Sample Vessel 5

PVE-Sample 5
Pressure Vessel Calculations
May 25, 2005

XYZ Vessel Inc.

123 Anytown
Ontario, Canada H0H 0H0

Charles Liu P. Eng.

Laurence Brundrett P. Eng.
Pressure Vessel Engineering Ltd.
PVE-Sample 5 Rev. 0
1 of 24

Table of Contents
Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Summary
Material Properties
Shell
Bottom Ferrule
Cone
Cone Discontinuity
2" Nozzle A
2" 300# RFSO Flange
2" Nozzle B
Code Case 2148
10" Nozzle C
10" Nozzle C For App. 1-7
10" Nozzle App 1-7
10" Flange
Top Shell Flange
Cover Swing Bolts
Coupling E
Weight and Volume

25-May-05

Page 2 of 24
Page
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8-9
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17 - 18
19 - 20
21 - 22
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24

Note:
Ferrules registered under CRN# ASLOA7213.5124087.
No calculations are included.

Pressure Vessel Design Summary

25-May-05
XYZ Vessel Inc.
Sample Vessel 5
PVE-Sample 5
PVE-Sample 5
PVE-Sample 5

12.75
20
2
Water
161
277
277
Maximum Internal pressure, psi

Maximum External Pressure, psi At Temperature, F

0
Minimum Temperature, F

350
Test Pressure, psi

260

Customer
Vessel
Part Number
Drawing
Job

Outside Diameter [inch]

straight Shell (not including straight flange on heads)
Volume [cuft]
Fluid (value from Material Properties)
Weight Empty [lbs.]
Weight Full
Weight Under Test

200
Maximum Temperature, F

Page 3 of 24

-20

350
At Pressure, psi

200

At a Minimum Temperature of: F For a Minimum Duration of:

55F

1/2 hr

Maximum Allowed Working Pressure

Maximum Design Metal Temperature
Hydrostatic Test

SA-240 304
18,600
0.0625
no
no
none
0

Primary Material of Construction

Allowable Stress
Minimum allowed thickness per UG-16(b)
Material Normalized
Material Impact Tested (not required per UHA-51(d)(1) )
Radiography required
Corrosion Allowance

ASME VIII-1
2004
none
IID
2148

Code
Edition
Addenda
Materials

UG-22 Loadings Considered

Yes
(a) Internal pressure
(a) External pressure
Yes
(b) Vessel weight full, empty and at hydro test
(c) Weight of attached equipment and piping
(d)(1) Attachment of internals
(d)(2) Attachment of vessel supports
(d) Cyclic or dynamic reactions
(f) Wind
(f) Snow
(f) Seismic
(g) Fluid impact shock reactions
(h) Temperature gradients
(h) Differential thermal expansion
(i) Abnormal pressures like deflagration

Code Cases Required

Material Properties

ASME VIII, IID 2004 Edition no Addenda

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Design Pressure

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200.0
0.0
Water
2.2
1.000
Design Pressure =

<- P, internal operating pressure at top of vessel (psig)

<- mPa, external operation pressure
<- Operating Fluid
Source - Machinery's handbook - 26th edition
<- h, fluid height (ft)
<- rho, fluid density (1.0 for water)
P + 0.4331*rho*h
= 200 + 0.4331 * 1 * 2.2
mDp = 201.0

Hydro Test

(UG-99(b))
Test Press = P * 1.3 * MR

pressure measured at top of vessel, rounded up

= 200 * 1.3 * 1

mTp = 260

Material Properties

(ASME IID)
350 <- mTemp, design temp F
Where Used
Material

SA-240 304 Plate

SA-312 TP304 Sms. and Wld. Pipe
SA-479 304 Bar
SA-182 F304 Forging
SA-193 B8 Bolts <= 3/4" (304ss) Class 1

shell,cone,flange
nozzle,bottom ferrule

side ferrule
flange,coupling
bolts

Test at ambient temp

Ambient Design
Strength Max F
Strength Strength Ratio
20000
18600
1.075
1500
20000
18600
1.075
1500
20000
18600
1.075
1500
20000
17400
1.149
1500
25000
25000
1.000
1500

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Page 4 of 24

UG-22(a)

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www.pveng.com

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

3
4
5

ver 2.01

Min Ratio (MR) =

1.000

Ext
Graph
HA-1
HA-1
HA-1
HA-1
HA-1

Pipe and Shell ver 2.38

ASME Code VIII Div I 2004 Edition No Addenda

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Page 5 of 24

www.pveng.com

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

Shell <- Description

25-May-05

Dimensions:
12.750
0.188
0.063
20.000
0.000

<- Do - Outside Diameter

<- t - Nominal Wall Thickness
<- tminUG16(b) - Minimum Wall Thickness Per UG-16(b)
<- Length for volume and weight
<- Corr, Corrosion Allowance

Material and Conditions:

SA-240 304 <- Material
18,600 <- S, Allowable Stress Level (psi)
0.7 <- El - Longitudinal Efficiency (circ. stress)
0.7 <- Ec - Circ. Connecting Efficiency (longitudinal stress)
0.0% <- UTP, Undertolerance allowance (%)
1.39 <- Volume (cubic ft)
0.000 <- UTI, Undertolerance allowance (inch)
42.0 <- Material Weight (lbs cs)
201.0 <- P, Interior Pressure
0.0 <- Pa, Exterior Pressure
Variables:
UT =
nt =
Ri =
LDo =

t*UTP+UTI
t-Corr-UT
Do/2-nt
Le/Do

= 0.188*0+0
= 0.188-0-0
= 12.75/2-0.188
= 20/12.75

undertollerance
nominal thick
effective inside radius

UT =
nt =
Ri =
LDo =

0.000
0.188
6.188
1.569

Interior Pressure UG-27 (c) (1,2)

ta = P*Ri/(S*El-0.6*P)
= 200.953*6.188/(18600*0.7-0.6*200.953)
ta = 0.096
tb = P*Ri/(2*S*Ec+0.4*P) = 200.953*6.188/(2*18600*0.7+0.4*200.95
tb = 0.048
tmin = Max(ta,tb,tminUG16b) <= t-Corr-UT
Acceptable
tmin = 0.096
PMaxA = (S*El*nt)/(Ri+0.6*nt) = (18600*0.7*0.188)/(6.188+0.6*0.188)
PMaxA = 387.5
PMaxB = (2*S*Ec*nt)/(Ri-0.4*nt) = (2*18600*0.7*0.188)/(6.188-0.4*0.188)
PMaxB = 798.8
PMax = Min(PMaxA,PMaxB)
Acceptable PMax = 387.5
tr1 = P*Ri/(S*1-0.6*P)
= 200.953*6.188/(18600*1-0.6*200.953)
tr1 = 0.067
Shell stress relief -UCS-79(d), UNF-79(d), UHA-44(d)
Rf = (do-t)/2
= (12.75-0.188)/2
% elong = (50*t/Rf)*(1-0)
= (50*0.188/6.281)*(1-0)
% elongation =
20.0% <- Max Elongation
Yes <- Cold formed
1.5% <- Elongation
Required
no <- Vessel carries lethal substances (Yes/no)
no
no <- Impact testing is required (Yes/no)
no
no <- Greater than 10% reduction in thickness
no
no <- Formed between 250 and 900 Degrees F
no
no <- Shell is greater than 5/8" thick before forming
no
Stress Relieve ?

6.28125
1.5
no
no
no
no
no
no
no

Pipe and Shell ver 2.38

ASME Code VIII Div I 2004 Edition No Addenda

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Page 6 of 24

www.pveng.com

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

Bottom Ferrule - Machined From 8" SCH 80 Pipe <- Description
Dimensions:
8.030
0.078
0.063
1.102
0.000

<- Do - Outside Diameter

<- t - Nominal Wall Thickness
<- tminUG16(b) - Minimum Wall Thickness Per UG-16(b)
<- Length for volume and weight
<- Corr, Corrosion Allowance

Material and Conditions:

SA-312 TP304 <- Material
18,600 <- S, Allowable Stress Level (psi)
0.85 <- El - Longitudinal Efficiency (circ. stress)
0.7 <- Ec - Circ. Connecting Efficiency (longitudinal stress)
12.5% <- UTP, Undertolerance allowance (%)
0.03 <- Volume (cubic ft)
0.000 <- UTI, Undertolerance allowance (inch)
0.6 <- Material Weight (lbs cs)
201.0 <- P, Interior Pressure
0.0 <- Pa, Exterior Pressure
Variables:
UT =
nt =
Ri =
LDo =

t*UTP+UTI
t-Corr-UT
Do/2-nt
Le/Do

Note: This ferrule is to be proven by proof testing

per UG-101 (m).

