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Dane Wittrup Lecture 19: Oxygen transfer in fermentors This lecture covers: Applications of gas-liquid transport with reaction
X X X X X X critical value D.O. Figure 1. vs dissolved oxygen. D.O. = dissolved oxygen Equilibrium solubility of O2 bubble X X X X
0.01 mM
1 mM
O2
4 cell
1 2 3 Figure 2. Oxygen pathway. 1) 2) 3) 4) Diffusion across stagnate gas film Absorption Stagnate liquid layer (rate-limiting step) Diffusion and convection
Cite as: K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
at equilibrium
3) O2 flux = kl (CO2 CO2 )
*
[=]
What is the value for the interfacial area? Important system parameters: liquid physical properties (surface tension, viscosity) power input/volume (stirring, propeller size) superficial gas velocity
P kl a = constantU s where Us is the superficial gas velocity V length area 1 kl a [ = ] (s-1) = time time volume
U S [ =]
length
P = V volume
const. = 0.002 = 0.2 = 0.7 @ SS, O2 transport = O2 uptake by biomass
time power
(m/s) (W/m3)
kl a (C CO2 ) =
* O2
X
YX O
2
or
dX dt
10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering, Spring 2007 Prof. K. Dane Wittrup
Lecture 19 Page 2 of 4
Cite as: K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
O2 transport in tissues
o o o
r
o
R0
capillary radius Rc
CO2
r* = 1 + r *2 R*2 2 ln * R
where
r * = r R0 , R* = Rc R0 , =
1 VO2 char. rxn rate R2 = 4 CO2 , plasma DO2 char. transport rate
10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering, Spring 2007 Prof. K. Dane Wittrup
Lecture 19 Page 3 of 4
Cite as: K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
decreasing
r*
Figure 4. Dissolved oxygen vs. radius for various values of
decreases.
~50-100
o
O2
necrotic core
Figure 5. Tumor micrometastases.
10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering, Spring 2007 Prof. K. Dane Wittrup
Lecture 19 Page 4 of 4
Cite as: K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].