #lace %here a crime may +e commi&&ed. !o s%ear on (o +e o+liged &o say oat" only &he &ru&h and no&hing else !"e$t (he crime o$ s&ealing some&hing $rom a #erson or #lace. !"ie$ A #erson %ho s&eals some&hing $rom ano&her #erson or #lace.

/oD

A $ormal e0amina&ion o$ e-idence in cour& +y a .udge and o$&en a .ury, &o decide i$ some+ody accused o$ a crime is guil&y or no&. !o tr* a case (o .udge a dis#u&e.

!rial

as ) &he thief* or ) &he murderer* +e$ore a sen&ence on him is #assed. <udeca&a, #roces 5ar&ici#a&ing in a &rial a +arris&er may +e counsel $or &he #lai&i$$ or counsel $or &he de$endan&. A .udeca un con$lic&

(he .udge &ry a case %hich include homicide. !o retr* a (o .udge again adis#u&e A re.udicia un (he .udge re&ry a case case %hich %as .udge +e$ore. con$lic& 2#roces4 +ecause &he las& sen&ence %as incorrec&. /erdict A decision &ha& is made 9erdic&, deci'ie (he .ury re&urns &he +y a .ury in cour&, s&a&ing a unei ins&an&e -erdic& )guil&y* or )no& i$ some+ody is considered .udeca&ores&i guil&y*. guil&y o$ a crime or no&. !o %arrant A legal documen& &ha& is A .us&i$ica, a (he si&ua&ion scarcely signed +y a .udge and indre#&a&i %arran&s &heirE&hem gi-es &he #olice au&hori&y +eing dismissed. &o do some&hing. 0ill A legal documen& &ha& (es&amen& 3y $a&her le$& me &he says %ha& is &o ha##en &o house in his %ill. some+odyCs money and #ro#er&y a$&er &hey die. !o contest a A com#e&i&ion in %hich A con&es&a un %ill #eo#le &ry &o %in %ill. &es&amen& !o ma.e A-si $ace one#s %ill &es&amen&ul 0itness A #erson %ho sees 3ar&or Bi&ness is re@uired &o some&hing ha##en and is s%ear on oa&h. a+le &o descri+e i& &o o&her #eo#le. 0itness bo1 Bi&ness doc1 ,anca mar&orilor 7-idence is gi-en in &he %i&ness +o0. !o ac2uit (o decide and s&a&e A achi&a /e %as ac@ui&&ed on o$$icially in cour& &ha& &he grounds o$ some+ody is no& guil&y o$ insu$$icien& e-idence. a crime. ssizes A cour& in &he #as& %hich >esiune /e %as &ried and &ra-elled &o each coun&y o$ #eriodica a cur&ii sen&enced a& &he

7ngland and Bales. !o be committed $or trial &odil* "arm

cu .ura&i A $i &rimis in .udeca&a

assi'es.

Le'iune cor#orala +rievous 9ery serious #hysical Le'iune bodil* "arm in.ury. cor#orala gra-a Case A @ues&ion &o +e decided 5rocess Bhen does her case in cour&. come +e$ore &he cour&F Civil case A s#ecial &y#e o$ o$$ense 5rocess ci-il /e has a more easier %hich should +e decided #ro+lem %ich o+liges in cour& him &o a##ear in a ci-il cour& o$ la%. Criminal case 5rocess #enal /e has a more serious #ro+lem %ich o+liges him &o a##ear in a criminal cour& o$ la%. !o c"allenge a (o in-i&e .uror &o en&er a A cere (hey +o&h ha-e &he (uror com#e&i&ion, $igh&, e&c. schim+area unui righ& &o challenge se-en .ura& .urors. Clemenc* Gindness sho%n &o Clemen&a, (he .ury can some+ody %hen &hey are ingaduin&a, recommend clemency +eing #unished; +linde&e in e0&enua&ing %illingness no& &o #unish circums&ances. some+ody so se-erely. !o convict o$ (o decide and s&a&e A condamna /e %as con-ic&ed o$ o$$icially in cour& &ha& murder. some+ody is guil&y o$ a crime. Conviction (he ac& o$ $inding Condamnare >he has si0 #re-ious some+ody guil&y o$ a con-ic&ions $or &he$&. crime in cour&; &he $ac& o$ ha-ing +een $ound guil&y. Damages /arm$ul e$$ec&s on Des#agu+ire, (his could cause sm+dEsm&h. com#ensare serious damage &o &he coun&ryCs economy. De$endant (he #erson in a &rial %ho 5r&, incul#a&e Counsel $or &he is accused o$ commi&&ing a de$ence may no& call crime, or %ho is &he de$endan& as a +eing sued +y ano&her %i&ness. #erson. Cross3 (o @ues&ion some+ody 5rocedura #rin Counsel $or &he e1amination care$ully and in a lo& o$ care #ar&ea de$ence has &he righ& &o