= 0.078*0.125+0
= 0.078-0-0.01
= 8.03/2-0.068
= 20/8.03

undertollerance
nominal thick
effective inside radius

UT =
nt =
Ri =
LDo =

0.010
0.068
3.947
2.491

Interior Pressure UG-27 (c) (1,2)

ta = P*Ri/(S*El-0.6*P)
= 200.953*3.947/(18600*0.85-0.6*200.953
ta = 0.051
tb = P*Ri/(2*S*Ec+0.4*P) = 200.953*3.947/(2*18600*0.7+0.4*200.95
tb = 0.030
tmin = Max(ta,tb,tminUG16b) <= t-Corr-UT
Acceptable
tmin = 0.063
PMaxA = (S*El*nt)/(Ri+0.6*nt) = (18600*0.85*0.068)/(3.947+0.6*0.068)
PMaxA = 270.6
PMaxB = (2*S*Ec*nt)/(Ri-0.4*nt) = (2*18600*0.7*0.068)/(3.947-0.4*0.068)
PMaxB = 453.4
PMax = Min(PMaxA,PMaxB)
Acceptable PMax = 270.6
tr1 = P*Ri/(S*1-0.6*P)
= 200.953*3.947/(18600*1-0.6*200.953)
tr1 = 0.043
Shell stress relief -UCS-79(d), UNF-79(d), UHA-44(d)
Rf = (do-t)/2
= (8.03-0.078)/2
% elong = (50*t/Rf)*(1-0)
= (50*0.078/3.976)*(1-0)
% elongation =
20.0% <- Max Elongation
Yes <- Cold formed
1.0% <- Elongation
Required
no <- Vessel carries lethal substances (Yes/no)
no
no <- Impact testing is required (Yes/no)
no
no <- Greater than 10% reduction in thickness
no
no <- Formed between 250 and 900 Degrees F
no
no <- Shell is greater than 5/8" thick before forming
no
Stress Relieve ?

3.976
1.0
no
no
no
no
no
no
no

1
2
3

Cone ver 2.61

25-May-05

ASME VIII 1-4 2004 Edition, No Addenda

www.pveng.com

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

Cone <- Description

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5
6
7
8
9

11
12

15
16
17
18

(inch)
<- ODL, outside diameter large end
<- ODS, outside diameter small end
<- t, thickness
<- L, length
<- Ln, length from small end to nozzle
<- ca, Corrosion allowance

Material Properties

Ln

P
t

21

Length

SA-240 304 <- Material

18,600 <- S, allowable stress Level (psi)
0.70 <- E, long seam weld efficiency

19
20

eam

13
14

12.750
8.030
0.188
5.000
2.500
0.000

ODS

S
Long

10

Dimensions

Page 7 of 24

201.0 <- P, design pressure (psig)

0.0 <- Pa, Exterior Pressure

ODL

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25
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27
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Calculated Properties:
0.2 <- Volume (cubic ft)
9 <- Material Weight (lbs cs)
25.3 <- a
0.441 <- a, rad

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42

Interior Pressure

1-4(e)
nt = t-ca
= 0.188-0
treq = P*ODL/(2*COS(a)*(S*E+0.4*P))
= 200.953*12.75/(2*Cos(0.441)*(18600*0.7+0.4*200.953)
Outside diameter at nozzle location:
= ODS+2*((ODL-ODS)/2/L)*Ln
= 8.03+2*((12.75-8.03)/2/5)*2.5
treq at nozzle = P*ODN/(2*COS(a)*(S*E+0.4*P))
= = 200.953*10.39/(2*COS(0.441)*(18600*0.7+0.4*200.953))
Pmax = 2*S*E*nt*cos(a)/(ODL-0.8*nt*cos(a))
= 2*18600*0.7*0.188*cos(0.441)/(12.75-0.8*0.188*cos(0.441))

nt = 0.188
tl = 0.108
Acceptable
ODN = 10.39

tln = 0.088
Pmax = 350.0
Acceptable

Cone Discontinuity Stress ver 1.4

Pressure Vessel Design Handbook - Second Edition - Henry H Bednar. Pages 231 to 240 & ASME VIII-1 5(g)

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

Cone Discontinuity <- Description

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Large Cylinder - Zone A

SA-240 304
18,600
0.70
12.750
0.188
SA-240 304
18,600
0.70
25.3
0.188
SA-312 TP304
18,600
0.85
8.030
0.078
201.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

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41

tL =
tC =
tS =
Large End RL =
Small End Rs =
Alpha (rad) =

Constants:

43

Large End

44
45
46
47
48
49

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53
54
55

<- Material
<- Sc, allowed stress
<- Ec, longitudinal efficiency
<- Alpha
<- tCn, thickness

C
D

<- Material
<- Ss, allowed stress
<- Es, longitudinal efficiency
<- ODS, outside diameter
<- tSn
<- P, design internal pressure
<- Ca, corrosion allowance
<- W, External Load (lbs)
<- M, External Moment (in lbs)

Geometry:

42

50

Operating Conditions

31

36

Small Cylinder - Zone D

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<- Material
<- Sl, allowed stress
<- El, longitudinal efficiency
<- ODL, outside diameter
<- tLn, thickness

Cone - Zones B and C

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Page 8 of 24

www.pveng.com 25-May-05

Small End

nL =
kL =
V1L =
=
V2L =
=
nS =
kS =
V1S =
=
V2S =
=

tLn - Ca
tCn - Ca
tSn - Ca
(ODL-tL)/2
(ODS-Ts)/2
AlphaDeg/180*PI()

= 0.188 - 0
= 0.188 - 0
= 0.078 - 0
= (12.75-0.188)/2
= (8.03-0.078)/2
= 25.3/180*PI

tC / tL
SQRT(COS(Alpha)/nL)

= 0.1875 / 0.1875
= SQRT(COS(0.442)/1)

kL*(1+nL^2*(1+2*kL*nL))/(kL*nL^4+2*kL^2*nL^3+2*kL*nL^2+2*nL+kL)

tL =
tC =
tS =
RL =
Rs =
Alpha =

0.188
0.188
0.078
6.281
3.976
0.442

nL = 1.000
kL = 0.951
V1L = 0.487

0.95*(1+1^2*(1+2*0.95*1))/(0.95*1^4+2*0.95^2*1^3+2*0.95*1^2+2*1+0.95)

kL*nL*(1+V1L*(nL^2-1))/(4*(kL*nL^3+1))
0.95*1*(1+0.12*(1^2-1))/(4*(0.95*1^3+1))

V2L = 0.122

tC / tS
SQRT(COS(Alpha)/nS)

nS = 2.404
kS = 0.613
V1S = 0.336

= 0.1875 / 0.078
= SQRT(COS(0.442)/2.404)

kS*(1+nS^2*(1+2*kS*nS))/(kS*nS^4+2*kS^2*nS^3+2*kS*nS^2+2*nS+kS)

0.61*(1+2.4^2*(1+2*0.61*2.4))/(0.61*2.4^4+2*0.61^2*2.4^3+2*0.61*2.4^2+2*2.4+0.61)

kS*nS*(1+V1S*(nS^2-1))/(4*(kS*nS^3+1))
0.61*2.4*(1+0.34*(2.4^2-1))/(4*(0.61*2.4^3+1))

V2S = 0.101

59
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Sample Vessel 5 - Cone Discontinuity

Discontinuity Influence Coefficients:

Large End

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64
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71
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73
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77
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79
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81
82
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86
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89
90
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94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111

Page 9 of 24

25-May-05

Small End

XL =
YL =
=
UL =

4.669*V2L*TAN(Alpha)
= 4.669*0.12*TAN(0.44)
1.285*(V1L - 2*V2L)*TAN(Alpha)
1.285*(0.487 - 2*0.122)*TAN(0.442)
XL/nL^2
= 0.269/1^2

XS =
YS =
=
US =

4.669*V2S*TAN(Alpha)
= 4.669*0.1*TAN(0.44)
1.285*(V1S - 2*V2S)*TAN(Alpha)
1.285*(0.336 - 2*0.101)*TAN(0.442)
XL/nL^2
= 0.223/2.404^2

XL = 0.2689
YL = 0.1480
UL = 0.2689
XS = 0.223
YS = 0.082
US = 0.039

Equivalent Loads from W and M

lL = (4*M/(Pi*2*RL)+(W/(pi*2*RL)
PeL = P+(2*lL/RL)

= (4*0/(Pi*2*6.281)+(0/(pi*2*6.281)

lS = (4*M/(Pi*2*RS)+(W/(pi*2*RS)
PeS = P+(2*lS/RS)

= (4*0/(Pi*2*3.976)+(0/(pi*2*3.976)

= 200.953+(2*0/6.281)
= 200.953+(2*0/3.976)

lL = 0.000
PeL = 200.953
lS = 0.000
PeS = 200.953

Maximum Allowed Stresses: ASME 1-5(g) & UG-23(e)

Longitudinal = 3*Sl
Mem tangential = 1.5*Sl

= 3*18600
= 1.5*18600

Zone A
Zone A

LLmax = 55,800
MLmax = 27,900

Longitudinal = 3*Sc
Mem tangential = 1.5*Sc

= 3*18600
= 1.5*18600

Zone B & C
Zone B & C

LCmax = 55,800
MCmax = 27,900

Longitudinal = 3*Ss
Mem tangential = 1.5*Ss

= 3*18600
= 1.5*18600

Zone D
Zone D

LSmax = 55,800
MSmax = 27,900

Combined Stresses - Large Cylinder - Zone A

Longitudinal =
=
Mem tangential =
=

Long. = 13,844
-7,112
(201*6.281/0.1875)*(0.5 +- 0.269*SQRT(6.281/0.1875))
Acceptable
(P*RL/tL)*(1-(PeL/P)*YL*SQRT(RL/tL))<=MLmax
Mem. Tan. = 964
(201*6.281/0.1875)*(1-(201/201)*0.148*SQRT(6.281/0.1875))
Acceptable

