Harvard referencing - Library extended guide

Updated: 19 October 2012 Important: This document is meant for use as a guide only. To avoid losing marks, confirm the referencing requirements of our !chool "ith our #ecturer, and consult the Style manual for authors, editors and printers (2 2! on "hich this document is based for clarification and additional e$amples% Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, &th edn, 'ohn (ile ) !ons, *ilton, +ld% "ote: #usiness students should use the $%IT #usiness style "&T the general Harvard style.
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.araphrasing%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% / 0irect quotes%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1 !ingle author%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1 T"o or three authors%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1 2our or more authors %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1 *ultiple "orks%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1 Organisation as author%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1 3lectronic sources%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4
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(hat is the difference bet"een a reference list and a bibliograph 5%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4

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6ook 7 single author%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% & 6ook 7 more than one author %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% & 3dited book %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% & 8hapter in an edited book %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% & !ame author 7 "ith more than one cited "ork published in the same ear%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%& 6ook 7 organi9ation as author%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% & 3-books %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% & 3-book from a database%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% : 3-book from the ;nternet%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% : 3nc clopaedia or dictionar %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% : !econdar source%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% : <o date%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :
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'ournal article %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% = 3->ournal article from a database%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%= 3->ournal article from the internet%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%= ;n press article%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 9 *aga9ine article 7 no author%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 9
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<e"spaper article%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 9 <e"spaper article from a database%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%9 <e"spaper article from a "ebsite%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%10
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<e"sgroup message%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 10 6logs%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 10 (ebsite documents %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 10

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Bovernment publications%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%11 .arliamentar debates%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 11 @ustralian 6ureau of !tatistics%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 11

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#egislation%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 12 #egal cases%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 12

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8onference paper %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 12 Thesis %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1/ .atent %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1/ !tandard from a database%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1/ 80-AO*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1/ 0C0, film, video%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1/ TC and radio program %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1/ *edia release%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1/ .ersonal communication %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%11

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Introduction
The author-date s stem originated at ,arvard Universit % @lthough it no longer produces a standard guide to referencing, a version of the author-date s stem is still commonl referred to as the ,arvard st le% 3ach reference is indicated in the te$t b the author and date of the publication cited, sometimes "ith added information such as page numbers% The full details of these references are listed at the end of the te$t in a Aeference list% There are man variations of the ,arvard st le, so make sure that ou check "ith our !chool as to "hat it requires% 2urther details and e$amples ma be found in the Style manual for authors, editors and printers D2002E% 3lectronic resources are not adequatel addressed in the Style manual for authors, editors and printers D2002E and so the principles of author-date citing have been applied in developing those e$amples% The information and e$amples are derived from the follo"ing source: Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, &th edn, 'ohn (ile ) !ons, @ustralia%

Where can I find information about referencing?

;nformation about referencing can be found on: #ibrar Fs Aeferencing guides Ghttp:??"""%rmit%edu%au?librar ?referencingH !tud !mart: Aeferencing Ghttps:??"""%dls"eb%rmit%edu%au?lsu?content?6I0!8?stud smart?referencing%htmlH #earning #abFs (riting skills Ghttp:??emedia%rmit%edu%au?learninglab?content?referencingH

Plagiarism
;nformation about plagiarism can be found on the ;nformation for !tudents page Ghttp:??"""%rmit%edu%au?academicintegrit ?studentsH%

In-text references - examples

;n the te$t of our essa or thesis, identif our source b giving, in parentheses, the authorFs name and ear of publication of the publication of the "ork to "hich reference has been made% 2rom this in-te$t reference, the reader can turn to the reference list for full publication details% There are t"o "a s of referencing in-te$t 7 paraphrasing and using direct <uotes%

1araphrasing
.araphrasing means that ou are e$pressing the ideas of the authorDsE in our o"n "ords% ;t is used to indicate to the reader our understanding of the content in the reference ou are using, and our abilit to relevantl and appropriatel use ideas and information to support an argument or an opinion%

;nclude the authorFs name and date of publication b either adding the citation at the end of the sentence, or using the authorFs name as part of our sentence%