5hysical in.ury.

de&ail a+ou& ans%ers &ha& &hey ha-e already gi-en, es#ecially in cour&. E1tenuating circumstances Fine !o "ire

(o ma1e some+ody #ay money as an o$$icial #unishmen&. (o gi-e some+ody a .o+.

ad-ersa #une in&re+ari mar&orului, in&eroga&oriu con&radic&oriu Circums&an&e a&enuan&e Amenda A anga.a

cross-e0amine.

6nder &he ne% la%, mo&oris&s $ace $ines o$ u# &o H1""". (hey hired a $irm o$ consul&an&s &o design &he ne% sys&em.

,ustice o$ t"e An o$$icial %ho ac&s as a <udeca&or de -eace .udge in &he lo%es& cour&s #ace o$ la%. Libel (he ac& o$ #rin&ing a Calomnie, s&a&emen& a+ou& some+ody de$aimare &ha& is no& &rue and &ha& gi-es #eo#le a +ad o#inion o$ &hem. Magistrate An o$$icial %ho ac&s as a 3agis&ra& .udge in &he lo%es& cour&s o$ la%. 4$$ence' (he ac& o$ u#se&&ing or Con&ra-en&ie, crime insul&ing some+ody. delic&, in$rac&iune -lainti$$ A #erson %ho ma1es a Reclaman& $ormal com#lain& agains& some+ody in cour&. (o s&a&e in cour& &ha& you A mar&urisi 2a-si are guil&y or no& guil&y o$ a recunoas&e4 -ina crime. !o present a (o sho% a case in a &rial A #re'en&a case da&ele unui #roces -rocedure (he o$$icial or $ormal order or %ay o$ doing some&hing, es#ecially in +usiness, la% or #oli&ics. (o s&eal money or #ro#er&y $rom a #erson or #lace. (he crime o$ s&ealing 5rocedura !o plead guilt*

/e sued &he ne%s#a#er $or li+el.

!o rob Robber*

A .e$ui, a #rada (lharie, .a$

/e %as o+liged &o come u# +e$ore &he magis&ra&es. (he crime ra&e is rising. (he #lain&i$$ mus& #ro-e &ha& &he de$endan& %as negligen&. (he #erson #lead his guil&y and he %as condemned &o #rison. (he counsel $or &he #rosecu&ion #resen& his case. (he #rocedure $or logging on &o &he ne&%or1 usually in-ol-es a #ass%ord. (he gang had ro++ed and 1illed &he drugs&ore o%ner. (here has +een a

money or goods $rom a +an1, sho#Es&ore, #erson, e&c, es#ecially using -iolence or &hrea&s. !o settle out o$ court

s#a&e o$ ro++eries in &he area recen&ly.

A re'ol-a #rin I& is $re@uen&ly more m#acaciune, $ara ad-an&ageous $or &he a a#ela la &ri+unal #lain&i$$ &o se&&le ou& o$ cour& $o& a sligh&ly lo%er sum &han he %as as1ing. Slander A $alse s#o1en s&a&emen& De$aimare, /eCs suing &hem $or in&ended &o damage &he calomnie 2-er+ala4 slander. good o#inion #eo#le ha-e o$ some+ody; &he legal o$$ence o$ ma1ing &his 1ind o$ s&a&emen&. S%indle (o chea& some+ody in 7scrocherie, (hey s%indled order &o ge& some&hing, insela&orie, hundreds o$ dollars ou& es#ecially money, $rom #acalire o$ him. &hem. !o tell t"e (o say only &he &rue A s#ue ade-arul Bi&nesses are o+liged trut" $ac&s. &o &ell &he &ru&h. !o %arrant A legal documen& &ha& is A .us&i$ica, a :ur&her in-es&iga&ion signed +y a .udge and indre#&a&i is clearly %arran&ed. gi-es &he #olice au&hori&y &o do some&hing. !o embezzle (o s&eal money &ha& you A rauda, a $ura, /e %as $ound guil&y are res#onsi+le $or or &ha& a dela#ida o$ em+e''ling A1I"""" +elongs &o your em#loyer. o$ #u+lic $unds. &urglar* (he crime o$ en&ering a >#argere, $ur& cu (he you&h %as +uilding illegally and s#argere charged %i&h &hree s&ealing &hings $rom i&. coun&s o$ +urglary. !ort >ome&hing %rong &ha& 5re.udiciu, (he &he$& did a +ig some+ody does &o #agu+a, dauna &or& $or ci&i'ens. some+ody else &ha& is no& criminal, +u& &ha& can lead &o ac&ion in a ci-il cour&. En$orcement (he ac& o$ com#elling o+ser-ance o$ or com#liance %i&h a la%, rule, or o+liga&ion. (he s&a&e o$ +eing legally res#onsi+le $or >anc&ionare, e0ecu&are, cons&ringere La% en$orcemen& o$$icers #a&rol &he s&ree&s.