(PeL*RL/tL)*(0.5 +- XL*SQRT(RL/tL))<=LLmax

Combined Stresses - Large End of Cone - Zone B

Longitudinal = (PeL*RL/tL)*(0.5/(nl*cos(alpha)) +- UL*SQRT(RL/tL))<=LCmax Long. = 14,201
-6,755
= (201*6.281/0.1875)*(0.5/(1*0.904) +- 0.269*SQRT(6.281/0.1875))
Acceptable
Mem tangential = (P*RL/tL)*(1/(nl*cos(alpha))-(PeL/P)*YL*SQRT(RL/tL))<=MCmax
Mem. Tan. = 1,678
= (201*6.281/0.1875)*(1/(1*0.904) -(201/201)*0.148*SQRT(6.281/0.1875))
Acceptable

Combined Stresses - Small End of Cone - Zone C

Longitudinal =
=
Mem tangential =
=

-463
(201*3.976/0.078)*(0.5/(2.404*0.904) +- 0.039*SQRT(3.976/0.078))
Acceptable
(P*RS/tS)*(1/(ns*cos(alpha))+(PeS/P)*YS*SQRT(RS/tS))<=MCmax
Mem. Tan. = 10,684
(200.95282*3.976/0.078)*(1/(2.404*0.904)+(201/201)*0.082*SQRT(3.976/0.078))
Acceptable
(PeS*RS/tS)*(0.5/(ns*cos(alpha)) +- US*SQRT(RS/tS))<=LCmax

Long. = 5,176

Combined Stresses - Small Cylinder - Zone D

Longitudinal = (PeS*RS/tS)*(0.5 +- XS*SQRT(RS/tS))<=Lsmax
Long. = 21,413
-11,170
= (200.953*3.976/0.078)*(0.5 +- 0.223*SQRT(3.976/0.078))
Acceptable
Mem tangential = (P*Rs/ts)*(1+(PeS/P)*Ys*SQRT(Rs/ts))<=Msmax
Mem. Tan. = 16,214
= (200.95282*3.976/0.078)*(1+(200.953/200.95282)*0.082*SQRT(3.976/0.078))
Acceptable

28

Nozzle Reinforcement ver 3.81

29

ASME Code VIII Div I 2004 Edition No Addenda

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

2" Nozzle A <- Description

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107
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201
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Shell:
SA-240 304 <- Shell Material
18,600 <- Sv, shell allowable stress level, PSI
1.00 <- Eone, efficiency of shell at nozzle
Do
0.188 <- Vt, shell wall thick, uncorroded, UT removed
Nt
0.088 <- tr, required shell wall thickness int. press.(E=1)
0.000 <- trE, required shell wall thickness ext. press.(E=1)
0.063 <- tmin16b, Min allowed wall per UG-16(b)
t
Nozzle:
Leg41
SA-312 TP304 <- Nozzle Material
18,600 <- Sn, allowable stress level (Sn)
1.00 <- E nozzle
Leg41
Shell
201.0 <- P, internal design pressure
0.0 <- Pa, external design pressure
Vt
2.375 <- Do, outside diameter
2.333 <- dh, id of hillside nozzle
0.154 <- Nt, wall thick, uncorroded
UW-16.1 (c)
12.5% <- UTp, undertolerance (%)
3.000 <- L, exterior Projection
Reinforcing:
0.188 <- Leg41, size of weld fillet
1.000 <- F
Variables:
UT = Nt*UTp
= 0.154 * 0.125
Undertolerance
UT =
Rn = Do/2 - (Nt-nca) + UT
= 2.375/2 - (0.154-0) + 0.019
Effective Radius
Rn =
t = Vt-sca
= 0.1875 - 0
Effective Shell Thickness
t=
tn = Nt-nca
= 0.154-0
Avail. Nozzle Thick. No UT
tn =
fr1 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1)
= MIN(18600/18600, 1)
fr1 =
fr2 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1)
= MIN(18600/18600, 1)
fr2 =
tcLeg41 = Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,tn,t))
= Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,0.154,0.188))
tc41 =
F = Min(Fenterered, 1)
F=
Pipe Required Wall Thickness - trn from internal, trnE from external pressure
LDo = L/Do
LDo = 1.263
Dot = Do/trnE
Dot = 0.000
trn = (P*Rn)/(Sn*E - 0.6*P) <= tn-UT
= (201*1.053)/(18600*1 - 0.6*201)
trn = 0.011
trnR = (P*Rn)/(Sn*1 - 0.6*P)
= (201*1.053)/(18600*1 - 0.6*201)
E=1
trnR = 0.011
= (3*2.375*0)/(4*1)
trnE = (3*Do*Pa)/(4*B) <= tn-ut
trnE = 0.000
Geometry Constraints:
0.7*Leg41 >= tc41
0.7*0.1875 >= 0.108
0.131
>=
0.108
Area Replacement: Fig UG-37.1
Pressure From: Internal
A = 1.0*d*tr*F + 2*tn*tr*F*(1-frone)
A Required (internal) = 0.206
= 1.0*2.333*0.088*1 + 2*0.154*0.088*1*(1-1)
Ae = 0.5*(d*trE*1 + 2*tn*trE*1*(1-frone)) = 0.5*(2.333*0*1 + 2*0.154*0*1*(1-1))
A Required (external) =
A1 = max(d, 2*(t+tn)) * (E1*t-F*tr)-2*tn*(E1*t-F*tr)*(1-fr1)
A1 = 0.232
= max(2.333, 2*(0.188+0.154)) * (1*0.188-1*0.088)-2*0.154*(1*0.188-1*0.088)*(1-1)
A1e = max(d, 2*(t+tn)) * (Eone*t-F*trE)-2*tn*(Eone*t-F*trE)*(1-frone)
A1e =
= max(2.333, 2*(0.188+0.154)) * (1*0.188-1*0)-2*0.154*(1*0.188-1*0)*(1-1)
A2 = min((tn-trnR)*fr2*Min(5*t,2*L) , (tn-trnR)*fr2*Min(5*tn,2*L))
A2 = 0.110
= min((0.154-0.011)*1*Min(5*0.188,2*3) , (0.154-0.011)*1*Min(5*0.154,2*3))
A2e = min((tn-trnE)*frtwo*Min(5*t,2*L) , (tn-trnE)*frtwo*Min(5*tn,2*L))
A2e =
= min((0.154-0)*1*Min(5*0.188,2*3) , (0.154-0)*1*Min(5*0.154,2*3))
A41 = Leg41^2*frTwo
= 0.1875^2*1
A41 = 0.035
Actual Area = 0.377
Acceptable
Actual-Required = 0.171
Tstd =
Swre =
Nact =
Tt =

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25-May-05
Page 10 of 24
Manual dh for hillside nozzles
Automatic Limit Diameter
Curved Shell or Head Section

Nozzle

32

UW16(c) <- SavedDesign

www.pveng.com

Standard pipe wall thickness from chart

tr * Pa / P
= 0.088 * 0 / 200.953
Nt * (1-UTp)
= 0.154 * (1-0.125)
0.8/Nth
= 0.8/0

Req. Exterior pressure

UG-45
UG45 =
UG45a =
UB45b =
UG45b1 =
UG45b2 =
UG45b3 =
UG45b4 =

Max(UG45a, UG45b) <= Nact

Max(trn,trnE) + Nca + Tt
Min(UG45b,UG45b4)
0.088119
Max(tr + Sca, Tmin16b + Sca)
Max(Swre + Sca,Tmin + Sca)
Max(UG45b1,UG45b2)
Tstd*0.875 + Nca

= Max(0.011, 0.088) <= 0.135

= Max(0.011,0) + 0 + 0
= Min(0.088, 0.135)
= Max(0.088 + 0, 0.063 + 0)

= Max(0 + 0,0.063 + 0)
= Max(0.088,)
= 0.154*0.875 + 0

Actual Wall Thick.

Ug-31(c)(2) threads

Tstd =
Swre =
Nact =
Tt =

0.154
0.000
0.135
0.000
Acceptable
0.088
0.011
0.088
0.088

UG45 =
UG45a =
UB45b =
UG45b1 =
UG45b2 =
UG45b3 = 0.088
UG45b4 = 0.135

0.019
1.053
0.188
0.154
1.000
1.000
0.108
1.000

Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
External

0.000

0.437

0.119
0.035
0.591
0.591

18
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B16.5/16.47 Flange

Ver 2.6

SlipOn

25-May-05

www.pveng.com

ASME B16.5 & B16.47-1996 ASME VIII 2004 Edition No Addenda

Page 11 of 24
#VALUE!