;t is argued that business takes advantage of its po"er D8arroll 2012E% 8arroll D2012E argues that business takes advantage of its po"er%
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'irect <uotes
0irect quotes are "hen the e$act "ords of the authorDsE are used% The should be kept to a minimum% (hen using direct quotes, include the authorFs name, date of publication and page number% ;f directl quoting from a "ork, use single quotation marks around the te$t being quoted% ;nclude the authorFs name and date of publication b either: adding the citation at the end of the sentence, or using the authorFs name as part of our sentence%

2ingle author
;t is argued that %%% D8arroll 2012E% J@ ma>or criticism of business is that it abuses its po"erF D8arroll 2012, p% 2&E% 8arroll D2012, p% 2&E argues that Ja ma>or criticism of business is that it abuses its po"erF% (hen an author has published more than one cited article in the same ear, distinguish each article b using a lo"er case letter after the ear "ithin the brackets% DThis is also used in the reference list%E @ccording to 0eveau D2012aE there is K 0eveau D2012bE states that K

T=o or three authors

(here there are t"o or three authors, use an ampersand (>! to >oin them for the in-te$t citation in parentheses% Use the "ord ?and@ if the reference is part of the sentence% ;t is suggested that K D8abrera ) Unruh 2012E% Luratko, Boldsb and ,ornsb D2012E suggest that K

.our or more authors

;f there are four or more authors, onl include the first author in our in-te$t citation and add the "ords ?et al.F Dmeaning Jand othersFE after that name% ,o"ever, the Aeference #ist should include all authors% ;t is recommended that K D8halkle et al% 2012E% 8halkle et al% D2012E recommend that K

%ultiple =orAs
;f citing multiple "orks at one point in the te$t, it is recommended that the authorsF names be ordered alphabeticall inside the parentheses, "ith a semicolon to separate them% <ote the use of the ampersand (>! and MandM in the t"o e$amples belo"%

;t has been claimed that K D8arroll 2012N 8halkle et al% 2012N Luratko, Boldsb ) ,ornsb 2012E% 8arroll D2012E, 8halkle et al% D2012E and Luratko, Boldsb and ,ornsb D2012E claim thatK

&rganisation as author
;t has been concluded that K D6usiness 8ouncil of @ustralia 2010E% 6usiness 8ouncil of @ustralia D2010E concludes that K

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,lectronic sources
*an electronic sources do not provide page numbers unless the are in .02 format% ;f quoting or paraphrasing from a "ebsite, that is "&T a .02, then use as part of the in-te$t reference either a section heading, De%g% Ao al 6otanic Bardens *elbourne 2011, article /E, or a paragraph number De%g% Ao al 6otanic Bardens *elbourne 2011, para%:E%

The Reference List

The Aeference #ist is arranged alphabeticall b author, and thereafter chronologicall , starting "ith the earliest date% The publication details of ever item cited or used in our "riting must be included in the reference list at the end of our paper% @n "ebsites used must also be documented in full% This enables the reader to locate the source if the "ish% 3ach reference list entr requires a specific format depending on the reference t pe, i%e% "hether it is a book, book chapter, >ournal article, "ebsite, etc% ;n general, the order of elements contained "ithin each reference should include: author 7 date 7 title of "ork 7 title of larger "ork Dif an E 7 publishing details 7 date of access Dif electronicE% @part from the author and date, each element is separated from the others "ith a comma and the citation finishes "ith a full stop% ;n the ,arvard st le, sources that are not cited in the te$t but are relevant to the sub>ect ma be listed separatel as a bibliograph % @ reference list details in alphabetical order b author famil name all the "orks and data sources ou have cited in our "ritten "ork% @ bibliograph lists, in alphabetical order b author famil name, all the "orks and data sources ou have used or accessed to create our "ritten "ork%

+hat is the difference bet=een a reference list and a bibliography0

bbre!iations
@cceptable abbreviations in the reference list for parts of books and other publications include: app. c. ch. ed. (eds! edn et al. n.d. n.p. no. p.B pp. para. ptB pts rev. suppl. vol. vols appendi$ circa chapter editor DeditorsE D<6: no full stop for editorsE edition D<6: no full stopE and others no date no place number page?s paragraph partDsE D<6: no full stopsE revised supplement volume Das in Col%1E volumes Das in 1 volumesE D<6: no full stopE

