sh b!

eighteen / 18
nin grain / harvest (old) / variant of / [nian2]
qin front / forward / ahead / ago / before / first / former / formerly /
future / BC (e.g. / 293 / )
zh" (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... / (after a noun)
person involved in ... / -er / -ist / (used after a number or / | /
[hou4] or / [qian2] to refer to sth mentioned previously) / (used
after a term, to mark a pause before defin
bng variant of / | / [bing4]
wn language / culture / writing / formal / literary / gentle / (old)
classifier for coins / Kangxi radical 118
yu moon / month / CL: / | / [ge4], / | / [lun2]
s color / CL: / | / [zhong3] / look / appearance / sex
j# see / / | / / [jie2 ju1]
m$ see } / U / | / U / , morphine
w%i same as / in / / winding, curved
m& rice / CL: / [li4] / meter (classifier)
Q na (particle equivalent to / after noun ending in -n)
zu variant of / [zui4], crime
gui variant of / [guai4]
sh! granule / hoarse / raspy / sand / powder / CL: / [li4] / abbr.
for Tsar or Tsarist Russia
lu house with more than 1 story / storied building / floor / CL: /
| / [ceng2], / [zuo4], / | / [dong4]
ya (particle equivalent to / after a vowel, expressing surprise or
doubt)
yn riverside (often with / | / erhua)
la sentence-final particle, contraction of / / , indicating
exclamation / particle placed after each item in a list of examples
xi!n variant of / [xian1]
zh# bead / pearl / CL: / [li4], / | / [ke1]
qi!ng see / / | / / [qiang1 feng1]
c# remote / distant / variant of / [cu1]
b see / / [bo4 he5]
mi medium / intermediary / matchmaker / go-between / abbr. for
/ / | / / [mei2 ti3], media, esp. news media
z' see / / [zi1 jian1]
pi to accompany / to keep sb company / to assist / old variant of
/ | / [pei2]
Y!n Yan, a vassal state of Zhou in modern Hebei and Liaoning /
north Hebei / the four Yan kingdoms of the Sixteen Kingdoms,
namely: Former Yan / / (337-370), Later Yan / / | / /
(384-409), Southern Yan / / (39
du bean / pea / CL:| / [ke1], / [li4] / sacrificial vessel
lng (onom.) ting-a-ling (in compounds such as / / or / /
| / / ) / tinkling of gem-pendants
! variant of / [a1]
li (modal final particle similar to [ / [ne5] or / [la5])
t!i fetus / litter / tire / abbr. of / / | /
jun old variant of / [juan4]
wa replaces / [a5] when following the vowel "u" or "ao"
mi see / / | / / [mei4 r5], riddle
zhu!ng variant of / | / [zhuang1]
x' (particle in old Chinese similar to / )
di!n mentally deranged / crazy
ne final particle of a sentence (abbr. for [ / / |[ / / [ne5 a5)
na sentence-final particle (abbr. for [ / / [ne5 a5] or variant of
Q / [na5])
t variant of / [ti2]
hun illness / numbness of the limbs
ni$o variant of / | / [niao3]
ch! (onom.) snap / pop / see / / [ka1 cha1]
yo medicine / drug / cure / CL: / | / [zhong3], / [fu4], /
[wei4]
mi$o to despise / small / variant of / [miao3]
ln to trample down / to oppress / to overrun / see / / | / /
[rou2 lin4]
li scabies / skin disease
p' child's buttocks (esp. Cantonese) / see / / | / / ,
(onom.) for crack, slap, clap, clatter etc
ni variant of / | / [nie4] / to gnaw
l!ng (onom.) bang / clank / see / / , clatter
Y surname Yi / name of legendary archer / also written / /
[Hou4 Yi4]
ku!ng (onom.) clang / see / / , clatter
variant of / , interjection expressing doubt or requiring answer
/ Eh? / what? / to show realization / to stress
qing variant of / | / [qiang2]
f# see / / furan or / / / / furacilinum
xin abbr. for / / / | / / / [Xian4 shou3 shan1] / Mt
Xianshou in Hubei / steep hill / used in place names