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

2" 300# RFSO Flange <- Description

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24

Select Flange
SA
Forged
SA 182 Gr. F304
300
2.00

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<- Category
<- Material Type
<- Material
<- Pressure Class
<- Nominal Size

31

Nominal Table Max Temp F Pod, pipe OD -

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36

18Cr-8Ni
2-2.1
1500
2.375

Nozzle
0.154 <- tn, Nozzle Wall Thickness (inch)
0.011 <- tnr, Required Nozzle Wall Thickness (inch)

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41
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43

Operating Conditions
350 <- T, temperature F
201.0 <- P, pressure, psig
0.000 <- Corr, corrosion allowance

Acceptable
Max press @100F [p1] 720
Max press @350F [p2] 518

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49
50
52

Flange Welds:
0.154
0.250
18600
17400
1.00

<- F1, pipe fillet size

<- F2, flange fillet size F2
<- Sp, allowable stress, pipe
<- Sf, allowable stress, flange
<- E, weld efficiency

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63
64
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70
72
74
75
78
79
80
81
82

Geometry constraint: VIII UW-21 (b)

wtmin = 0.7*tn
wt = 0.7*MIN(F1,F2)
= 0.7*MIN(0.154,0.25)
Weld Strength:
Min Sa =
Max Weld Stress =
Weld Load =
Weld Area =
=
Weld Stress =

= 0.7*0.154

Req. weld throat

Actual weld throat

MIN(Sp,Sf)
= MIN(18600,17400)
Sa * 0.49
= 17400 * 0.49
POD^2*pi*P/4
= 2.375^2*pi*200.953/4
Pod*pi*(F1-corr + F2)
2.375*pi*(0.154-0 + 0.25)
Load/Area
= 890.248/3.014

wtmin = 0.108
wt = 0.108
Acceptable
Min Sa =
Max S =
Load =
Area =

17,400
8,526
890
3.014

Stress = 295
Acceptable

28

Nozzle Reinforcement ver 3.81

29

ASME Code VIII Div I 2004 Edition No Addenda

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

2" Nozzle B <- Description

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Shell:
SA-240 304 <- Shell Material
18,600 <- Sv, shell allowable stress level, PSI
1.00 <- Eone, efficiency of shell at nozzle
Do
0.188 <- Vt, shell wall thick, uncorroded, UT removed
Nt
0.067 <- tr, required shell wall thickness int. press.(E=1)
0.000 <- trE, required shell wall thickness ext. press.(E=1)
0.063 <- tmin16b, Min allowed wall per UG-16(b)
t
Nozzle:
Leg41
SA-479 304 <- Nozzle Material
18,600 <- Sn, allowable stress level (Sn)
1.00 <- E nozzle
Leg41
Shell
201.0 <- P, internal design pressure
0.0 <- Pa, external design pressure
Vt
2.192 <- Do, outside diameter
0.161 <- Nt, wall thick, uncorroded
0.0% <- UTp, undertolerance (%)
UW-16.1 (c)
1.500 <- L, exterior Projection
Reinforcing:
0.188 <- Leg41, size of weld fillet
1.000 <- F
Variables:
UT = Nt*UTp
= 0.161 * 0
Undertolerance
UT =
Rn = Do/2 - (Nt-nca) + UT
= 2.192/2 - (0.161-0) + 0
Effective Radius
Rn =
t = Vt-sca
= 0.1875 - 0
Effective Shell Thickness
t=
tn = Nt-nca
= 0.161-0
Avail. Nozzle Thick. No UT
tn =
d = Do-2*tn
= 2.192 - 2*0.161
Opening Dia.
d=
fr1 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1)
= MIN(18600/18600, 1)
fr1 =
fr2 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1)
= MIN(18600/18600, 1)
fr2 =
tcLeg41 = Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,tn,t))
= Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,0.161,0.188))
tc41 =
F = Min(Fenterered, 1)
F=
Pipe Required Wall Thickness - trn from internal, trnE from external pressure
LDo = L/Do
LDo = 0.684
Dot = Do/trnE
Dot = 0.000
trn = (P*Rn)/(Sn*E - 0.6*P) <= tn-UT
= (201*0.935)/(18600*1 - 0.6*201)
trn = 0.010
trnR = (P*Rn)/(Sn*1 - 0.6*P)
= (201*0.935)/(18600*1 - 0.6*201)
E=1
trnR = 0.010
= (3*2.192*0)/(4*1)
trnE = (3*Do*Pa)/(4*B) <= tn-ut
trnE = 0.000
Geometry Constraints:
0.7*Leg41 >= tc41
0.7*0.1875 >= 0.113
0.131
>=
0.113
Area reinforcement calculation exemptions: UG-36(c)(3)(a)
Df = Do-Nt*2
= 2.192-0.161*2
Not Required
Df =
IF(Vt>0.375", if(Df>2.375", "reinforcement calculations required", "not required"), if(Df>3.5", "required", "not required))
Tstd =
Swre =
Nact =
Tt =

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25-May-05
Page 12 of 24
Automatic dh - not hillside
Automatic Limit Diameter
Curved Shell or Head Section

Nozzle

32

UW16(c) <- SavedDesign

www.pveng.com

Standard pipe wall thickness from chart

tr * Pa / P
= 0.067 * 0 / 200.953
Nt * (1-UTp)
= 0.161 * (1-0)
0.8/Nth
= 0.8/0

UG-45
UG45 =
UG45a =
UB45b =
UG45b1 =
UG45b2 =
UG45b3 =
UG45b4 =

Max(UG45a, UG45b) <= Nact

Max(trn,trnE) + Nca + Tt
Min(UG45b,UG45b4)
0.067285
Max(tr + Sca, Tmin16b + Sca)
Max(Swre + Sca,Tmin + Sca)
Max(UG45b1,UG45b2)
Tstd*0.875 + Nca

= Max(0.01, 0.067) <= 0.161

= Max(0.01,0) + 0 + 0
= Min(0.067, 0.127)
= Max(0.067 + 0, 0.063 + 0)

= Max(0 + 0,0.063 + 0)
= Max(0.067,)
= 0.145*0.875 + 0

Req. Exterior pressure

Actual Wall Thick.
Ug-31(c)(2) threads

Tstd =
Swre =
Nact =
Tt =

0.145
0.000
0.161
0.000
Acceptable
0.067
0.010
0.067
0.067

UG45 =
UG45a =
UB45b =
UG45b1 =
UG45b2 =
UG45b3 = 0.067
UG45b4 = 0.127

0.000
0.935
0.188
0.161
1.870
1.000
1.000
0.113
1.000

Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
1.870

Code Case 2148 Ver. 2.1

ASME Code VIII Div I 2004 edition, no addenda

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25-May-05

Page 13 of 24

www.pveng.com

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

Code Case 2148 for Ferrule B <- Description
Design Parameters:
201.0 <- P, design pressure, psi
SA-479 304 <- Bar material
18600 <- S, bar allowable stress, psi
The use of bar stock as nozzle neck is acceptable per code case 2148 as detailed below:
1) All bar stock nozzles are <= 4"
2) Nominal wall thickness (T) >= std pipe with undertolerence removed (t-UT)
Nozzle
NPS
Nozzle Wall(T)
t-UT
STD Pipe Wall (t)
Nozzle B
2"
0.161
0.135
0.154

Acceptable

3) Design hoop stress <= 50% of allowable stress

Hoop Stress = 0.6*P+P*Ri/T
Nozzle
NPS
Nozzle Wall(T)
Ri
Nozzle B
2"
0.161
0.935

Acceptable

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31

** Ri - nozzle inside radius

Hoop Stress
1288

50% of S
9300

28

Nozzle Reinforcement ver 3.81

29

ASME Code VIII Div I 2004 Edition No Addenda

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

10" Nozzle C <- Description

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Shell:
SA-240 304 <- Shell Material
18,600 <- Sv, shell allowable stress level, PSI
1.00 <- Eone, efficiency of shell at nozzle
Do
0.188 <- Vt, shell wall thick, uncorroded, UT removed
Nt
0.067 <- tr, required shell wall thickness int. press.(E=1)
0.000 <- trE, required shell wall thickness ext. press.(E=1)
0.063 <- tmin16b, Min allowed wall per UG-16(b)
t
Nozzle:
Leg41
SA-312 TP304 <- Nozzle Material
18,600 <- Sn, allowable stress level (Sn)
1.00 <- E nozzle
Leg41
Shell
201.0 <- P, internal design pressure
0.0 <- Pa, external design pressure
Vt
10.750 <- Do, outside diameter
8.000 <- dLr, Limit radius <= d
0.365 <- Nt, wall thick, uncorroded
UW-16.1 (c)
12.5% <- UTp, undertolerance (%)
4.000 <- L, exterior Projection
Reinforcing:
0.250 <- Leg41, size of weld fillet
1.000 <- F
Variables:
UT = Nt*UTp
= 0.365 * 0.125
Undertolerance
UT =
Rn = Do/2 - (Nt-nca) + UT
= 10.75/2 - (0.365-0) + 0.046
Effective Radius
Rn =
t = Vt-sca
= 0.1875 - 0
Effective Shell Thickness
t=
tn = Nt-nca
= 0.365-0
Avail. Nozzle Thick. No UT
tn =
d = Do-2*tn
= 10.75 - 2*0.365
Opening Dia.
d=
fr1 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1)
= MIN(18600/18600, 1)
fr1 =
fr2 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1)
= MIN(18600/18600, 1)
fr2 =
tcLeg41 = Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,tn,t))
= Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,0.365,0.188))
tc41 =
F = Min(Fenterered, 1)
F=
Pipe Required Wall Thickness - trn from internal, trnE from external pressure
LDo = L/Do
LDo = 0.372
Dot = Do/trnE
Dot = 0.000
trn = (P*Rn)/(Sn*E - 0.6*P) <= tn-UT
= (201*5.056)/(18600*1 - 0.6*201)
trn = 0.055
trnR = (P*Rn)/(Sn*1 - 0.6*P)
= (201*5.056)/(18600*1 - 0.6*201)
E=1
trnR = 0.055
trnE = (3*Do*Pa)/(4*B) <= tn-ut
trnE = 0.000
= (3*10.75*0)/(4*1)
Geometry Constraints:
0.7*Leg41 >= tc41
0.7*0.25 >= 0.131
0.175
>=
0.131
Area Replacement: Fig UG-37.1
Pressure From: Internal
A = 1.0*d*tr*F + 2*tn*tr*F*(1-frone)
A Required (internal) = 0.674
= 1.0*10.02*0.067*1 + 2*0.365*0.067*1*(1-1)
Ae = 0.5*(d*trE*1 + 2*tn*trE*1*(1-frone)) = 0.5*(10.02*0*1 + 2*0.365*0*1*(1-1))
A Required (external) =
A1 = max(2*dLr-d, 2*(t+tn)) * (E1*t-F*tr)-2*tn*(E1*t-F*tr)*(1-fr1)
A1 = 0.719
= max(5.98, 2*(0.188+0.365)) * (1*0.188-1*0.067)-2*0.365*(1*0.188-1*0.067)*(1-1)
A1e = max(2*dLr-d, 2*(t+tn)) * (Eone*t-F*trE)-2*tn*(Eone*t-F*trE)*(1-frone)
A1e =
= max(5.98, 2*(0.188+0.365)) * (1*0.188-1*0)-2*0.365*(1*0.188-1*0)*(1-1)
A2 = min((tn-trnR)*fr2*Min(5*t,2*L) , (tn-trnR)*fr2*Min(5*tn,2*L))
A2 = 0.291
= min((0.365-0.055)*1*Min(5*0.188,2*4) , (0.365-0.055)*1*Min(5*0.365,2*4))
A2e = min((tn-trnE)*frtwo*Min(5*t,2*L) , (tn-trnE)*frtwo*Min(5*tn,2*L))
A2e =
= min((0.365-0)*1*Min(5*0.188,2*4) , (0.365-0)*1*Min(5*0.365,2*4))
A41 = Leg41^2*frTwo
= 0.25^2*1
A41 = 0.063
Actual Area = 1.072
Acceptable
Actual-Required = 0.398
Tstd =
Swre =
Nact =
Tt =