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"oo#s$ examples
#ooA C single author
@uthorFs surname, ;nitials Oear, Title of book, 3dition, .ublisher, .lace of publication% 8arroll, @6 2012, Business & society: ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management, =th edn, !outh-(estern?8engage #earning, *ason, O,%

#ooA C more than one author

D#ist all authors, in order of appearance on the title page of the book, and use an ampersand D)E to separate the last t"o%E Luratko, 02, Boldsb , *B ) ,ornsb , '! 2012, Innovation acceleration: transforming organizational thinking, .earson, 6oston% 8halkle , T, 6ro"n, @, Boodman, *, 8inque, T, (arren, 6, ,obbs, * ) 2inn, * 2012, Communication, new media and everyday life, O$ford Universit .ress, !outh *elbourne, Cic%

,dited booA
@uthorFs surname, ;nitials Ded% OA edsE Oear, Title of book, 3dition, .ublisher, .lace of publication% #ubkin, ;* ) #arsen, .0 DedsE 201/, Chronic illness: impact and interventions, =th edn, 'ones ) 6artlett #earning, 6urlington, *@%

)hapter in an edited booA

@uthorFs surname, ;nitials Oear, JTitle of chapterF, in @uthor?s of book Ded% OA edsE, itle of book, 3dition, .ublisher, .lace of publication, .age numberDsE% !chirm, C 201/, J+ualit of lifeF, in ;* #ubkin ) .0 #arsen DedsE, Chronic illness: impact and interventions, =th edn, 'ones ) 6artlett #earning, 6urlington, *@, pp% 1=/-20&%

2ame author C =ith more than one cited =orA published in the same year
0utton, *, 2012a, !utton"s orthopaedic e#amination, evaluation, and intervention, /rd edn, *cBra"-,ill *edical, <e" Oork% 0utton, *, 2012b, $rthopaedics for the physical therapist assistant, 'ones ) 6artlett #earning, !udbur , *@%

#ooA C organiDation as author

<ame of organisation, Oear of publication, Title, .ublisher, .lace of publication% 6usiness 8ouncil of @ustralia 2010, Balancing act: fiscal and policy priorities to support growth: BC% budget submission &'(')((, 6usiness 8ouncil of @ustralia, *elbourne%

,-booAs
%ote: Style manual for authors, editors and printers D2002E does not distinguish bet"een printed sources and those sourced electronicall % The follo"ing is a suggested procedure for referencing e-books% ;f an e-book is retrieved electronicall from a library database in page image format, e%g% in an @crobat D.02E file, cite it the same as for the original printed book% (here alternative formats are available, it is recommended to choose page image format% ;f an e-book is retrieved from a library database "here it has been reformatted, e%g% as ,T*# or plain te$t, or is from a "ebsite, cite the source ou have used, as images, charts, page numbers, etc% ma

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have been removed% (here the source is a librar database, give the databaseFs name% ;f it is from the Internet, give the UA#%

,-booA from a database

@uthorFs surname, ;nitials Oear of publication, Title of book, 3dition, .ublisher, .lace of publication, vie"ed da month ear, database name% 6enavides, 3* 2012, %dvanced engineering design: an integrated approach, (oodhead .ublishing, 8ambridge, UL, vie"ed 1 October 2012, Lnovel database%

,-booA from the Internet

@uthorFs surname, ;nitials Oear of publication, JTitle of chapterF, GinH @uthor of book Dif differentE, Title of book, 3dition, .ublisher, .lace of publication, vie"ed da month ear, PUA#Q% Lhan, !A, 6enda, T ) !tagnaro, *< 2012, J!tereot ping from the perspective of perceivers and targetsF, in $nline *eadings in +sychology and Culture, Unit 4, ;nternational @ssociation for 8ross-8ultural .s cholog , Brand Calle !tate Universit , @llendale, *;, vie"ed 10 'ul 2012, Phttp:??scholar"orks%gvsu%edu?orpc?vol4?iss1?1Q%

