Help for Buck Boost Converter

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Buck Boost Converter

Main page |How to use the program |Function principals | Mathematics used in the program | Top of page | Application | Tips | Literature Notes |Help for choking coils

How to use the program

Reference: The shapes of current and voltage curves are calculated using Faraday's Law. They do not represent an incremental simulation like it is done normally by programs like P-Spice. In the calculations the forward voltages of the diodes are considered with VF = 0.7V, and the transistors are interpreted as ideal switches. The values of all input fields can be changed. If an input field is left empty, a default value is chosen. This value is displayed after leaving the input field in question. The switch mode power supply operates within a certain input range i.e. between Vin_min and Vin_max . The program needs the output values Vout and Iout. The switching frequency f is the operating frequency of the transistor. If the field "proposal" is activated, the proposed choking coil L is chosen such that IL is 40% of the average value of the inductor current IL, for Vin_min as the input voltage. If you should not be content with the proposed value, you can change L or IL. If this is the case, the field "proposal" is deactivated automatically. The value Vin is the value for the calculation of the current and voltage diagrams on the right side of the display. Vin must lie between Vin_min and Vin_max.
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Application:
The Buck-Boost Converter converts a positive input voltage to a negative output voltage. With a Buck-Boost converter one could create a -12V potential from a 5V source.

Illustration 1: Buck Boost Converter

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Function principals:
The transistor works as a switch, which is turned on and off by the pulse-width-modulated control voltage. For the analysis of the following circuit it may be assumed that the transistor and the diode have no voltage drop during the respective on-phases. In the program the diode forward voltage of VF = 0.7V is taken into account.

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Help for Buck Boost Converter

http://schmidt-walter.eit.h-da.de/smps_e/ivw_hilfe_e.html

During the on-time of the transistor, there is an input voltage Vin applied across the inductor L. The inductor current IL increases linearly. Energy is loaded into the inductor. During the blocking phase of the transistor, the current IL continues to flow through the inductor and loads the output capacitor Cout. The inductor transfers its energy to Cout. One can make a distinction between continuous and discontinuous mode depending on whether the inductor current IL goes to zero or not. For continuous mode using Faraday's Law gives:

From this it follows that:

In continuous mode the output voltage depends only on the duty cycle t1/T and the input voltage Vin, it is independent of the load. In discontinuous mode the inductor current falls to zero during every period. At that moment when the current becomes zero, the voltage VL also goes to zero. The drain-source capacitance in parallel with the diode-junction capacitance together with the inductor L, creates a resonant circuit which is activated by the voltage jump of V1. The voltage VL then oscillates and fades away.

Continuous Mode

Discontinuous Mode

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Help for Buck Boost Converter

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Illustration 2: Operating modes of the Buck Boost Converter

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Tips
The larger the chosen value of the inductor L, the smaller the current ripple IL. However this results in a physically larger and heavier inductor. Choose IL so that it is not too big. The suggestions proposed by us have adequately small current ripple along with physically small inductor size. With a larger current ripple, the voltage ripple of the output voltage Vout becomes clearly bigger while the physical size of the inductor decreases marginally. The higher the chosen value of the switching frequency f , the smaller the size of the inductor. However the switching losses of the transistor also become larger as f increases.
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Mathematics used in the program

The following parameters must be entered into the input fields: Vin_min, Vin_max, Vout, Iout and f Using these parameters, the program produces a proposal for L:

where VF = 0.7 (Diode Forward-voltage) and

For the calculation of the curve-shapes, and also for the calculation of "IL for Vin_max", two cases have to be distinguished, i.e. continuous mode and discontinuous mode:

From this it follows that: a. For IL< 2IL the converter is in continuous mode and it follows that:

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Help for Buck Boost Converter

http://schmidt-walter.eit.h-da.de/smps_e/ivw_hilfe_e.html

b. For IL> 2IL the converter is in discontinuous mode and it follows that:

Main page |How to use the program |Function principals | Mathematics used in the program | Top of page | Application | Tips | Literature Notes |Help for choking coils

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12/23/2013 9:22 PM