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com (2013) Copyright ORIC Publications

Journal of Medical Sciences and Public Health

Vol. 1, No. 2 (2013), 23-28
ORICPublications
www.oricpub.com Homepage: http://www.oricpub.com/j-med-sci-pub-health

PID-ANN in Medical Diagnosis

S. Bouharati1, D. Harzallah2, I. Bouharati3, F. Allag4, M. Bounechada4
Laboratory of Intelligent Systems; Setif 1 University, Algeria Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Setif 1 University, Algeria 3 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Setif 1 University, Algeria 4 Department of Physiology, Faculty SNV, Setif 1 University, Algeria
2 1

Received: 28 May 2013 Accepted: 29Jun 2013

Abstract
The modeling addresses the medical diagnosis and a world system often presents problems. Regarding the normality of human physiological functions, the processes increase in complexity. They become less amenable to direct mathematical modeling based on physical laws since they may be distributed, stochastic, non-linear and time-varying, uncertain, etc. In this work, the system using artificial neural networks is capable to be used for medical diagnosis giving the entries of five inputs: Protein, Red blood cells, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils and Eosinophils, and taking three outputs: Normal, Hemorrhage and Brain Tumor. The medical diagnosis rules are formulated and applied using MATLAB simulation for the system. The simulation results are found in agreement with the design based calculated results. This research work proposes to develop a control system to enhance the efficiency to diagnose a disease related to human brain.

Keywords: Acceptability Human papilloma Virus vaccine Parents South-west Nigerian

1. INTRODUCTION The proposed system combines the dynamics theory and the automatic control and technology. The control system of physiological parameters variations is a complex, unstable, nonlinear system. To achieve it, well-designed control system is particularly important. Presently, there are many different types of control methods, but the system of medical diagnosis needs to control automatically and law regulating the parameters of the system in real-time, and to adapt to the impact of parameters change of the system itself and external interference, etc., so that the whole system can run in the best condition. Based on comparison and analysis of several typical control algorithms, this paper puts forward a neural network adaptive PID control algorithm [1]. The method is implemented into the PID tuning of the optimal values of physiological parameters system, (Protein, Red blood cells, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils and Eosinophils) where the transfer function represents a plant model of a real effect of those parameters on output values (Normal, Hemorrhage and Brain Tumor).

Correspondence:

S. Bouharati
Laboratory of Intelligent Systems; Setif 1 University, Algeria

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24 | S. Bouharati, D. Harzallah, I. Bouharati, F. Allag, M. Bounechada

The controller based on this approach consists of two main components: a PID control and a neural network. The results of this work suggest that neural networks could be added to existing PID-controlled for performance improvement [2]. A neuro-control system has been designed to control the disease in accordance with the desired physiological parameters variation. This control system consists of a neural controller in feed forward loop and a fixed parameter PID feedback controller [3]. 1. MATERIAL AND METHOD 1.1. PID controller Practically all PID controllers made today are based on microprocessors. This has given opportunities to provide additional features like automatic tuning, gain scheduling, and continuous adaptation with the patients transfer functions (Ps) (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Block diagram of a PID controller

The version of the PID algorithm is described by: () ( () () () ) (1)

Where y is the measured process variable, r the reference variable, u is the control signal and e is the control error ( ). The control signal is thus a sum of three terms: the P-term (which is proportional to the error), the I-term (which is proportional to the integral of the error), and the Dterm (which is proportional to the derivative of the error). The controller parameters are proportional gain K, integral time Ti, and derivative time Td. 1.2. PID with disturbances In this section a disturbance is added to the system (Fig.2).