,ncyclopaedia or dictionary
3nc clopaedias and dictionaries should onl be cited in the in-te$t reference, "&T in the Aeference #ist% ;t is stated that K D,ncyclopedia of computer science 2012E -istorical dictionary of Spanish cinema D2010E defines it as K

2econdary source
@ secondar source is "hen one authorFs "ork is cited in that of anotherFs% Oou must include the authors of both the secondar and primar sources in the in-te$t reference% ,o"ever, in the Aeference #ist, include onl the source ou have read% In-text: ,eath and !cott Dcited in ,osan ) *artin 2012E believe that%%% ;t is believed that%%% D,eath ) !cott, cited in ,osan ) *artin 2012E $eference List: ,osan , ! ) *artin, 0 2012, J!elf-image congruence in consumer behaviorF, .ournal of Business *esearch, vol% &4, no% 4, pp% &=4-&91, vie"ed 2: *a 2012, 3lsevier !0 2reedom 8ollection%

"o date
(orks that do not have a publication date ma be cited using the e$pression n%d% Dno dateE% In-text: D<!( 2ood @uthorit n%d%E OA <!( 2ood @uthorit Dn%d%E $eference List: <!( 2ood @uthorit n%d%, Shelf stable acid preserved foods: factors affecting the shelf stability of acid foods, <!( 2ood @uthorit , vie"ed 11 'ul 2012, Phttp:??"""%foodauthorit %ns"%gov%au?I0ocuments?science?shelf-stable-acid-preserved-foods%pdfQ%

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&ournal articles$ examples

%ote: 8apitalise the first letter of the first "ord, and each of the ma>or "ords of the >ournal name% 0o not use capital letters for "ords such as on, for, in, and% 3%g% he %ustralian .ournal of /anguage and /iteracy%

8ournal article
@uthorDsE of article - surname and initials Oear of publication, JTitle of articleF, .ournal name, volume number, issue number, page numberDsE% Ta lor, 8*, Larunaratne, 8C ) Rie, < 2012, JBl cosides of h dro$ proline: some recent, unusual discoveriesF, 0lycobiology, vol% 22, no% &, pp% :4:-:&:%

,-Eournal article from a database

%ote: The Style manual for authors, editors and printers D2002E does not distinguish bet"een >ournal articles from printed sources and articles sourced electronicall % The follo"ing is a suggested procedure for referencing electronic >ournal articles% ;f a >ournal article is retrieved electronicall from a librar database in page image format, e%g% as an @crobat D.02E file, cite it the same as the original printed article% (here alternative formats are available, it is recommended to choose page image format% ;f a >ournal article is retrieved from a librar database "here it has been reformatted, e%g% as ,T*# format or plain te$t, or from a "ebsite, ou should cite the source ou have used, as images, charts, page numbers, etc% ma have been removed% (here the source is a librar database give the database name, not the UA#% @uthorDsE of article - surname and initials Oear of publication, JTitle of articleF, .ournal name, volume number, issue number, page numberDsE, vie"ed da month ear, database name% ,osan , ! ) *artin, 0 2012, J!elf-image congruence in consumer behaviorF, .ournal of Business *esearch, vol% &4, no% 4, pp% &=4-&91, vie"ed 2: *a 2012, 3lsevier !0 2reedom 8ollection%

,-Eournal article from the internet

%ote: The Style manual for authors, editors and printers D2002E does not distinguish bet"een >ournal articles from printed sources and articles sourced electronicall % The follo"ing is a suggested procedure for referencing electronic >ournal articles% ;f a >ournal article is retrieved from the internet "here it is available onl in ,T*# format, and not .02, ou should cite the source ou used along "ith the vie"ed date and the UA#% !ince page numbers are not available for ,T*# format, if quoting or paraphrasing from the internet use as part of the in-te$t reference either a section heading De%g% Ogilv 2011, +uestioning of aspirations sectionE a paragraph number De%g% Ogilv 2011, para% 1=E