Liabilit*

Ras#undere, (he com#any canno& res#onsa+ili&a&e, acce#& lia+ili&y $or any

some&hing. /icarious liabilit* )azardous

o+liga&ie Ras#undere indirec&a 5ericulos ,elea, #acos&e, ne#lacere De$aimare. Calomnie

damage caused +y na&ural disas&ers. I& %ould +e ha'ardous &o in-es& so much. /e %as charged %i&h causing a #u+lic nuisance.

In-ol-ing ris1 or danger, es#ecially &o some+odyCs heal&h or sa$e&y. 5uisance A &hing, #erson or si&ua&ion &ha& is annoying or causes &rou+le or #ro+lems. De$amation (he ac& o$ damaging some+odyCs re#u&a&ion +y saying or %ri&ing +ad or $alse &hings a+ou& &hem. )omicide )earsa*

!o impeac" Improper Legal citation &rie$s

Undercover

&allot paper

/e +rough& a legal ac&ion agains& &he maga'ine $or de$ama&ion o$ charac&er. (he crime o$ 1illing 8mor ucidere (he case o$ homicide some+ody deli+era&ely. are sol-ed a& a ma.or criminal &rial. (hings &ha& you ha-e J-on, din au'i&e, Be canC& ma1e a heard $rom ano&her #erson indirec& decision +ased on +u& do no& 2de$ini&ely4 hearsay and guess%or1. 1no% &o +e &rue. (o charge an im#or&an& A #une su+ #u+lic $igure %i&h a acu'are serious crime. Dishones&, or morally Incorrec&, (here %as no&hing %rong. necores#un'a&or, im#ro#er a+ou& our rela&ionshi#. 3a1ing a summons %ich Ci&ire legala (he .udge gi-es a is allo%ed or re@uired +y legal ci&a&ion. la%. A legal case &ha& is gi-en Re'uma&, dosar, ,arris&er ma1e ne% &o a la%yer &o argue in scur&a e0#unere a +rie$s $or &he case. cour&; a #iece o$ %or1 $or do-e'ilor a +arris&er. Bor1ing or done >u+ aco#erire (he illegal #aymen&s secre&ly in order &o $ind %ere disco-ered +y a ou& in$orma&ion $or &he .ournalis& %or1ing #olice, a go-ernmen&, e&c. underco-er6 A #a#er %here #eo#le do ,ulle&in de -o& (he La&-ians ci&i'ens a sign on i&, in order &o dro# &heir +allo& #a#er elec& a candida&e or &o in &he #ools. resol-e a #ro+lem %hicc is

gi-en a& re$erendum. -olling station A +uilding %here #eo#le go &o -o&e in an elec&ion. (he num+er o$ #eo#le %ho a&&end a #ar&icular e-en&. -art* A #oli&ical organi'a&ion &ha& you can -o&e $or in elec&ions and %hose mem+ers ha-e &he same aims and ideas. &reac" A $ailure &o do some&hing &ha& mus& +e done +y la%. In(ured part* (he #erson %ho has +een &rea&ed un$airly, or &he #erson %ho claims in cour& &o ha-e +een &rea&ed un$airly. ssignment A &as1 or #iece o$ %or1 &ha& some+ody is gi-en &o do, usually as #ar& o$ &heir .o+ or s&udies. ssignee A #erson &o %hom a righ& or lia+ili&y is legally &rans$erred. C"arge An o$$icial claim made +y &he #olice &ha& some+ody has commi&&ed a crime. Legitimate Correc&, allo%a+le or o#era&ing according &o &he la%. !o presume (o acce#& s&h. as &rue un&il i& is #ro-ed un&rue, es#ecially in la%. !urnout

In all coun&ry %ere o#ened a lo& o$ #olling s&a&ion. 5re'en&a la (he re$erendum urnele de -o&are. s#ar1ed a large &urnou&. 5ar&id >he +elongs &o &he La+our 5ar&y.