Fig. 2. Block diagram of a PID controller with five inputs and disturbances as an inputs for neural network

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Many PID tuning methods are available and they can be divided into two categories. Firstly, approximation of function is adopt to simplify the problem, but they are only applicable to the simple models [4] [5]. Secondly, inverse function mapping was done by neural network (NN) [6]. For solving the problem, the obstacle is the difficulty in finding the stabilizing region of PID controllers. The solution is a necessary first step to any rational design of PID controllers. 1.3. Artificial Neural Networks Neural networks are designed to mimic the performance of the human brain. There is inputs level, output level, and a variable number of internal (or hidden) layers. The inputs are connected to hidden layer and they are in turn connected to output. As the neural network learns from a data set, the connection weights are adjusted. Data are fed into the input nodes, processed through the hidden layer(s), and the connection weights to the output nodes are adjusted. Neural nets are categorized based on their learning paradigm. Neural networks can reveal unexpected and otherwise undetectable patterns in large data sets. The major weakness in neural network solutions is the fact that the methods by which a relationship is discovered are hidden and therefore not readily understood or explained [7]. In the simplest way, a cooperative model can be considered as a preprocessor wherein artificial neural network (ANN) learning mechanism determines the training data [8]. Expression of the problem: Mapping of the space of parameters involved in the physiological parameters inputs are [Protein, Red blood cells, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils and Eosinophils]. Inputs are introduced from the second function of PID controller. Normal, Hemorrhage and Brain Tumor with the degree of achievement of each disease are output. The topology of neural network is described with five inputs extensible, two hidden layers, and an output (5-2-1) in the terminology of models of artificial neural networks. Wij and Wjk are weights, which represents the connection between the inputs and the output of the system. Weights contain all the information about the network. Our ANN with a hidden layer is presented in Fig. 3. The objective is the training of the network to reach the minimum value of the reading error at the output observed [9].

Fig. 3. Topology of ANN with a hidden layer

26 | S. Bouharati, D. Harzallah, I. Bouharati, F. Allag, M. Bounechada

Model Using examples consists of 500 tests of 250 different combinations of factors involved in the process .with all possible combinations. We choose to keep tests (50%) while 250 tests (50%) are used for learning. A priori, the relationship between these two spaces is complex (in particular nonlinear) which justifies the use of a multilayer network. Learning of the neural network It is in this case to introduce different data to the input in correspondence with the degree of pathogenicity resulting. To achieve this, the method is a kind of imitation of the brain: if the answer is correct, it is, but if there is an error, we must modify the network so as not to repeat the mistake. Is repeated several hundred times the operation, until the system has the smallest error value as possible Note: To change the system, just work on the weights [W] which are in the form of real numbers linking neurons. As these weights involved in the sum made by each neuron (the sum is weighted), it is possible to modify the network by changing their values without changing the network itself. That said, it is not clear how much weight we need to modify these. The goal is to achieve convergence towards a minimum error. In our case, after 1000 iterations, the gradient is 1.99 at 1000 iteration (Fig. 4).

Fig. 4: Error correction functions

The result after training is shown in Fig. 5. Test values are fully consistent with the recorded values.

PID-ANN in Medical Diagnosis | 27

Fig. 3: Example of application between the measured values and test values

2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In practice Protein, Red blood cells, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils and Eosinophils are used for establishing a link between the Normal, Hemorrhage and Brain Tumor with the degree of achievement of each disease. By introducing random values to the input of the system allows us to instantly read the result to predict the output. The lack of precision that can occur is subject to many variables to the system input. 3. CONCLUSION The established system used to analyze the factors involved in the occurrence of diseases. If the proposed program predicts the degree of involvement of each type physiological disorder, it is extensible and allows the introduction of other variables that are considered in this study. A larger studies including all parameters that influences the accuracy are to introduce and this for more reliability. The combination of these factors with their complexity, adapt perfectly to the model proposed data processing. REFERENCES
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28 | S. Bouharati, D. Harzallah, I. Bouharati, F. Allag, M. Bounechada [5]. J. G. Ziegler and N. B. Nichols, Optimum Settings for Automatic Controllers, Trans. ASME,Vol. 64, pp. 759-768, 1942.. [6]. K. J. Astrom and T. Hagglund, (2001). The Future of PID Control, IFAC J. Control Engineering Practice, Vol. 9, pp. 1163-1175. [7]. William C., Hanson III, MD, FCCM, Bryan E., Marshall, MD, FRCP, FRCA. intelligence applications in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med Vol. 29, No. 2 (2001). Artificial

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Please cite this article as: S. Bouharati, D. Harzallah, I. Bouharati, F. Allag, M. Bounechada, (2013), PID-ANN In Medical Diagnosis, Journal of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Vol. 1(2), 23-28.