@uthorDsE of article - surname and initials Oear of publication, JTitle of articleF, .ournal name, volume number, issue number, vie"ed da month ear, UA#% In-text: ;t is stated that J"ith respect to aspirations to immortalit on the one hand, and the enhancement of ;+ on the other, the question is not so much "hether "e can, but "h "ould "e "ant to5F DOgilv 2011, +uestioning of aspirations sectionE% &$
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;t is stated that J"ith respect to aspirations to immortalit on the one hand, and the enhancement of ;+ on the other, the question is not so much "hether "e can, but "h "ould "e "ant to5F DOgilv 2011, para% 1=E% $eference List: Ogilv , ' 2011, M,uman enhancement and the computational metaphorM, .ournal of ,volution & echnology, vol% 22, no% 1, vie"ed 11 'une 2012, Phttp:??>etpress%org?v22?ogilv %htmQ%

In press article
@uthorFs surname, ;nitials in press, JTitle of articleF, .ournal name, vie"ed da month ear, database name Dif applicableE% Can Tu ckom, 8 ) 'oreskog, L in press, MBoing for goldS (elfare characteristics and Ol mpic success: an application of the structural equation approachM, 1uality & 1uantity, vie"ed 12 'ul 2012, .roquest database%

%agaDine article C no author

%ote: ;f the maga9ine article does not have an author, then provide details as an in-te$t citation onl % It is "&T re<uired in the $eference List. 2or e$ample: Inspire D'une 2012, p%11E states thatKK

%e'spaper articles
%ote: 8apitalise the first letter of the first "ord, and each of the ma>or "ords of the ne"spaper name% %ote: ;f the ne"spaper article does <OT have an author, then provide details as an in-te$t citation onl % It is "&T re<uired in the $eference List. 2or e$ample, in-te$t: he %ge D1= *a 2012, p%/E states thatK

"e=spaper article
@uthorFs surname, ;nitials Oear of publication, JTitle of articleF, 2ewspaper name, da month, page numberDsE% @rup, T 2012, J!olar panels incentives at riskF, he %ge, 1= *a , p% /%

"e=spaper article from a database

%ote: The Style manual for authors, editors and printers D2002E does not distinguish bet"een articles from printed sources and articles sourced electronicall % The follo"ing is a suggested procedure for referencing electronic ne"spaper articles% ;f a ne"spaper article is retrieved electronicall from a librar database in page image format, e%g% as an @crobat D.02E file, cite it the same as the original printed article% (here alternative formats are available, it is recommended to choose page image format% ;f a ne"spaper article is retrieved from a librar database "here it has been reformatted, e%g% as ,T*# or plain te$t, or from a "ebsite, ou should cite the source ou have used, as images, charts, page numbers, etc% ma have been removed% (here the source is a librar database, give the database name not the UA#% @uthorFs surname, ;nitials Oear of publication, JTitle of articleF, 2ewspaper name, da month, vie"ed da month ear, name of database% 8arne , ! 2012, JBillard pa ing price for gamble on the numbersF, he %ge, 2& *a , vie"ed 29 *a 2012, 2activa database%
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"e=spaper article from a =ebsite

;f a ne"spaper article is found via the ne"spaperFs "ebsite in ,T*# or plain te$t, include the articleFs UA# at the end of the citation% @uthorFs surname, ;nitials Oear of publication, JTitle of articleF, 2ewspaper name, da month, vie"ed da month ear, PUA#Q% #e"is, ! ) 6enson, ! 2012, J6ills sk rocket "ith B!T on top of carbon ta$F, -erald Sun, 1/ 'ul , vie"ed 1/ 'ul 2012, Phttp:??"""%heraldsun%com%au?ne"s?national?bills-sk rocket-"ith-gst-on-top-of-carbonta$?stor -fnc nkc&-122&121=:0244Q%

Internet sources
'iscussion list message
@uthor PauthorFs email addressQ Oear of posting, JTitle of postingF, description of posting, da and month of posting, name of list o"ner, vie"ed da month ear, PUA#Q% *acinnis, . P petermacinnisTo9email%com%au Q 2010, J.oint of grammarF, list server, 24 *arch, $3 /42, !iscussion /ist, vie"ed 2= !eptember 2012, Phttp:??baran%csu%edu%au?listarch?sho"%cgi5 fUOVT#I<3T)nU&:911Q%