>ec&ie de -o&are

Incalcare, in$rac&iune 5ar&ea -a&ama&a

(hey are in +reach o$ Ar&icle 11K. In.ured #ar&y are in hos#i&al, &hey are no& #resen& a& &he &rial. I had se& mysel$ a &ough assignmen&.

Cesiune, &rans$er

(he #ar&y %ho ge&s &he righ& is called &he assignee. (hey decided &o dro# &he charges agains& &he ne%s#a#er and se&&le ou& o$ cour&. Legi&im, legal, Is his +usiness s&ric&ly normal legi&ima&eF A #resu#une, a +anui

Cesionar, re#re'en&an&, agen& Condamnare, acu'are

In 7nglish la%, a #erson is #resumed innocen& un&il #ro-ed guil&y. ,urisprudence (he science or s&udy o$ <uris#ruden&a 3y uncle %as a la%. #ro$essor o$ .uris#rudence. Dispute A si&ua&ion in %hich &%o Dis#u&a, (he cause o$ &he coun&ries or grou#s o$ di$erenda, con$lic& acciden& %as s&ill in #eo#le @uarrel or disagree dis#u&e.

%i&h each o&her. &argain >&h. +ough& chea#ly or A$acere, &irg, /e and his #ar&ner $or less &han i&s usual &ran'ac&ie, had made a bargain &o #rice; an agreemen& made negociere. &ell each o&her +e&%een &%o #eo#le or e-ery&hing. grou#s &o do s&h. in re&urn $or s&h. else. !o enact (o ma1e a #ro#osal in&o A ado#&a o lege, (he 5arliamen& enac& la%. a#une in a#licare a ne% legisla&ion. Dra$t A rough %ri&&en -ersion 5roiec&, schi&a, (he legisla&ion is s&ill o$ some&hing &ha& is no& &ira. in dra$& $orm. ye& in i&s $inal $orm. Lenient No& as s&ric& as e0#ec&ed Ingadui&or, (he .udge %as $ar &oo %hen #unishing some+ody &oleran&, +lind lenien& %i&h him. or %hen ma1ing sure &ha& rules are o+eyed. 4$$ence An illegal ac&, &he ac& o$ Delic& /e %as no& a%are &ha& u#se&&ing or insul&ing he had commi&&ed an some+ody. o$$ence. Felon* (he ac& o$ commi&&ing a Crima serious crime such as murder or ra#e. )omicide 7b* (he crime o$ 1illing 8mucidere /e %as guil&y o$ misadventure' some+ody deli+era&ely. homicide, %ich %as %it" malice'89 made %i&h malice. Smuggling' (he crime o$ &a1ing, Con&ra+anda /e %as arres&ed $or bootlegging sending or +ringing goods drug smuggling. secre&ly and illegally in&o or ou& o$ a coun&ry. &igam* (he crime o$ marrying ,igamie, 3y neig+our has a some+ody %hen you are casa&orie +igamous rela&ionshi#. s&ill legally married &o concomi&en&a cu some+ody else. doua #ersonae &ab*3 or %i$e3 A -iolen& a&&ac1 &ha& A #onosi, a ,a+y-+a&&ering is battering in.ures or damages s$irma, a +a&e, a con&rary &o human some+odyEsome&hing. mal&ra&a righ&s. ssault (he crime o$ a&&ac1ing A a&aca, a -iola, An assault on the some+ody #hysically, &he a lua su+ con&rol o capital was launched ac& o$ a&&ac1ing a +uilding, cladire e&c. in the early hours of an area, e&c. in order &o the morning. &a1e con&rol o$ i&. rson (he crime o$ deli+era&ely A incendia (he murderer carry se&&ing $ire &o some&hing, ou& an arson a&&ac1 on es#ecially a +uilding. &he house.

Forger*

(he crime o$ co#ying money, documen&s, e&c. in order &o chea& #eo#le. 3ade &o loo1 e0ac&ly li1e some&hing in order &o &ric1 #eo#le in&o &hin1ing &ha& &hey are ge&&ing &he real &hing.

