The Berlin Wall: Rights and Responsibilities in East Germany

Sarah Cope & Chalida Pisuraj Senior Division Group Website

Primary:
Museums: 1.) Jampol, Justinian. An Archive of the Cold War: Facing the Wall in East Germany. 2002.Museum Exhibit. The Wende Museum: An Archive of the Cold War, Culver City, CA. An Archive of the Cold War: Facing the Wall in East Germany, was one of the most valuable sources to our project. The exhibit showed us a variety of ways that rights and responsibilities changed for the society of Eastern Germany. It showed the different ways things were changing leading up to, during, and after The Berlin Wall. From this exhibit we gained, much information, and an abundance of artwork. Interviews: 1.) Nachtweh, Alwin, Political Prisoner. "Historical Witness Project." Interview by Justinian Jampol, Founder of The Wende Museum. Wendemuseum.com. Justinian Jampol, 2010. Web. 29 Dec. 2013. Mr. Nachtweh provided his personal story and experience being held as a political prisoner during the time of the Berlin Wall. He told his story in such a way that made it easy to use for quotations that not only pertained to his personal experience, but the whole topic as well. Mr. Jampol asked him many questions that were a great help to our project as well. 2.)Wende Musuem. "HISTORICAL WITNESS PROJECT - Border Guard." YouTube. YouTube, 13 Aug. 2009. Web. 18 Dec. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yfa83fSlfbY>. One of the Historical Witness Project series' interview is from Major Peter Bochmann is a former platoon leader in the East German Border Guard. He explains how it was like to inspect people as they were making their way across. Additionally, he tells about their technique in differentiate people and their identification.

3.) Wende Musuem. "HISTORICAL WITNESS PROJECT - Stasi Officer." YouTube. YouTube, 13 Aug. 2009. Web. 18 Dec. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhA9hu36xM>. Another of the Historical Witness Project series, Hagen Koch who worked with the East German Ministry for State Security was interviewed. In this interview he explains how it was like to be in charge of painting the white line on the asphalt that marked the East-West border at Checkpoint Charlie which symbolizes the start of the change in rights and responsibilities of the people. Videos: 1.)Wende Musuem. "One Germany: The Other Side of The Wall | Wende Museum." One Germany: The Other Side of The Wall. Wende Museum, 12 July 2013. Web. 18 Dec. 2013.<http://www.wendemuseum.org/participate/one-germany-other-side-wall>. The video in particular provides information about the reunification of East and West Berlin. During the video, it explains pre-reunification stags and differences of each side of Berlin. The narrator listed the many differences and similarities of the East and West's rights and responsibilities. Books: 1.)Schnitzer, Martin. East and West Germany: A Comparative Economic Analysis. New York: Praeger, 1972. Print. The statistic filled book provided graphs and charts that showed the similarities and differences in the economic status of the East and West. Due to the many different changes that were the effects of the Wall, jobs and sales become different. These charts and tables provide an image of how different each side is economically. Artworks: 1.) Agopov, Vladamir V. His Shadow. 1989. Oil on Canvas. The Wende Museum, Culver City, CA. His Shadow depicts the outline of a man and in his shadow on a wall next to him are images of destruction and death. The Artist clearly shows that the harsh times of the wall, and the ruler was paving the way to devastation. Artists like this one felt it was their