"e=sgroup message
@uthor PauthorFs email addressQ Oear of posting, JTitle of postingF, description of posting, da and month of posting, name of ne"sgroup o"ner, vie"ed da month ear, PUA#Q% Lu9mov, @ 2012, J6-2olders /: the non-cloud, secure organi9er is launchedF, ne"sgroup, 2 *a , 3clipse 8ommunit 2orums, vie"ed 1& 'ul 2012, Phttp:??"""%eclipse%org?forums?inde$%php?t?/40=9/?Q%

#logs
@uthor PauthorFs email addressQ Oear of posting, JTitle of postingF, description of posting, da and month of posting, name of list DblogE o"ner, vie"ed da month ear, PUA#Q% ,aven, 8 Pc nthia%havenTgmail%comQ 2012, M(riting is a life of povert 5 <otF, "eblog post, 2: 'anuar , he Book -aven: Cynthia -aven"s Blog for the 5ritten 5ord, vie"ed 2= !eptember 2012, Phttp:??bookhaven%stanford%edu?2012?01?Q%

+ebsite documents
*an electronic sources do not provide page numbers unless the are in .02 format% ;f quoting or paraphrasing from a "ebsite that is <OT a .02, then use as part of the in-te$t reference either a section heading, De%g% 6etter ,ealth 8hannel 2012, 6od image problems in @ustralian men sectionE a paragraph number De%g% 6etter ,ealth 8hannel 2012, para% 4E

@uthor?editor Oear of document, itle of document, name of the sponsor of the source, date of vie"ing, PUA#Q% In-text: ;t is stated that Jsome people diet because the have a poor bod image, rather than because the "ant to be a health "eightF D6etter ,ealth 8hannel 2012, 6od image and diets sectionE% &$ ;t is stated that Jsome people diet because the have a poor bod image, rather than because the "ant to be a health "eightF D6etter ,ealth 8hannel 2012, para% 2E%
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$eference List: 6etter ,ealth 8hannel 2012, Body image and diets, 6etter ,ealth 8hannel, vie"ed 2= !eptember 2012, Phttp:??"""%betterhealth%vic%gov%au?bhcv2?bhcarticles%nsf?pages?6od IimageIandIdiets5openQ%

Reports
/overnment publications
These ma include departmental reports, reports of commissions of inquir , committees of revie" and committees of parliament% @uthorFs surname, ;nitials Oear of publication, itle of report, Aeport series code and number, !ponsoring bod or bod issuing report series, .ublisher, .lace of publication% Office of .olice ;ntegrit 2011, Improving 6ictoria +olice discipline and complaint handling systems: a progress report, .%.% series, no% /1, session 2010-11, Cictorian Bovernment .rinter, *elbourne% OA Cictoria, .arliament 2010, &''7 6ictorian Bushfires *oyal Commission: final report, .arl% .aper //2, !ession 200&-10, Cictorian Bovernment .rinter, *elbourne% *an government publications are available on the ;nternet% The follo"ing document appeared as a .arliamentar paper but it is also available from the relevant authorit Ms "ebsite% The "a ou access a document ma affect our citation% Breat 6ritain% .arliament% ,ouse of #ords% 3uropean Union 8ommittee 2010, +rogress of scrutiny, ,# 3U8-/, !ession 2009-10, !tationer Office, <or"ich, UL% OA Breat 6ritain% .arliament% ,ouse of #ords% 3uropean Union 8ommittee 2010, ,uropean 8nion Committee progress of scrutiny - third report, ,# /, vie"ed 1= 'ul 2012, Phttp:??"""%publications%parliament%uk?pa?ld200910?ldselect?ldeucom?0/?0/02%htmQ%