Con&ra$acere, $als Con&ra$acu&, imi&a&

Counter$eit

-irac*

S%indle

-er(ur* Mugging

(he ac& o$ ma1ing illegal co#ies o$ D9Ds, com#u&er #rograms, +oo1s, e&c, in order &o sell &hem. (o chea& some+ody in order &o ge& some&hing, es#ecially money, $rom &hem. (he crime o$ &elling a lie in cour&.

5ira&erie

70#er&s are dismissing claims &ha& &he #ain&ing is a $orgery. Des#i&e &he in&roduc&ion o$ a securi&y shield on &he ne% H1" s&am#, coun&er$ei&s are cos&ing &he #os&al ser-ice millions o$ #ounds a year. 3y +ro&her %as com#rehended $or so$&%are #iracy. (hey s%indled him ou& o$ hundreds o$ dollars. (he de$ence %i&nesses %ere $ound guil&y o$ #er.ury. (here ha-e +een se-eral muggings here recen&ly.

A escoca, a insela <uramin& $als, calcare a .uramin&ului <a$ cu -iolen&a

(he crime o$ a&&ac1ing some+ody -iolen&ly, or &hrea&ening &o do so, in order &o s&eal &heir money, es#ecially in a #u+lic #lace. Slander A $alse s#o1en s&a&emen& in&ended &o damage &he good o#inion #eo#le ha-e o$ some+ody. !reason (he crime o$ doing some&hing &ha& could cause danger &o your coun&ry, such as hel#ing i&s enemies during a %ar. Conspirac* A secre& #lan +y a grou# o$ #eo#le &o do some&hing harm$ul or illegal. Espionage (he ac&i-i&y o$ secre&ly ge&&ing im#or&an& #oli&ical or mili&ary in$orma&ion

De$aimare -er+ala (radare,-in'are

He's suing them for slander. (he soldier %as sen&enced &o #rison $or commi&ing &he ac& o$ s&a&e &reason. (hey %ere charged %i&h cons#iracy &o murder. >ome o$ &he commercial ac&i-i&ies %ere a co-er $or

Cons#ira&ie, com#lo& >#iona.

Drug peddling Larcen*

a+ou& ano&her coun&ry or o$ $inding ou& ano&her com#anyCs secre&s +y using s#ies. >elling illegal drugs.

es#ionage.

(ra$ic de droguri

(he crime o$ s&ealing some&hing $rom some+ody; an occasion %hen &his &a1es #lace. S"opli$ting (he crime o$ s&ealing goods $rom a sho#Es&ore +y deli+era&ely lea-ing %i&hou& #aying $or &hem. &urglar* (he crime o$ en&ering a <a$ #rin s#argere +uilding illegally and s&ealing &hings $rom i&. -ic.3 (o s&eal some&hing $rom <a$ de +u'unare, poc.eting some+odyCs #oc1e& $ur& a #or&o$elului %i&hou& &hem no&icing. !errorism (he use o$ -iolen& ac&ion (erorism in order &o achie-e #oli&ical aims or &o $orce a go-ernmen& &o ac&. &lac.mail (he crime o$ demanding >an&a. money $rom a #erson +y &hrea&ening &o &ell some+ody else a secre& a+ou& &hem. :idnapping (o &a1e some+ody a%ay Ra#ire illegally and 1ee# &hem as a #risoner, es#ecially in order &o ge& money or some&hing else $or re&urning &hem. Se1ual Commen&s a+ou& se0, /ar&uire se0uala "arassment #hysical con&ac&, e&c. usually ha##ening a& %or1, &ha& a #erson $inds annoying and o$$ensi-e. &riber*' (he gi-ing or &a1ing 3i&a, coru#&ie corruption o$ +ri+es. !respass (o en&er land or a A incalca legea,

(oday a& &he +order, s#ecial dogs $ind -ery easy drug #eddling. :ur& in li#sa de (he cou#le %ere s&a#ini. charged %i&h grandE#e&&y larceny. :ur& din >ho#li$&ers %ill +e maga'ine #rosecu&ed. (he you&h %as charged %i&h &hree coun&s o$ +urglary. (he +ac1 #oc1e& on a #air o$ .eans is &he easies& one &o #ic1. (he go-ernmen& has s%orn &o do e-ery&hing in i&s #o%er &o com+a& &errorism. (hey %ere ac@ui&&ed o$ charges o$ +lac1mail. (%o +usinessmen ha-e +een 1idna##ed +y &erroris&s.