b( see / / , porphyrin / see / / , porphin
ch beautiful / see J / / / / | / / / / [cha4 zi3
yan1 hong2]
dn variant of / [dan4]
n!o see / / | / / [nao1 zhong3]
ln see / / , porphyrin
b! see / / | / / [ba1 yu2]
ku see / / [kui2 lin2]
sh see / / | / / [shi2 luo2]
b& variant of / [bi3]
shu matchmaker / see / / [mei2 shuo4]
h see / / | / / [he2 le5]
g c# variant of / [cu1]
le see / / | / / [he2 le5]
c word / statement / speech / lyrics / CL: / | / [zu3], / | /
[ge4] / classical Chinese poem / CL: / [shou3]
yn salt / CL: / [li4]
hu see / / | / / [hui4 hui4]
d see / / | / / [di2 lun2]
c# variant of / [cu1]
ni variant of / | / [nie4]
sh' poem / CL: / [shou3] / poetry / verse
y$ mute, incapable of speech / same as / | / [ya3]
bng variant of / | / [bing4]
yn see p / / | / / [yun2 dang1]
ci see / / [cui4 cai4]
Hn Han, one of the Seven Hero States of the Warring States /
/ / / | / / / / Korea from the fall of the Joseon
dynasty in 1897 / Korea, esp. South Korea / / / / | / /

lin chain / cable length (= 1 / 10 of a nautical mile, or 185.2 m)
tng copper (chemistry) / see also / / | / / [hong2 tong2]
/ CL: / | / [kuai4]
zhu old variant of / [zhou4]
zhu!ng variant of / | / [zhuang1]
ln old variant of / | / [lan2] / brocade
nin sheatfish (Parasilurus asotus) / oriental catfish / see also /
| / [nian2]
chui see / / [nang1 chuai4]
hung [FR] Charbon (maladie)
d!ng see p / / | / / [yun2 dang1]
b see / / | / / [bu4 zi5]
nin grain / harvest (old) / variant of / [nian2]
| xi!n shovel / variant of / | / [xian1]
sh see / / | / / [shu4 bi3]
ju "vertical stroke with hook" radical in Chinese characters
(Kangxi radical 6) / see also / / | / / [shu4 gou1]
f%ng old variant of / | / [feng1]
q he (Cantonese) / Mandarin equivalent: / [ta1]
t!n he / she / (courteous, as opposed to / [ta1])
wi variant of / |@ / [wei4]
xi!n variant of / , immortal / light (as a feather)
{ bng variant of / | / [bing4]
xi!n variant of / , immortal
r Japanese variant of / |
d!o "knife" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 18) / see
also / / / [li4 dao1 pang2] / see also / / / | / / /
[ce4 dao1 pang2]
j variant of / | / merit / accomplishment
l zo variant of / or lu / z / o / / , to make trouble
q& variant of / | / [qi3]
zh" particle used for interjection (Cantonese) / see also / /
[zhe3 li1]
l"i Japanese variant of / |
ji$ng Japanese variant of / | / [jiang3]
ji$ng variant of / | / [jiang3]
di Japanese variant of / |
x' obscure variant of / Achyranthes bidentata, a root used in
Chinese medicine, equivalent to /
j Japanese variant of / |
y'ng Japanese variant of / | / [ying1]
xin variant of / | / , epilepsy
xin variant of / | / [xian4]
c$o grass radical / / / / | / / / / [cao3 zi4 tou2
r5]
ni$o variant of / | / [niao3]
chng (old) variant of / [chang4] / to sing
shn archaic variant of / [shan4]
# zu variant of / , crime
li Japanese variant of / |
c!n variant of / [can1]
k#n variant of / | / , large bird, possibly related to crane or
swan (archaic) / mythical monstrous bird, cf Sinbad's roc
t!n see / / | / / [tan1 tan1]
ch$n see / / | / / [chan3 chan3] / see / / | / /
[chan3 huan3]
lu) see / / | / / [luo1 suo5]
) bng variant of / | / [bing4] / variant of / | / [bing4]
gui variant of / [guai4]
cu five-color silk / see / / [cui4 cai4]
w$ to grab / see / / / | / / / [wa3 mo2 r5]
j sh technology / technique / skill / CL: / | / [men2], / | /
[zhong3], / | / [xiang4]
Shng h$i Shanghai municipality, central east China, abbr. to
/ | / [Hu4]
qng kung circumstances / state of affairs / situation / CL: /
| / [ge4], / | / [zhong3]