1arliamentary debates
2or parliamentar debates and the official records of "hat has been said in parliament% 'urisdiction, 8hamber Oear, +arliamentary !ebates, Colume number, .age no?s% @ustralia, !enate 2000, +arliamentary !ebates, vol% !24, p% &4% &$ 'urisdiction, 8hamber of the ,ouse Oear, +arliamentary !ebates, vol% Dif availableE, vie"ed da month ear, PUA#Q% @ustralia, !enate 2012, +arliamentary !ebates, vie"ed 20 'ul 2012, Phttp:??parlinfo%aph%gov%au?parl;nfo?do"nload?chamber?hansards?a4/c1d90-c&1a-1ab1-b9db&=9/f1ddd940?tocIpdf?!enateI2012I0&I19I11/4IOfficial%pdfNfileT peUapplicationW22pdfXsearchU W22chamber?hansards?a4/c1d90-c&1a-1ab1-b9db-&=9/f1ddd940?0094W22Q%

-ustralian #ureau of 2tatistics

@uthorFs name, Oear of publication, itle of report, cat% no%, .ublisher, .lace of publication% @ustralian 6ureau of !tatistics 200=, he health and welfare of %ustralia"s %boriginal and orres Strait Islander peoples &''9, cat% no% 1:01%0, @6! ) @ustralian ;nstitute of ,ealth and (elfare, 8anberra%
0ocument: 19=1102:/%doc """%rmit%edu%au?librar ?referencing @uthor: A*;T Universit #ibrar Updated: 19?10?2012 .age 11 of 11

OA @uthorFs name, Oear of publication, itle of report, cat% no%, .ublisher, .lace of publication, vie"ed da month ear, UA#% @ustralian 6ureau of !tatistics 2011, :easures of %ustralia"s progress: summary indicators, &'((, cat% no% 1/:0%0%44%001, @6!, 8anberra, vie"ed 2/ 'ul 2012, Phttp:??"""%abs%gov%au?@U!!T@T!?absT%nsf?mf?1/:0%0%44%0015opendocumentXfrom-bannerU#<Q%

Legislation and legal cases

Legislation
(hen referring to 8ommon"ealth @cts, Ordinances and Aegulations, the title must be reproduced e$actl , "ithout changing the capitalisation or spelling% The "ords @ct and 6ill are generall "ritten "ith a capital letter% @n @ct or Ordinance ma be cited b the short title, "hich is usuall drafted into modern legislation% The first reference must al"a s include the short title in italics% !ubsequent references ma refer to it b an undated, descriptive title in Aoman t pe% #egislation is usuall numbered as "ell as dated% The number follo"s the date% 2or @ustralian !tate legislation, the !tate must be included in Aoman t pe% @cts of .arliaments of the United Lingdom, <e" Vealand, 8anada and the United !tates, use Aoman t pe% 6ills currentl before .arliament are presented in Aoman t pe, not italics%

;nterstate Aoad Transport @ct 19=4 D8"lthE ;nterstate Aoad Transport @ct @ir <avigation @ct 1920 D<o% 40E D8"lthE 2irearms @ct 19/& D<!(E 6adgers @ct 19:1 DULE

Legal cases
To full cite legal authorities in-te$t: name of the caseN DdateE or volume number, or bothN abbreviated name of report seriesN and beginning page% #egal cases are not generall required in the reference list% 0reutner v; ,verard D19&0E 10/ 8#A 1::

(ther sources
)onference paper
@uthorFs surname, ;nitials Oear of publication, JTitle of paperF, GinH 3ditor Dif applicableE, itle of published proceeding which may include place held and date<s=, .ublisher, .lace of publication, page numberDsE, vie"ed da month ear Dif e-bookE, e-book database or UA# D"hichever applicableE% Ochi, O, Terashima, L ) *i oshi, T 2011, JTracking control to human gait of lift-t pe "alking assist robot using range sensorF, in . 6idaud, *O Tokhi, 8 Brand ) B! Cirk DedsE, >ield *obotics: +roceedings of the (?th International Conference on Climbing and 5alking *obots and the Support echnologies for :obile :achines, +aris, >rance, @)9 September &'((, (orld !cientific, ,ackensack, <', vie"ed 2/ 'ul 2012, (orld !cientific, pp% /-10%