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25-May-05
Page 14 of 24
Automatic dh - not hillside
Manually enter Limit Diameter
Curved Shell or Head Section

Nozzle

32

UW16(c) <- SavedDesign

www.pveng.com

Standard pipe wall thickness from chart

tr * Pa / P
= 0.067 * 0 / 200.953
Nt * (1-UTp)
= 0.365 * (1-0.125)
0.8/Nth
= 0.8/0

Req. Exterior pressure

UG-45
UG45 =
UG45a =
UB45b =
UG45b1 =
UG45b2 =
UG45b3 =
UG45b4 =

Max(UG45a, UG45b) <= Nact

Max(trn,trnE) + Nca + Tt
Min(UG45b,UG45b4)
0.067285
Max(tr + Sca, Tmin16b + Sca)
Max(Swre + Sca,Tmin + Sca)
Max(UG45b1,UG45b2)
Tstd*0.875 + Nca

= Max(0.055, 0.067) <= 0.319

= Max(0.055,0) + 0 + 0
= Min(0.067, 0.319)
= Max(0.067 + 0, 0.063 + 0)

= Max(0 + 0,0.063 + 0)
= Max(0.067,)
= 0.365*0.875 + 0

Actual Wall Thick.

Ug-31(c)(2) threads

Tstd =
Swre =
Nact =
Tt =

0.365
0.000
0.319
0.000
Acceptable
0.067
0.055
0.067
0.067

UG45 =
UG45a =
UB45b =
UG45b1 =
UG45b2 =
UG45b3 = 0.067
UG45b4 = 0.319

0.046
5.056
0.188
0.365
10.020
1.000
1.000
0.131
1.000

Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
External

0.000

1.121

0.342
0.063
1.526
1.526

28

Nozzle Reinforcement ver 3.81

29

ASME Code VIII Div I 2004 Edition No Addenda

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Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

10" Nozzle C - Actual Area With Limit Radius From App. 1-7 <- Description

25-May-05
Page 15 of 24
Automatic dh - not hillside
Manually enter Limit Diameter
Curved Shell or Head Section

Shell:
SA-240 304 <- Shell Material
18,600 <- Sv, shell allowable stress level, PSI
1.00 <- Eone, efficiency of shell at nozzle
Do
0.188 <- Vt, shell wall thick, uncorroded, UT removed
Nt
0.067 <- tr, required shell wall thickness int. press.(E=1)
0.000 <- trE, required shell wall thickness ext. press.(E=1)
0.063 <- tmin16b, Min allowed wall per UG-16(b)
t
Nozzle:
Leg41
SA-312 TP304 <- Nozzle Material
18,600 <- Sn, allowable stress level (Sn)
1.00 <- E nozzle
Leg41
Shell
201.0 <- P, internal design pressure
0.0 <- Pa, external design pressure
Vt
10.750 <- Do, outside diameter
7.515 <- dLr, Limit radius <= d
0.365 <- Nt, wall thick, uncorroded
UW-16.1 (c)
12.5% <- UTp, undertolerance (%)
4.000 <- L, exterior Projection
Reinforcing:
0.250 <- Leg41, size of weld fillet
1.000 <- F
Variables:
UT = Nt*UTp
= 0.365 * 0.125
Undertolerance
UT =
Rn = Do/2 - (Nt-nca) + UT
= 10.75/2 - (0.365-0) + 0.046
Effective Radius
Rn =
t = Vt-sca
= 0.1875 - 0
Effective Shell Thickness
t=
tn = Nt-nca
= 0.365-0
Avail. Nozzle Thick. No UT
tn =
d = Do-2*tn
= 10.75 - 2*0.365
Opening Dia.
d=
fr1 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1)
= MIN(18600/18600, 1)
fr1 =
fr2 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1)
= MIN(18600/18600, 1)
fr2 =
tcLeg41 = Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,tn,t))
= Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,0.365,0.188))
tc41 =
F = Min(Fenterered, 1)
F=
Area Replacement: Fig UG-37.1
Pressure From: Internal
A = 1.0*d*tr*F + 2*tn*tr*F*(1-frone)
A Required (internal) = 0.674
= 1.0*10.02*0.067*1 + 2*0.365*0.067*1*(1-1)
Ae = 0.5*(d*trE*1 + 2*tn*trE*1*(1-frone)) = 0.5*(10.02*0*1 + 2*0.365*0*1*(1-1))
A Required (external) =
A1 = max(2*dLr-d, 2*(t+tn)) * (E1*t-F*tr)-2*tn*(E1*t-F*tr)*(1-fr1)
A1 = 0.602
= max(5.01, 2*(0.188+0.365)) * (1*0.188-1*0.067)-2*0.365*(1*0.188-1*0.067)*(1-1)
A1e = max(2*dLr-d, 2*(t+tn)) * (Eone*t-F*trE)-2*tn*(Eone*t-F*trE)*(1-frone)
A1e =
= max(5.01, 2*(0.188+0.365)) * (1*0.188-1*0)-2*0.365*(1*0.188-1*0)*(1-1)
A2 = min((tn-trnR)*fr2*Min(5*t,2*L) , (tn-trnR)*fr2*Min(5*tn,2*L))
A2 = 0.291
= min((0.365-0.055)*1*Min(5*0.188,2*4) , (0.365-0.055)*1*Min(5*0.365,2*4))
A2e = min((tn-trnE)*frtwo*Min(5*t,2*L) , (tn-trnE)*frtwo*Min(5*tn,2*L))
A2e =
= min((0.365-0)*1*Min(5*0.188,2*4) , (0.365-0)*1*Min(5*0.365,2*4))
A41 = Leg41^2*frTwo
= 0.25^2*1
A41 = 0.063
Actual Area = 0.955

Nozzle

22

UW16(c) <- SavedDesign

www.pveng.com

0.046
5.056
0.188
0.365
10.020
1.000
1.000
0.131
1.000
External

0.000

0.939

0.342
0.063
1.344

20
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10.750 <- Dn, nozzle outside diameter

Nozzle
0.365 <- tn, nozzle wall
C

29

32

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tn

Fig 1-7-2 Case B

CL
Cylindrical Shell

0.955 <- Aactual, actual area from limit radius by app. 1-7(a)
0.674 <- Arequired, required area

35
36

38

As

201.0 <- P, pressure

18,600 <- Ss, stress limit for shell
18,600 <- Sn, stress limit for nozzle

34

37

Neutral Axis
An

2.000 <- Fw, flange width

1.000 <- tf, flange thickness
5.000 <- Hf, flange standoff

27

31

Fw

26

30

Af

18
19

Rn

Dimensions:
12.750 <- Dv, vessel outside diameter
0.188 <- t, vessel wall

17

Rnm

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15
16

www.pveng.com

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

10" Nozzle App. 1-7 <- Description

Rm

ASME Code VIII Div I 2004 Edition No Addenda

13

Page 16 of 24

25-May-05

Rv

12

Fig 1-7-2 Case B

tf

App 1-7 Nozzle Ver 1.04

Hf

11

Geometry
Rv =
Rn =
Rm =
Rnm =
B=
H=
Hfmax =
=

Dv/2-t
= 12.75/2-0.188
Dn/2-tn
= 10.75/2-0.365
Rv + t/2
= 6.188 + 0.188/2
Rn + tn/2
= 5.01 + 0.365/2
Sqrt(Rm*t)
= Sqrt(6.281*0.188)
Hf
=5
Max(Sqrt(Rnm*tn),16*tn) >= Hf
Acceptable
Max(Sqrt(5.193*0.365),16*0.365) >= 5