responsibility and right to show what they were thinking and feeling through their paintings. 2.) Berezovsky, B. Poultry Farming. 1953. The Wende Museum, Culver City, CA. This propaganda shows the people feel the right to increase the production of poultry farming. Before and during the duration of the wall there was a mass production of propaganda made by the people as well as the government. This is just one of the pieces that shows the people want to take action and try to improve something. 3.) Berlin Wall Segment. 1975. The Wende Museum, Culver City, CA. The segment of the Berlin Wall that we viewed showcased artwork from a well-known "wall painter", Thierry Noir. The west-facing wall was seen as a large blank canvas to many artists who painted on the wall. They felt it was their responsibility to make what is seen as destruction and terror into something more tolerable and beautiful with their art. 4.) Khvontenko, Aleksel. Untitled. 1988. Photographic Collage. The Wende Museum, Culver City, CA. Artists such as this one started doing a new style of artwork with the changing time period and history. The artists felt it was their right to change the type of art they were producing. They wanted to make their art look current for time and the events that were happening around them. 5.) Vandalized Lenin Bust. 1960s. Plaster sculpture. The Wende Museum, Culver City, CA. The large bust of Lenin was a plaster cast and identical to many others as they had been produced, painted a deep brown to appear bronze, and put in public places. This particular bust has been vandalized and painted bright neon colors such as pink and blue. Protesters spray-painted the icon the bright colors to show the pop culture and to show as well that it was their right to protest if they did not support the wall. Photographs: 1.) Keystone/Getty Images. Soviet Communist Leader Joseph Stalin (1950). 2008. Photograph. Soviet Communist Leader Joseph Stalin (1950). N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Web. 27 Dec. 2013. "Soviet Communist leader Joseph Stalin (1950)" is used as an example of how the leader looked like in his section of our website. In the politics page of our site, Stalin is given a

biography introducing how he was involved in the changing of the German's people's rights and responsibilities. 2.) Taylor, Fred. The Berlin Wall: A World Divided, 1961-1989. New York: HarperCollins, 2006. Print. The colorful book provided many pictures that can be used as a primary source into looking at how people lived and how their society was physically changed through a change of their right and responsibility. There are over 30 pictures that are available for usage. Not only so, the book was able to point out the social and physically differences between the two sides of Berlin.

Secondary:
Interviews: 1.) Rank, Christine, Manager of Information Resources at The Wende Museum. Personal interview. 12 Dec. 2013. Our interview with Ms. Rank was an incredibly educational experience. She was very knowledgeable on all of the features in the exhibit. Not only did she show a great passion in explaining the different features, she also answered our questions above and beyond what we had expected. Videos: 1.)Wende Musuem. "The Wall Project." YouTube. YouTube, 26 Apr. 2010. Web. 18 Dec. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4df_jQXdOvY>. This video shows the Wende Museum's collection. The Wall Project explains the rights and reforms the wall created for the people of Berlin. The ten minute video provided an explanation to some of the items in the Wende Museums artifacts. Books: 1.) Ahonen, Pertti. "Chapter 2- The East to the West Clash at Its Peak." Death at the Berlin Wall. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2011. 38-43. Print. Death at the Berlin Wall outlined the conflicts between East and West Germany during the time of the Berlin Wall. It gave many charts to show the differences in economic and political stand points on both sides of the Wall. It also talks about the rising death tolls at the start of the Berlin Wall. 2.) Borneman, John. "Chapter 5- Walled In: August 1961." After the Wall: East Meets West in the New Berlin. [New York, N.Y.]: Basic, 1991. 119-30. Print. After the Wall had an exceptional piece on the way the East and West interacted throughout the times of the Berlin Wall. In clearly explained that responsibilities that East and West Germany both carried before, during, and after the Wall had been put up.