(he chie$ commi&ed a se0ual harassmen& &o%ards his em#loyers. >he %as arres&ed on +ri+ery charges. /e &old me I %as

+uilding &ha& you do no& ha-e #ermission or &he righ& &o en&er. Civil action some&hing %rong &ha& some+ody does &o some+ody else &ha& is no& criminal, +u& &ha& can lead &o ac&ion in a ci-il cour& inscriptions %ords %ri&&en in &he $ron& o$ a +oo1 or cu& in s&one or me&al Legal basis &he legal sys&em o$ &he ancien& Romans, and &he +asis $or ci-il la% in many coun&ries probation a sys&em &ha& allo%s a #erson %ho has commi&&ed a crime no& &o go &o #rison i$ &hey +eha-e %ell and i$ &hey see an o$$icia ,udicial revi% a #rocedure in %hich a cour& e0amines an ac&ion or decision o$ a #u+lic +ody and decides %he&her i& %as righ& court o$ cour& 2s&a&e or $ederal4 appeals %hich hears a##eals $rom .udgmen&s and rulings o$ &rial cour&s or lo%er a##eals cour&s. (uvenile court s#ecial cour& or de#ar&men& o$ a &rial cour& %hich deals %i&h underage de$endan&s charged %i&h crimes or %ho are neglec&ed or ou& o$ &he con&rol o$ &heir #aren&s. (he normal age o$ &hese de$endan&s is under 1L, +u& .u-enile cour& does no& ha-e .urisdic&ion in cases in %hich minors are charged as adul&s. police court in some s&a&es a &y#e o$

a gresi Ac&iune ci-ila

&res#assing on #ri-a&e land. 3y neigh+our in&en&ed a ci-il ac&ion &o his em#loy There was an inscription carved over the doorway. Islamig legal +asis is &he mos& com#lica&ed. The prisoner was put on probation.

inscri#&ii ,a'a legala

5erioada de -eri$icare

Con&rol .udiciar

here is to be a judicial review of the visa changes. US a cour& o$ la% in a $ederal circui& or s&a&e &o %hich a##eals are &a1en. All .u-enile cour&s in 3oldo-a %as closed.

Cur&e de a#el

Cur&ea #en&ru adolescen&i

Cur&ea

In 6>A &he #olice

munici#al cour& %hich handles misdemeanors 2minor crimes4 and &ra$$ic -iola&ions, as %ell as conduc&ing arraignmen&s 2$irs& a##earances4 and #reliminary hearings Court order a decision &ha& is made in cour& a+ou& %ha& mus& ha##en in a #ar&icular si&ua&ion mandate &he #eriod o$ &ime $or %hich a go-ernmen& is gi-en #o%er $iduciar* in-ol-ing &rus&, es#ecially in a si&ua&ion %here a #erson or com#any con&rols money or #ro#er&y +elonging &o o&hers a #erson, a coun&ry or an organi'a&ion &ha& o%es money

munici#ala

cour& has a +ig im#or&ance in ci-il sys&em.

his creditors secured a court order for his arrest manda& The election victory gave the party a clear mandate to continue its programme of reform. the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders

$iduciar

debitor

de+i&or

Suret*

garan&ie

a #erson %ho acce#&s res#onsi+ili&y i$ some+ody else does no& #ay a de+&, a##ear in cour&, e& $orensic rela&ing &o or deno&ing 3edico legale All $orensic e-idence &he a##lica&ion o$ %as &a1en a& munici#al scien&i$ic me&hods and morgue. &echni@ues &o &he in-es&iga&ion o$ crime ps*c"olog* &he scien&i$ic s&udy o$ &he #sihologie All s&uden& $rom mind and ho% i& .udicial ui-ersi&y are in$luences +eha-iour s&udieng #sychology. sni#er a #erson %ho shoo&s a& lune&is& Two soldiers were some+ody $rom a hidden shot by snipers. #osi&ion Cour& cler1 an o$$icer o$ &he 70ecu&orul .udiciar ourt cler!s are cour& %hose res#onsi+le $or &he res#onsi+ili&ies adminis&ra&i-e %or1

generally, debtors must negotiate with each creditor separately hey have offered a large amount of money as surety.