0ocument: 19=1102:/%doc """%rmit%edu%au?librar ?referencing @uthor: A*;T Universit #ibrar Updated: 19?10?2012 .age 12 of 11

Thesis
@uthorFs surname, ;nitials Oear of preparation of thesis, JTitle of thesisF, @"ard, ;nstitution under "hose auspices the stud "as taken, .lace of publication Dif not inferred from the institutionFs titleE% @i, ' 2012, JThe political use of 8hinaMs traditions in contemporar 8hinaF, .h0 thesis, Universit of *elbourne%

1atent
<ameDsE of inventor Oear of issue, +atent title, .atent number including countr of issue% @nderson, <( 2012, System and method for providing prescribed resources to plants, U! patent =,221,191%

2tandard from a database

8orporate bod issuing standard Oear of publication, itle of standard, <umber of standard including identifier of issuing countr or bod , vie"ed da month ear, database name% !tandards @ustralia 2010, *esidential timber)framed construction ) non)cyclonic areas, @! 1&=1%2-2010, vie"ed 2= !eptember 2012, !@; Blobal database%

)'-$&%
@uthor?editorFs name, ;nitials Oear, itle, 3dition Dif applicableE, 80-AO*, .ublisher, .lace of publication% .ort *elbourne ,istorical ) .reservation !ociet 2004, -istory of a street precinct: eighty years history of the area bounded by ,vans St, >arrell St, 5illiamstown *d and Bridge St, +ort :elbourne, 80-AO*, .ort *elbourne ,istorical and .reservation !ociet , .ort *elbourne, Cic%

'5'B filmB video

itle of program Oear, format, .roducer, .lace% Climate change: what is the future of our worldA 2010, video recording, 0irect ,oldings @ustralia, ! dne % OA he social network &'((, motion picture, !on .ictures ,ome 3ntertainment, 8ulver 8it , 8@%

T5 and radio program

itle of program 6roadcast ear, format, series title Dif applicableE, 6roadcaster name, .lace of broadcast, broadcast date Dda monthE% urning the tables 2012, television program, @ustralian !tor , @68 TC, *elbourne, 2 'une% OA 5ater for life 2012, radio program, @68 <ational Aadio, *elbourne, 21 'ul % %ote: the in-te$t reference "ould be to the title of the program, also in italics%

%edia release
@uthor Dperson or organi9ationE Oear released, itle, format, <ame of organi9ation represented, .lace released, da month of release, vie"ed da month ear Dif electronicE, UA# Dif electronicE% .rime *inister of @ustralia 2012, %ustralia"s clean energy future, media release, .rime *inister of @ustralia, 8anberra, 1 'ul , vie"ed 24 'ul 2012, Phttp:??"""%pm%gov%au?press-office?australias-cleanenerg -futureQ%
0ocument: 19=1102:/%doc """%rmit%edu%au?librar ?referencing @uthor: A*;T Universit #ibrar Updated: 19?10?2012 .age 1/ of 11

1ersonal communication
;nformation gained through personal communication, "hether face-to-face intervie" or conversation, telephone call, facsimile, letter, email, etc%, should be provided as an in-te$t citation% 0etails of personal communications do not need to be included in the Aeference #ist% The information, including da , month and ear, is provided in the te$t, or parentheticall % 0etails of the organisation that the person represents ma also be included% %ote that initials precede the famil name% (hen intervie"ed on 14 @pril 2012, *s ! !mith confirmedK%% *s ! !mith confirmed this b facsimile on 14 @pril 2012% ;t has been confirmed thatKD! !mith 2012, pers% comm%, 14 @pril 2012E% *s ! !mith D0epartment of ,uman !ervices, Cictoria, @ust%E confirmed this b email on 14 @pril 2012% ;t has been confirmed thatKD! !mith G0epartment of ,uman !ervices, Cictoria, @ust%H 2012, pers% comm%, 14 @pril 2012E%

0ocument: 19=1102:/%doc """%rmit%edu%au?librar ?referencing @uthor: A*;T Universit #ibrar Updated: 19?10?2012 .age 11 of 11