3.)Broadbent, Philip, and Sabine Hake. Berlin Divided City, 1945-1989. New York: Berghahn, 2010. N. pag. Print. Berlin Divided City held many great chapters on how the Wall divided the city in numerous ways. The book especially explained the responsibilities that different people took being separated from their family members. Many personal experiences were recorded and quotes from them were used as an example. 4.) Feiereisen, Florence. "Section 3- East and West: Sounds in the Shadow of the Wall." Germany in the Loud Twentieth Century. New AYork: Oxford UP, 2012. 79. Print. Many examples were in this book from the people who endured in the times of the Wall. The book stated that both sides, in particular the East, took almost no responsibility for the people on the opposite side of the Wall. This book was very helpful to our project, as it gave us much insight on what really happened to the people who attempted to escape. 5.) Major, Patrick. "Chapter 2- East Germany's Dual Crisis:Politics and Economies on the Eve of the Wall." Behind the Berlin Wall: East Germany and the Frontiers of Power. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2010. N. pag. Print. Behind the Berlin Wall gave us many quotes from people who experienced the Berlin Wall first hand and all the responsibilities that they took on. It mainly focused on how the families were expected to fulfill their daily responsibilities. 6.) Merritt, Richard L., and Anna J. Merritt. Living with the Wall: West Berlin, 1961-1985. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1985. Print. The book at hand created an insight look upon the lives and rights of the people on either side of the wall. As each side of the wall, the book was able to provide many different graphs and charts that showcased the people's responsibilities and their jobs that were created because of it. Photographs: 1.) 1000 Deutsch Mark. 2010. Photograph. 1000 Deutsch Mark. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Web. 27 Dec. 2013. "1000 Deutsch Mark" is used as a comparison to the German East Mark. On our economics page, we have a comparison of the two currencies. The change in the money was also a symbolism of the change in the people's rights and responsibilities.

2.) 1000 East Mark. N.d. Photograph. 1000 East Mark. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Web. 27 Dec. 2013. "1000 East Mark" is used as a comparison to the German East Mark. On our economics page, we have a comparison of the two currencies. The change in the money was also a symbolism of the change in the people's rights and responsibilities. 3.) Berlin Borders. N.d. Photograph. Berlin Borders. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Web. 27 Dec. 2013. "Berlin Borders" provides a close up look of the border and the different checkpoints between East and West Berlin. The map has a bright color line to show the boundaries that each side extends. "Berlin Borders" provide a location for the twelve main checkpoints including, Checkpoint Charlie. 4.) The Berlin Wall. 2006. Photograph. The Berlin Wall. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Web. 27 Dec. 2013. "The Berlin Wall" shows the part dividing East from West. The picture simplifies the boundaries that each side of Berlin had. Not only so, with an easy key, the illustration has points where the crossing points were. The physical right and responsibilities are shown in this photo. Lastly, the photograph provides a view of which sector belonged to whom. 5.) Estrafalarius. Berlin Wall near Ostbahnhof. 2008. Photograph. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Web. 27 Dec. 2013. "Berlin Wall near Ostbahnhof" was used as our main header and attraction point of the website. It creates a bright and interesting start to reading about rights and responsibilities. This pop culture piece is one of few Berlin Wall Segments left. Websites: 1.)BBC. "The Berlin Crisis and the Construction of the Berlin Wall." BBC History. BBC, 7 Nov. 2009. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/places/berlin_wall#p00jqq1j>. BBC History has a great video on how the Berlin Wall came to be and the construction of this piece of history and the effects it had on the people as well as the country. The video provides a informative explanation as to why the Wall went up and the first reactions of the people when the Wall had first gone up. 2.) BBC. "The Fall of the Berlin Wall." BBC History. BBC, 9 Jan. 2008. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/places/berlin_wall#p00jqc8j>.