(o conduc& &he #roceedings

include main&aining &he records o$ a cour& &he manner in %hich a law ac&ion &a1en in a cour& is managed or direc&ed /el# $rom s&a&e or la%yers in .udicial #ro+lems

Legal assis&ance

+urden o$ #roo$

(he o+liga&ion &o #ro-e one?s asser&ion

(o a-oid &he (o s&o# e0#ense and delay #rogressing &he o$ a cour& ac&ion #ro+lem in cour& and $inding o&her solu&ions &o do &his

,ond

An agreemen& %i&h legal $orce, in #ar&icular A #lace %here one can o+&ain legal ad-ice and assis&ance, #aid $or

La% clinic

o$ &he ci&y, coun&y, s&a&e, and $ederal cour& sys&ems A diri.a de+a&erele (he 5anel has .udeciare declined to conduct proceedings on an a##lica&ion da&ed 1" :e+ruary !"1! $rom 5ayce Indus&ries AsisrenM .uridicM A mu&ual legal assis&ance &rea&y is an agreemen& +e&%een &%o coun&ries $or &he #ur#ose o$ ga&hering and e0changing in$orma&ion in an e$$or& &o en$orce #u+lic la%s or criminal la%s o+ligaDie de a $ace (he burden of do-ada proof is &he du&y o$ one #ar&y in a legal case &o con-ince &he decision-ma1er 2.udge andEor .ury4 &ha& &heir -ersion o$ &he $ac&s is &rue. A e-i&a de'-ol&area (o a-oid &he aciunilor .udeciare e0#ense o$ ha-ing a &rial, .udges encourage &he li&igan&s &o &ry &o reach an agreemen& resol-ing &heir dis#u&e. Anga.amen&, lanD, In $inance, a bond legM&urM, o+ligaDie, is a de+& securi&y, in &i&luri de ren&M, %hich &he au&hori'ed m#rumu& cu issuer o%es &he scadenDM #recisM holders a de+&. 8rgan al asis&enei A legal clinic is a .udiciare grea& o##or&uni&y $or la% s&uden&s &o gain #rac&ical legal

Li&iga&ion

Ar+i&ra&ion

Land la%

/ousing la%

Cus&ody

>#ying

e0#erience. Li&igiu, di$erend, "itigation la% con&es&aDie, rela&es &o &he en&ire #rocess o$ $iling a la%sui&, disco-ery and mo&ion #rac&ice, &rials, .udgmen&s and a%ards o$ damages. (he use o$ an Ar+i&ra. Arbitration o$&en ar+i&ra&or &o se&&le a allo%s you &o dis#u&e resol-e dis#u&es more @uic1ly and chea#ly &han +y going &o cour&. Ins&ead o$ .udges or .uries. (he la% go-erning Dre#&ul de #roperty law is &he real #ro#er&y #ro#rie&a&e 2n area o$ la% &ha& s#ecial asu#ra go-erns &he -arious #Mmn&ului4 $orms o$ o%nershi# and &enancy in real #ro#er&y. (he la% go-erning Dre#&ul de 3em+ershi# is real #ro#er&y #ro#rie&a&e 2n o#en &o all &hose s#ecial dre#&ul la %ho use housing imo+il4 law $or &he +ene$i& o$ &he homeless, &enan&s, and o&her occu#iers o$ housing. (he #ro&ec&i-e care Cus&odie, (he ac& or righ& o$ or guardianshi# o$ e#i&ro#ie, gri.M, guarding, es#ecially someone or nchisoare, #a'M such a righ& gran&ed some&hing +y a cour&N an adul& %ho %as gi-en custody o$ &he child. Bor1 $or a >#ionare 7s#ionage or go-ernmen& or o&her spying in-ol-es a organi'a&ion +y go-ernmen& or secre&ly o+&aining indi-idual o+&aining in$orma&ion a+ou& in$orma&ion &ha& is enemies or considered secre& or com#e&i&ors con$iden&ial %i&hou& &he #ermission o$ &he holder.