3 gu!n x variant of / / |3 / / [guan1 xi4]
3 gu!n xi variant of / / |3 / / [guan1 xi5]
wn hu culture / civilization / cultural / CL: / | / [ge4], / |
/ [zhong3]
y( yn language / CL: / | / [men2], / | / [zhong3]
b$o h to protect / to defend / to safeguard / protection / CL: /
| / [zhong3]
ci lio material / data / makings / stuff / CL: / | / [ge4], /
| / [zhong3]
k% xu science / scientific knowledge / scientific / CL: / | /
[men2], / | / [ge4], / | / [zhong3]
g$i g reform / CL: / [ci4], / | / [zhong3], / | / [xiang4] /
to reform
Hn gu South Korea (Republic of Korea) / Han, one of the
Seven Hero States of the Warring States / / / / | / /
/ / [zhan4 guo2 qi1 xiong2] / Korea from the fall of the Joseon
dynasty in 1897
sh p&n foodstuff / food / provisions / CL: / | / [zhong3]
xi$ng shu to enjoy / to live it up / pleasure / CL: / | /
[zhong3]
g$n qng feeling / emotion / sensation / likes and dislikes / deep
affection for sb or sth / relationship (i.e. love affair) / CL: / | /
[ge4], / | / [zhong3]
| yng gu!ng sunshine / CL: / | / [xian4] / transparent (open
to public scrutiny)
xin xing appearance / phenomenon / CL: / | / [ge4], /
| / [zhong3]
wn xu literature / CL: / | / [zhong3]
Chng qng Chongqing city (Chungking), formerly in Sichuan
province, a municipality since 1997, short name / [Yu2]
w( q weapon / arms / CL: / | / [zhong3]
Q p f# skin / CL: / | / [ceng2], / | / [kuai4]
bi j&ng background / backdrop / context / CL: / | / [zhong3]
zh*ng zi seed / CL: / | / [ke1], / [li4]
do d virtue / morality / ethics / CL: / | / [zhong3]
j'n sh( metal / CL: / | / [zhong3]
qng x mood / state of mind / moodiness / CL: / | / [zhong3]
Yn nn Yunnan province in southwest China, bordering on
Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar, abbr. / [dian1] or / | / , capital
Kunming /
sh w food / CL: / | / [zhong3]
s lio plastics / CL: / | / [zhong3]
Sh!n x' Shanxi province (Shansi) in north China between Hebei
and Shaanxi, abbr. / capital Taiyuan /
) yng y$ng nutrition / nourishment / CL: / | / [zhong3]
zh w botanical / plant / vegetation / CL: / | / [zhong3]
c$i s color / multi-colored / CL: / | / [zhong3]
sh# ci vegetables / produce / CL: / | / [zhong3]
m"i sh art / fine arts / painting / CL: / | / [zhong3]
l m& centimeter / also written /
ling shi foodstuff / cereals / CL: / | / [zhong3]
y m& corn / maize / CL: / [li4]
q hu climate / atmosphere / situation / CL: / | / [zhong3]
Zh)ng yo (traditional) Chinese medicine / CL: / [fu4], / | /
[zhong3]
xi!n wi fiber / CL: / | / [zhong3]
png m& square meter / short for / /
ku$n sh pattern / style / design / CL: / | / [zhong3]
k% hun science fiction / abbr. for / / / / | / / /
/ [ke1 xue2 huan4 xiang3]
sh' g% poem / CL: / [ben3], / [shou3], / [duan4]
q& t to attempt / to try / attempt / CL: / | / [zhong3]
Zhng Xi CPPCC (Chinese People's Political Consultative
Conference) / abbr. of / / / / / / / / / / | /
/ / / / / / / / / [Zhong1 guo2 Ren2 min2 Z
ch y tea / tea-leaves / CL: / [he2], / [guan4], / [bao1],
/ [pian4]
xi$o mi wheat / CL: / [li4]
z& dn bullet / CL: / [li4], / | / [ke1], / | / [fa1]
zh)ng zhu!n vocational secondary school / technical secondary
school / trade school / abbr. for / / / / / / | / / /
/ /
wi y' only / sole / variant of / / [wei2 yi1]
mng yu bright moon / refers to / / / , a legendary pearl
that can glow in the dark / CL: / | / [lun2]
gn m see / / | / / [gan4 ma2]
d zui to offend somebody / to make a faux pas / a faux pas /
see also / / [de2 zui4]
d zu to commit an offense / to violate the law / excuse me!