Moment of Inertia about Neutral Axis a

Width
Depth
Y
1.085
0.188
0.094
2.000
1.000
4.688
0.365
5.188
2.594
Area = As

Area
0.203
2.000
1.893
4.097

A*Y
0.019
9.375
4.911
14.305

A*Y^2
0.002
43.945
12.738
56.685

Rv =
Rn =
Rm =
Rnm =
B=
H=
Hmax =

Io Depth
0.001
0.167
4.246
4.413

6.188
5.010
6.281
5.193
1.085
5.000
5.840

Shell - As
Flange - Af
Nozzle - An
Total

60
61
62

a = AY/As
I = AYtwo+IoD - Cxx*Ay

= 14.305/4.097
= 56.685+4.413 - 3.492*14.305

a = 3.492
I = 11.149

63
64
65
66

Stress Limts
SmMax = Min(Ss,Sn)
SbMax = 1.5*SmMax

= Min(18600,18600)
= 1.5*18600

SmMax = 18,600
SbMax = 27,900

67
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69
70

Membrane Stress
Sm = P*(Rv*(Rn+tn+B) + Rn*(t+te+H))/As <= SmMax
Sm = 3,235
= 200.953*(6.188*(5.01+0.365+1.085) + 5.01*(0.188+0+5))/4.097 <= 18600 Acceptable

71
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76

Bending Stress
e = a-t/2
= 3.492-0.188/2
M = P*(Rn^3/6 + Rv*Rn*e)
= 200.953*(5.01^3/6 + 6.188*5.01*3.398)
Sb = M*a/I
= 25379*3.492/11.149

e = 3.398
M = 25,379
Sb = 7,948

77
78

Limit = Sb + Sm <= SbMax

= 7948 + 3235 <= 27900

79
80
81
82
83

App. 1-7(a)
Limit radius = Max(0.75*2*Rn, Rn+t+tn)
= Max(0.75*2*5.01, 5.01+0.188+0.365)
Aactual >= (2/3)*Arequired
0.955 >= 0.674*2/3

Limit = 11,183
Acceptable
dLr = 7.515

Acceptable

18

Flanges ver 2.38

25-May-05

www.pveng.com ASME VIII div 1 2004 Edition No Addenda

Page 17 of 24

19

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

10" Flange <- Description

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44

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Dimensions and Conditions:

14.750 <- A - flange OD
10.750 <- B - ID, uncorroded
1.000 <- t, flange thickness
0.365 <- tn, nozzle wall thickness
0.055 <- treq - required nozzle wall
0.000 <- Corr - corrosion allowance
201.0 <- P, internal operating pressure
0.0 <- Pe, external operating pressure
12.125
10.750
1.00
200

<- GOD - gasket OD

<- GID - gasket ID
<- m - gasket factor
<- gy - gasket factor y

13.000
0.625
8.0
0.250
0.365
0.500

<- varC - bolt circle dia

<- BoltOD, bolt size
<- Nbolt, number of bolts
<- Leg1
<- Leg3
<- Setback

Leg3
Leg1

1
3

Material Properties:
SA-240 304 <- Flange Material
18,600 <- Sf - allowable flange stress at DESIGN temp.
20,000 <- Sfa - Allowable Flange Stress at ASSEMBLY temp.
SA-193 B8 Class1 <- Bolting Material
25,000 <- Sb - allowable bolt stress at DESIGN temp
25,000 <- Sba - allowable bolt stress at ASSEMBLY temp
Geometry Constraints:
tx = max(1/4,2*treq)
= max(1/4,2*0.055)
tx =
WeldC = min(0.25,min(tn,tx))
= min(0.25,min(0.365,0.25))
WeldC =
Min Throat = 0.7*WeldC
= 0.7*0.25
mtc =
Throat Leg 1 = 0.7*Leg1 >= mtc
= 0.7*0.25 >= 0.175
Acceptable
tL1 =
Throat Leg 3 = 0.7*Leg3 >= mtc
= 0.7*0.365 >= 0.175
Acceptable
tL3 =
Max Setback = WeldC + 1/4
= 0.25 + 0.25
Acceptable
mSet =
Std nut width across corners
NutG =
Nut Clearance = varC/2-B/2-Leg1-NutG/2 > 0
Nut Clearance =
= 13/2-10.75/2-0.25-1.083/2
Acceptable
Calculated Dimensions:
B = B+2*corr
= 10.75+2*0
Corroded ID
B=
varN = (GOD-GID)/2
= (12.125-10.75)/2
Gasket Width in Contact
varN =
b0 = varN / 2
= 0.688 / 2
gasket seating width
b0 =
varb = min(Sqrt(b0)/2,b0)
= min(Sqrt(0.344)/2,0.344)
eff seating width
varb =
varG = max(GOD-2*varb,(GOD-GID)/2 + GID)
gasket load reaction diameter
varG =
= max(12.125-2*0.293,(12.125-10.75)/2 + 10.75)
Bolt Loads (VIII App 2-5):
H = 0.785*varG^2*P
He = 0.785*varG^2*Pe
HP = 2*varb*3.14*varG*m*P
HD = pi/4 * B^2 * P
HDe = pi/4 * B^2 * Pe
HT = H - HD
HTe = He - Hde
Wm1 = H + HP
Wm2 = pi*varb*varG*gy
Am = max(Wm1/Sb, Wm2/Sa)
Ab = Root*Nbolt
excess = Ab-Am

= 0.785*11.539^2*200.953
end load
= 0.785*11.539^2*0
end load external pressure
= 2*0.293*3.14*11.539*1*200.953

contact load

= pi/4 * 10.75^2 * 200.953

end load
= pi/4 * 10.75^2 * 0
end load external pressure
= 21003 - 18239
face load
=0-0
= 21003 + 4269
bolt load
= pi*0.293*11.539*200
seating load
= max(25272/25000, 2125/25000)

= 0.208*8
5/8-11 UNC 2A
= 1.664-1.011

req bolt area

Acceptable
Excess bolt area

H=
He =
HP =
HD =
HDe =
HT =
HTe =
Wm1 =
Wm2 =
Am =
Ab =
excess =

0.250
0.250
0.175
0.175
0.256
0.500
1.083
0.3335
10.750
0.688
0.344
0.293
11.539

21,003
0
4,269
18,239
0
2,764
0
25,272
2,125
1.011
1.664
0.653

173
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208
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220
240
242
255
260
283
284
302
305
308
309
321
325
328
329
334
336
337
350
351
352

Sample Vessel 5 10" Flange

25-May-05

Flange Loads - lbs - (app 2-5):

W = (Am + Ab)*Sba/2
= (1.011 + 1.664)*25000/2
HG = Wm1 - H
= 25272 - 21003
Flange Moment Arms - inch - (Table App 2-6 - loose flanges):
mhD = (varC-B)/2
= (13-10.75)/2
mhT = (mhD+mhG)/2
= (1.125+0.731)/2
mhG = (varC-varG)/2
= (13-11.539)/2

seating conditions
operating conditions
end pressure
face pressure
gasket load

Flange Moments - inch*lbs - (App 2-6):

MD = HD * mhD
= 18239 * 1.125
end pressure
MT = HT * mhT
= 2764 * 0.928
face pressure
MG = HG * mhG
= 4269 * 0.731
gasket load
Mo1i = MD+MT+MG
= 20519 + 2564 + 3119
total operating
Mo1e = Hde*(mhD-mhG)+Hte*(mhT-mhG)
total operating external pressure
= 0*(1.125-0.731)+0*(0.928-0.731)
Mo1 = Max(Mo1i,Mo1e)
= Max(26202.181,0)
Mo2 = W*(varC-varG)/2
= 33436*(13-11.539)/2
total seating
Graph app 2-7.1 Value of Y
K = A/B
= 14.75/10.75
Y = (1/(K-1))*(0.66845+5.71690*(K^2*Log(K))/(K^2-1))

Figure 2.7-1

Page 18 of 24
W = 33,436
HG = 4,269
mhD = 1.125
mhT = 0.928
mhG = 0.731

MD =
MT =
MG =
Mo1i =
Mo1e =

20,519
2,564
3,119
26,202
0.000

Mo1 = 26,202
Mo2 = 24,430

K = 1.372
Y = 6.299

Flange Seating Stress (app 2-7):

STs = Y*ABS(Mo2) / (t^2*B)
SBs = Wm2 / Ab

= 6.299*ABS(24430) / (1^2*10.75)
= 2125 / 1.664

STs = 14,314
SBs = 1,277

Flange Operating Stress (app 2-7):

STo = y*ABS(Mo1) / (t^2*B)
SBo = Wm1 / Ab

= 6.299*ABS(26202) / (1^2*10.75)
= 25272 / 1.664

STo = 15,353
SBo = 15,187

Allowed Stress (App2-8):

ST <= Sfa or Sf
SB <= Sba or Sb

Seating Allowed
14,314 20,000
1,277 25,000

Operating Allowed
15,353 18,600
15,187 25,000

Tan Flange
Bolting

Acceptable
Acceptable

18

Flanges ver 2.38

25-May-05

www.pveng.com ASME VIII div 1 2004 Edition No Addenda

Page 19 of 24

19

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

Top Shell Flange <- Description

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167
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169

Dimensions and Conditions:

12.750 <- A - flange OD
11.500 <- B - ID, uncorroded
3.000 <- t, flange thickness
1.500 <- h, hub length
0.188 <- g0 - hub thickness
0.625 <- g1 - hub thickness
0.000 <- Corr - corrosion allowance
201.0 <- P, internal operating pressure
0.0 <- Pe, external operating pressure

C
A
GOD
GID

12.395 <- GOD - gasket OD

11.855 <- GID - gasket ID

Bolt Circle Line

20

14.750 <- varC - bolt circle dia

0.750 <- BoltOD, bolt size
6.0 <- Nbolt, number of bolts

Fig. 2-4 (6) Modified

Material Properties:
SA-312 TP304 <- Flange Material
18,600 <- Sf - allowable flange stress at DESIGN temp.
20,000 <- Sfa - Allowable Flange Stress at ASSEMBLY temp.
SA-193 B8 Class1 <- Bolting Material
25,000 <- Sb - allowable bolt stress at DESIGN temp
25,000 <- Sba - allowable bolt stress at ASSEMBLY temp
Std nut width across corners
NutG = 1.299
Calculated Dimensions:
g0 = g0-corr
= 0.188-0
g0 = 0.188
gOne = g1 - corr
= 0.625-0
gOne = 0.625
B = B+2*corr
= 11.5+2*0
Corroded ID
B = 11.500
varR = (varC-B)/2 - gOne
= (14.75-11.5)/2 - 0.625
varR = 1.000
varN = (GOD-GID)/2
= (12.395-11.855)/2
Gasket Width in Contact
varN = 0.270
b0 = varN / 2
= 0.27 / 2
gasket seating width
b0 = 0.135
varb = min(Sqrt(b0)/2,b0)
= min(Sqrt(0.135)/2,0.135)
eff seating width
varb = 0.135
varG = max(GOD-2*varb,(GOD-GID)/2 + GID)
gasket load reaction diameter
varG = 12.125
= max(12.395-2*0.135,(12.395-11.855)/2 + 11.855)
hub = smallh, entered length
hub = 1.500
Bolt Loads (VIII App 2-5):
H = 0.785*varG^2*P
He = 0.785*varG^2*Pe
HP = 2*varb*3.14*varG*m*P
HD = pi/4 * B^2 * P
HDe = pi/4 * B^2 * Pe
HT = H - HD
HTe = He - Hde
Wm1 = H + HP
Wm2 = pi*varb*varG*gy
Am = max(Wm1/Sb, Wm2/Sa)
Ab = Root*Nbolt
excess = Ab-Am

= 0.785*12.125^2*200.953
end load
= 0.785*12.125^2*0
end load external pressure
= 2*0.135*3.14*12.125*0*200.953

= pi/4 * 11.5^2 * 200.953

= pi/4 * 11.5^2 * 0
= 23191 - 20873
=0-0
= 23191 + 0
= pi*0.135*12.125*0

end load
end load external pressure

= max(23191/25000, 0/25000)

= 0.31*6
3/4-10 UNC 2A
= 1.86-0.928

contact load

face load
bolt load
seating load
req bolt area

Acceptable
Excess bolt area

H=
He =
HP =
HD =
HDe =
HT =
HTe =
Wm1 =
Wm2 =
Am =
Ab =
excess =

23,191
0
0
20,873
0
2,319
0
23,191
0
0.928
1.860
0.932

173
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Sample Vessel 5 Top Shell Flange

25-May-05

Flange Loads - lbs - (app 2-5):

W = (Am + Ab)*Sba/2
= (0.928 + 1.86)*25000/2
HG = Wm1 - H
= 23191 - 23191
Flange Moment Arms - inch - (Table App 2-6 - Integral flanges):
mhD = varR+0.5*gOne
= 1+0.5*0.625
mhT = (varR+gOne+mhG)/2
= (1+0.625+1.313)/2
mhG = (varC-varG)/2
= (14.75-12.125)/2

seating conditions
operating conditions
end pressure
face pressure
gasket load

Flange Moments - inch*lbs - (App 2-6):

MD = HD * mhD
= 20873 * 1.313
end pressure
MT = HT * mhT
= 2319 * 1.469
face pressure
MG = HG * mhG
= 0 * 1.313
gasket load
Mo1i = MD+MT+MG
= 27395 + 3406 + 0
total operating
Mo1e = Hde*(mhD-mhG)+Hte*(mhT-mhG)
total operating external pressure
= 0*(1.313-1.313)+0*(1.469-1.313)
Mo1 = Max(Mo1i,Mo1e)
= Max(30801.024,0)
Mo2 = W*(varC-varG)/2
= 34846*(14.75-12.125)/2
total seating
Graphs app 2-7.1-6 Values of F, f, T, U, V, Y and Z
h0 = sqrt(B*g0)
= sqrt(11.5*0.188)
hh0 = hub/h0
= 1.5/1.468
g1g0 = gOne/g0
= 0.625/0.188
F = from figure 2-7.2
V = from figure 2-7.3
smallF = from figure 2-7.6, min=1
actual small f = 0.935
K = A/B
= 12.75/11.5
T = (K^2(1+8.55246Log10K)-1)/((1.04720+1.9448K^2)(K-1))
U = (K^2(1+8.55246Log10K)-1)/(1.36136*(K^2-1)(K-1))
Y = (1/(K-1))*(0.66845+5.71690*(K^2*Log(K))/(K^2-1))
Z = (K^2 + 1)/(K^2-1)
d = (U/V)*h0*g0^2
= (20.648/0.067)*1.468*0.188^2
e = F / h0
= 0.676 / 1.468
L = (t*e + 1)/T + t^3/d
= (3 *0.46 + 1)/1.874 + 3^3/15.896

Figure 2.7-1
Figure 2.7-1
Figure 2.7-1
Figure 2.7-1

Flange Seating Stress (app 2-7):

SHs = smallF*ABS(Mo2) / ( L*gOne^2 * B)
= 1*ABS(45735) / ( 2.969*0.625^2 * 11.5)
SRs = (1.33*t*e +1)*ABS(Mo2) / (L*t^2*B)
= (1.33*3*0.46 +1)*ABS(45735) / (2.969*3^2*11.5)
STs = (y*ABS(Mo2) / (t^2*B)) - Z*SRs
= (18.79*ABS(45735) / (3^2*11.5)) - 9.726*422
SAs = (SHs + Max(SRs, STs))/2
= (3429+Max(422,4197))/2
SBs = Wm2 / Ab
= 0 / 1.86
Flange Operating Stress (app 2-7):
SHo = smallF*Mo1/(L*gOne^2*B)
SRo = (1.33*t*e+1)*Mo1/(L*t^2*B)
STo = y*Mo1/(t^2*B)-Z*SRO
SAo = (SHo+Max(SRo,STo))/2
SBo = Wm1 / Ab
Allowed Stress (App2-8):
SH <= 1.5*(Sf or Sfa)
SR <= Sfa or Sf
ST <= Sfa or Sf
SA <= Sfa or Sf
SB <= Sba or Sb

Seating
3,429
422
4,197
3,813
0

= 1*30801 / ( 2.969*0.625^2 * 11.5)

= (1.33*3*0.46 +1)*30801.024 / (2.969*3^2*11.5)

= 18.79*30801 / (3^2*11.5) - 9.726*284.288

= (2310 + Max(284 , 2827))/2
= 23191 / 1.86
Allowed
30,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
25,000

Operating
2,310
284
2,827
2,568
12,469

Allowed
27,900
18,600
18,600
18,600
25,000

Page 20 of 24
W = 34,846
HG = 0
mhD = 1.313
mhT = 1.469
mhG = 1.313

MD =
MT =
MG =
Mo1i =
Mo1e =

27,395
3,406
0
30,801
0.000

Mo1 = 30,801
Mo2 = 45,735

h0 =
hh0 =
g1g0 =
F=
V=
smallF =
K=
T=
U=
Y=
Z=
d=
e=
L=

1.468
1.022
3.333
0.676
0.067
1.000
1.109
1.874
20.648
18.790
9.726
15.896
0.460
2.969

SHs = 3,429
SRs = 422
STs = 4,197
SAs = 3,813
SBs = 0
SHo =
SRo =
STo =
SAo =
SBo =

2,310
284
2,827
2,568
12,469

Acceptable
Acceptable
Tan Flange Acceptable
Avg Flange Acceptable
Bolting Acceptable
Long Hub

Rad Flange

Swing Bolt and Cover ver 1.5

ASME Code VIII Div I 2004 Edition No Addenda

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Page 21 of 24

www.pveng.com
Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel
Cover Swing Bolts <- Description

25-May-05

Cover
201.0
12.395
12.750
1.000
1.000
14.750
SA-240 304
18,600
Eye Bolt
6
0.750
0.627
0.750
1.500
SA-193 B8 Class1
25,000
Pin
0.750
SA-193 B8 Class1
25,000
Lugs
2.500
1.000
0.375
0.250
SA-240 304
18,600

<- P, design pressure

<- GOd
<- Dc
<- tC
<- wC
<- BCD
<- Cover material
<- CSA, allowable stress
<- n, number of bolts
<- Dia
<- Rdia, thread root dia
<- ID
<- OD
<- Bolt material
<- BSA, allowable stress
<- Pin, diameter
<- Pin material
<- PSA, allowable stress
<- L
<- cH
<- tL
<- F
<- Lug material
<- LSA, allowable stress

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Load - no gasket seating load