+y legal aid (he #rocess o$ &a1ing legal ac&ion

Gang Bea#on

An organi'ed grou# o$ criminals A &hing designed or used $or in$lic&ing +odily harm or #hysical damage

,andM ArmM

A gang o$ +oys ga&hered around &he %inning #i&cher. Bhen 9incen& $irs& en&ers his $la&, he goes in&o his Cweapon roomC and &ouches a cross+o% &o #osi&ion i& C.us& soC. (he state secrets #ri-ilege, %hen #ro#erly in-o1ed, #ermi&s &he go-ernmen& &o +loc1 &he release o$ any in$orma&ion in a la%sui&. 5ri-a&e detective agency 61raine $etective >er-ice 2 6D> 4 o$$ers a +ig lis& #ro$essional, $as&, @uali&y and no& e0#ensi-e in-es&iga&ion ser-ices in 61raine. 5ornogra#hy is a ma.or #ro+lem in our modern socie&y. /os&ages are innocen& #eo#le, %ho are mis&rea&ed $or some+ody?s goal. Criminology is an im#or&an& +ranch in la% ac&i-i&y. Be can o$&en no&ice la% +rea1ing in our

>&a&e secre&s

A sensi&i-e issue or #iece o$ in$orma&ion %hich is 1e#& secre& +y &he go-ernmen&

>ecre&e de s&a&

De&ec&i-e

A #erson, es#ecially a #olice o$$icer, %hose occu#a&ion is &o in-es&iga&e and sol-e crimes

De&ec&i-

3edia or #ho&ogra#hs sho%ing ero&ic or se0ual +eha-ior in a %ay designed &o cause se0ual arousal. /os&ages a #erson gi-en as a #ledge, or &a1en #risoner as +y an enemy or &erroris&, un&il cer&ain condi&ions are me& Criminology Criminology is a $ield o$ scien&i$ic s&udy $ocused on crimes and criminals. La% +rea1ing (he #rocess o$ disres#ec&ing &he la%

5ornogra#hy

#ornogra$ie

os&a&ici

criminologia

ncMlcarea legii

6nla%$ul 5unishmen&

agains& &he la%; illegal

ilegal #edea#sM

5unishmen& is &he ac& o$ in$lic&ing a conse@uence or #enal&y on someone as a resul& o$ &heir %rongdoing, or &he conse@uence or #enal&y i&sel$. Case s&udy A de&ailed analysis o$ a #erson or grou#, es#ecially as a model o$ medical, #sychia&ric, #sychological, or social #henomena. Legisla&or a mem+er o$ a legisla&i-e assem+ly; la%ma1er Reha+ili&a&ion Reha+ili&a&ion means +ringing +ac1 &o a #osi&i-e condi&ion. Re&ri+u&ion Re&ri+u&ion re$ers &o some&hing done &o ge& +ac1 a& someone or &he ac& o$ #unishing someone $or &heir ac&ions -arious s&a&u&es #assed in ,ri&ain and Ireland during &he 1=&h and 1O&h cen&uries &ha& im#osed harsh res&ric&ions on Roman Ca&holics. A +ranch o$ #sychology science

coun&ry. (orren&?s #eer &o #eer sys&em is unla%$ul. In our days ca#i&al #unishmen& is no& so cruel as i& %as in #as&.

s&udiu de ca'

Case s&udy is a #rocess %hich in-ol-es a lo& o$ researches. 5arlamen& has &he role o$ legisla&or in 3oldo-a. A$&er &he las& s&orm many #eo#le needed #hysical and moral reha+ili&a&ion. Re&ri+u&ion should +e righ& and la%$ul.

legisla&or rea+ili&are

#edea#sM

5enal la%s

Legile #enale

5enal la%s o$$er re&ri+u&ions $or criminals.

.uridical #sychology

#sihologie .uridica

<uridical #sychology hel#s in &he #rocess o$ de&ermina&ion &he criminal.

Ci-il ac&ion Cons&i&u&ion

An ac&ion o$ ci-ilians

acDiune ci-ilM

A cons&i&u&ion is a cons&i&uDie sys&em o$ la%s and #rinci#les or &he s&ruc&ure or com#osi&ion o$ someone or some&hing. Cons&i&u&ional (he cour& %hich Cur&ea cour& con&rols &he Cons&i&uDionalM concordance +e&%een la%s and cons&i&u&ion Legisla&i-e 5o%er o$ ma1ing la%s #u&ere #o%er legisla&i-M Legal en&i&y A legal sys&em &ha& e0is&s inde#enden&ly

(he re-olu&ion is a ci-il ac&ion. Cons&i&u&ion is a $undamen&al la% in our coun&ry.

Cons&i&u&ional cour& has a lo& o$ a&ri+u&ions.

Legisla&i-e #o%er is one o$ &he &hree +asic #o%ers in a s&a&e. en&i&a&e .uridicM Common la% is a legal en&i&y.