The Fall of the Berlin Wall has a fantastic video and article on how the Berlin Wall finally came to end and the effects it had on the people as well as the country. The video along with the article explain in great detail how the people felt and how the government of the separated country felt when the Wall had fallen. 3.) BBC. "How the Berlin Wall Divided the City." BBC History. BBC, 18 Mar. 2010. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/places/berlin_wall#p00jqcdb>. BBC History has an informative video on how the Berlin Wall geographically split up East and West Germany. The Video does an exceptional job on explaining exactly how the Wall separated the country. This really explains how the wall ran between streets and in the center of roads separating families and friends, so they could no longer see each other. 4.) Center, US Diplomacy. "Voices of U.S. Diplomacy and the Berlin Wall." Germany: East and West Unite. Association of Diplomatic Studies and Training, 2007. Web. 07 Nov. 2013. <http://diplomacy.state.gov/berlinwall/www/exhibitions/germany-east-and-west -unite.html>. United States Diplomacy Center provides a quality exhibit on the Berlin Wall. This exhibit features what East and West Germany were like before, after, and during the duration of the Wall. The site has an especially informational section on East and West Germany uniting after the Berlin Wall had come to an end. 5.) Center, US Diplomacy. "Walling People in and Freedom Out." Walling People In and Freedom Out. Association of Diplomatic Studies and Training, 2007. Web. 07 Nov. 2013. <http://diplomacy.state.gov/berlinwall/www/exhibitions/walling-people-in.html>. The United States Diplomacy Center gives an exceptional exhibit on the Berlin Wall and some of its major consequences. This exhibit features what the opinions of the people were and what was happening to them during the time that the Wall was enforced. The article has a greatly informative section on the many different events and opinions that took place once the wall went up and people had lost their freedom. 6.) Grabianwoski, Ed. "How the Berlin Wall Worked." HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks, Inc, 12 May 2008. Web. 07 Nov. 2013 <http://history.howstuffworks.com/historical -events/berlin-wall4.htm> This website provides a different view of the feelings toward the Wall. Unlike other websites, this focused more on how the people's lives were affected by it. It also provided

information regarding the change of society and lifestyle before and after the creation of the Wall. 7.) The Cold War Museum. "BERLIN TIME LINE: 1945 - 1990." Cold War Museum. The Cold War Museum, n.d. Web. 27 Dec. 2013. The Cold War Museum's "BERLIN TIME LINE: 1945 - 1990," proved to be quite useful for our group. With this website, we are able to use their very educational and direct timeline. The timeline serves to be our very basis of our timeline and maps page. 8.)The History Channel. "Berlin Wall." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2013. Web. 06 Nov. 2013. <http://www.history.com/topics/berlin-wall>. This website contains the basic knowledge about the Berlin Wall. It provided an insight on the back story of the creation of the Berlin Wall, how it separated the people, and the causes of the fall of it. 9.) Rosenberg, Jennifer. "The Rise and Fall of the Berlin Wall." About.com 20th Century History. About.com, 2013. Web. 06 Nov. 2013 <http://history1900s.about.com/od/coldwa1/a/berlinwall.htm>. About.com included many important dates we can use on our timeline. The website has many necessary information regarding the background and history of the Berlin Wall. This website includes the before, during, and after process of the duration of the Berlin Wall. 10.) Taylor, Frederick. "The Berlin Wall: A Secret History." History Today. HistoryToday Magazine, 2007. Web. 086 Nov. 2013 <http://www.historytoday.com/frederick -taylor/berlin-wall-secret-history>. This website and magazine article provides numerous dates that were important to the Berlin Wall. This article has a lot of history that backs up the Berlin Wall and its creation. Not only so, the website has a very long and detailed timeline we are able to use as well. 11.) Trex, Ethan. "8 Creative Ways People Went Over the Berlin Wall." Mental Floss. Mental Floss, 2012. Web. 06 Nov. 2013.<http://mentalfloss.com/article/28517/8-creative-ways -people-went-over-berlin-wall>. This website has many interesting facts that show the different ways people crossed the Wall. It has information that really showed the people's view and hatred of the Wall. Not only so, the information can be used as a creative factor.

12.) Dzhezyan, Dikran. "Berlin Wall - The Cold War : U.S. Rights and Responsibilities." The Cold War:U.S. Rights and Responsibilities. Weebly.com, 2012. Web. 18 Dec. 2013. <http://coldwarrightsandresponsibilities.weebly.com/berlin-wall.html>. Through this site, a different view of how the Berlin Wall was affect people's rights and responsibility. This site shows an international view of the wall instead of limiting it to the viewpoints of those who were purely just anti or pro wall.