Do = BCD-2*cH
Pressure Load = P*Pi*GOd^2/4

= 14.75-2*1
= 200.953*Pi*12.395^2/4

Eye bolts
Actual Area 1 =
Actual Area 2 =
Required Area =
Minimum Area =
Seating Force =
Load per Bolt =

=
=
=
=
=
=

Do = 12.750
pF = 24,248

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41
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44

n*Pi*RDia^2/4
n*2*(OD-ID)*Dia
pF/BSA
Min(Baa,Bab)
Max(Ba*BSA/2,pF)
SF/n

6*Pi*0.627^2/4
6*2*(1.5-0.75)*0.75
24248/25000
Acceptable
Min(1.853,6.75)
Max(1.853*25000/2,24248)
24248/6

Baa =
Bab =
rA =
Ba =
SF =
LpB =

1.853
6.750
0.970
1.853
24,248
4,041

45
46
47
48
49

Pin
Pin Area = Pi*Pin^2/4
Max Sp = 0.8*PSA
Shear = LpB/(2*PA)

= Pi*0.75^2/4
= 0.8*25000
= 4041/(2*0.442)

Acceptable

PA = 0.442
MSp = 20,000
Sp = 4,574

25-May-05

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Lug

Page 22 of 24

Ratio <= 1
Max Shear =
Lug Load =
Lug Shear =
Load Ratio =

Max Bending =
cL =
Moment of Inertia =
Moment =
Bending Load =
Load Ratio =

LSA*0.8
LPB/2
LL/(tL*L)
LS/msL

=
=
=
=

18600*0.8
4041/2
4041/(0.375*2.5)
2155/14880

msL =
LL =
LS =
rLS =

14,880
2,021
2,155
0.145

LSA*1.5
L/2
(tL*L^3)/12
LL*cH
mL*cL/iL
LB/mbL

=
=
=
=
=
=

18600*1.5
2.5/2
(0.375*2.5^3)/12
2021*1
2021*1.25/0.488
5173/27900

mbL =
cL =
iL =
mL =
LB =
rLB =

27,900
1.250
0.488
2021
5,173
0.185

Factored Load = SQRT(rLS^2+rLB^2)

Acceptable

= SQRT(0.145^2+0.185^2)

Ratio = 0.235

=
=
=
=

msW =
Wa =
WS =
rWS =

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Lug Weld - Factored load ratio must be less than 1

Max Shear/Bending = 0.49*min(LSA, PSA)
Weld Area = (L+2*F)*(tl+2*f)-tl*L
Weld Shear = LL/Wa
Load Ratio = WS/msW

0.49*min(18600, 25000)
(2.5+2*0.25)*(0.375+2*0.25)-0.375*2.5

2021/1.688
1197/9114

Moment of Inertia = (tL + 2*F)*(L + 2*F)^3/12 - iL

(0.375 + 2*0.25)*(2.5 + 2*0.25)^3/12 - 0.488
Bending Load = mL*(cL+F)/iW
= 2021*(1.25+0.25)/1.48
Load Ratio = WB/msW
= 2047/9114
Acceptable
Factored Load = SQRT(rWS^2+rWB^2)

= SQRT(0.131^2+0.225^2)

9,114
1.688
1,197
0.131

iW = 1.480
WB = 2,047
rWB = 0.225
Ratio = 0.260

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84
85
86
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88
89
90
91
92
93
94

Cover
Required thickness - Roarks Table 24 Case 10a and 13
Max Bending = 1.5*CSA
= 1.5*18600
Pressure Moment = P*Do^2*3.3/64
= 201*12.75^2*3.3/64
Bolt Unit Moment = SF*cH/(Do*Pi)
= 24248*1/(12.75*Pi)
Total Moment = mC1 + mC2
= 1684 + 605
Req Thick = sqrt(6*mct/mbC)
= sqrt(6*2290/27900)

mbC =
mC1 =
mC2 =
mCt =
tca =

27,900
1,684
605
2,290
0.702

Required thickness - Table UG-34 (j), C = 0.3, W = SF, hG = cH, S = CSA, d=Do, E=1
Req Thick = d*sqrt((0.3*P)/(S*E)+(1.9*W*hG)/(S*E*d^3))
tcb = 0.849
= 12.75*sqrt((0.3*200.953)/(18600*1)+(1.9*24248.063*1)/(18600*1*12.75^3))
Acceptable
Req Thick = Max(tca, tcb)

= Max(0.702, 0.849)

Req Thick = 0.849

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96
97
98
99
100
101

Cover Tabs
cT =
Moment of Inertia =
Moment =
Bending Load =

Bending load <= mBC

tC/2
=
(wC*tC^3*2)/12
=
LpB*(BCD-Dc)/4
=
mT*cT/iT
=

1/2
(1*1^3*2)/12
4041*(14.75-12.75)/4
2021*0.5/0.167
Acceptable

cT =
iT =
mT =
LT =

0.500
0.167
2021
6,062

15

Coupling ver 2.11

UW16.2L

16

ASME Code VIII Div I 2004 Edition No Addenda

www.pveng.com

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Page 23 of 24

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

Coupling E <- Description

22

20

25-May-05

Shell:
SA-240 304
18,600
1.000
0.849
0.000
3.125
201.0
Coupling:
2 inch 3000#
SA-182 F304
17,400
0.2500
0.063
0.000

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44
45
46

COD

<- Shell material

<- Sv, Allowable Stress Level (psi)
<- t, Shell Wall Thick (inch)
<- tMin, Min Required Wall at E=1 (inch)
<- Corr, Corrosion Allowance (inch)
<- D, Shell Opening Diameter (inch)
<- P,design Pressure (psi)

POD
Outside
F1
t

t1

Inside Vessel

<- Coupling
<- Coupling Material
UW-16.2
<- Sn, Allowable Stress Level (Sn)
<- F1, Weld Size
<- tmin16b, Min allowed wall per UG-16(b)
<- Corrc, Coupling Corrosion Allowance (inch)
3.000 <- COD - Coupling OD
2.375 <- POD - Pipe OD
11.500 <- n, Treads Per Inch
0.344 <- pt, Corresponding sch160 Wall Thickness (inch)
0.154 <- tstd, Standard Pipe Wall Thickness (inch)
12.5% <- UT, Under Tolerence (%)

(L)

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Geometry Restrictions UW-16 (f)(3)(a)(1),(2),(3)

t1 = 0.7*F1
UW-16(f)(3)(a)(3)
t1 req = Max(trn,ug45) <= t1
UW-16(f)(3)(a)
POD <= 3.5
UW-16(f)(3)(a)(2)
D <= POD + 0.75

= 0.7*0.25
= Max(0.013,0.135) < 0.175
= 2.375 <= 3.5
= 3.125 <= 2.375 + 0.75

t1 = 0.175
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable

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Required Coupling Wall Thickness UG-44(c), B16.11 - 2.1.1 and UG-31(c)(2)

Ro = POD/2-0.8/n
= 2.375/2-0.8/11.5
tp = (1-UT)*pt-Corrc-0.8/n
= (1-0.125)*0.344-0-0.8/11.5
Min Thick = P*Ro/(Sn*1+0.4*P)
= 201*1.118/(17400*1+0.4*200.9Acceptable

Ro = 1.118
tp = 0.231
trn = 0.013

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88
89

Pressure Weld Stress UW-18(d) - Pressure Load only

UW-16(f)(3)(a)(3)(b)
Load = COD^2*(PI()/4)*P
= 3^2*(PI()/4)*200.953
Load =
Weld Area = pi()*((COD+F1)^2-COD^2)/4
Weld Area =
= pi()*((3+0.25)^2-3^2)/4
Max Stress = Min(Sn,Sv) * 0.55
= Min(17400,18600) * 0.55
Max Stress =
Weld Stress = Load / Area
= 1420 / 1.227
Weld Stress =

90
95
96
97
98
99
100
101

104
105
106
107
108
109

9570
1157
Acceptable

UG-45
Tstd =
Nact =
Tt =
UG45 =
=
UG45a =

102
103

1420
1.227

UB45b =
=
UG45b1 =
=
UG45b4 =

Standard pipe wall thickness from chart

Tstd =
Pt * (1-UT)
Actual Wall Thick.
Nact =
0.8/n
Ug-31(c)(2) threads
Tt =
Max(UG45a, UG45b) <= Nact
UG45 =
Max(0.082, 0.135) <= 0.301
trn + corrc + Tt
UG45a =
0.013 + 0 + 0.07
Min(UG45b1, UG45b4)
UB45b =
Min(0.849, 0.135)
Max(tmin+ CORRC, Tmin16b + CORRC)
UG45b1 =
Max(0.849 + 0, 0.063 + 0)
Tstd*0.875 + corrc
= 0.154*0.875 + 0
UG45b4 =

0.154
0.301
0.070
0.135
Acceptable
0.082
0.135
0.849
0.135

Vessel Weight and Volume

25-May-05

ver. 1.1

Page 24 of 24

www.pveng.com

Sample Vessel 5 <- Vessel

Volume:
1.00 <- Fluid Specific Gravity
0.23 <- Head each (cuft)
1.39 <- Shell (cuft)

Construction:
9 <- Head (ea, lbs)
42 <- Shell
100 <- Misc

0.46
1.39
======
1.85
11.54
13.85
116

2 heads

<- cuft
<- Imp Gallons
<- US Gallons
<- fluid wt

18.8 2 heads
42
100
=======
161 <- lbs

116

161
======
Total
277 lbs