(formal) / see also / / [de2 zui5]
] w$n fn evening meal / dinner / supper / CL: / [fen4], / | /
[dun4], / [ci4], / [can1]
d tng the Tang dynasty (618-907)
k% p( popular science / popularization of science / abbr. of /
/ / / | / / /
hu! r style of folk song popular in Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia /
CL: / [shou3]
ch)u xing abstract / abstraction / CL: / | / [zhong3]
D wi David (name) / Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825),
French neoclassical painter
yu q' oil paints / lacquer / to paint / CL: / | / [ceng2]
hu! sh%ng peanut / groundnut / CL: / [li4]
b m membrane / film / CL: / | / [ceng2]
nng su) to concentrate (a liquid) / concentration / espresso
coffee / abbr. for / / / / / U / | / / / / / U
zh"ng xng shaping / reshaping / plastic surgery or orthopedics
(abbr. of / / / / [zheng3 xing2 wai4 ke1])
s!n nng see / / / / | / / / / [san1 nong2
wen4 ti2]
l& k% the sciences (as opposed to the humanities / / [wen2
ke1])
tng gu* candy / CL: / [li4]
b$i k% universal / encyclopedic / abbr. for / / / / | /
/ / / [bai3 ke1 quan2 shu1]
G)ng hng ICBC (Industrial and Commercial Bank of China) /
abbr. for / / / / | / / / / [Gong1 Shang1 Yin2
hang2]
w( fn lunch / CL: / [fen4], / | / [dun4], / [ci4], / [can1]
c di magnetic tape / CL: / | / [pan2], / [he2]
wi y*u variant of / / [wei2 you3]
Tng cho Tang dynasty (618-907)
Tng di Tang dynasty (618-907)
x y( fine rain / drizzle / poem by Tang poet Li Shangyin / /
/ | / /
mn g% folk song / CL: / [zhi1], / [shou3]
Hn chng Hanseong, old name of Seoul as traditional capital
of Korea and capital of South Korea / adopted new Chinese spelling
/ / | / / [Shou3 er3] in 2005
z$o fn breakfast / CL: / [fen4], / | / [dun4], / [ci4], /
[can1]
jn r erhua variant of / | / [jin4]
hu* chi match (for lighting fire) / CL: / [gen1], / [he2]
] k!i yun to expand one's financial resources / abbr. for / /
/ / |] / / / / [kai1 fang4 yuan2 ma3]
sh! zi sand / grit / CL: / [li4], / [ba3]
zh# zi bead / CL: / [li4], / | / [ke1]
h x# beard / CL: / [gen1], / | / [liu3]
ch# f$ng to travel on business / to visit (a foreign country) /
same as / / / / | / / / / [wai4 chu1 fang3 wen4]
N n Nana (name) / Nana (1880 novel by / mile Zola) / Nana
(Japanese manga series)
t j&ng SWAT (Special Weapons And Tactics) / riot police / abbr.
for / / / / | / / /
xi!n f! initial / arising first / same as / / / / | / /
/
J n$i lo cheese / CL: / | / [kuai4], / [he2], / [pian4]
q Li nng Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1870-1924), Russian
revolutionary leader
C X& Empress Dowager Cixi or Ts'u Hsi (reigned 1861-1908)
Ln k"n Lincoln (name) / Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), US
president 1861-1865 / Lincoln, US car make
pi!o f to float / to hover / also written /
pi$o mi$o see / / | / / [piao1 miao3]
Gu!ng x reign name of penultimate Qing emperor Guangxu or
Guang-hsu (1875-1908)
qin mn front door / main entrance / honest and upright
approach (as opposed to / / | / / , back-door or under the
counter)
yo wn pill / CL: / [li4]
W( di Five Dynasties (in different contexts, from mythology
through to Han and the interregnum between Han and Tang) / the
five dynasties forming the interregnum between Tang and Song (936-
947), namely: Later Liang / / | / / [Hou4 Liang2]
n chng nichang, rainbow colored clothes worn by the eight
immortals / / [Ba1 Xian1]
zhu!ng jia farm crop / CL: / | / [zhong3]
G!o l Korean Goryeo / / dynasty, 918-1392 / Korea, esp.
in context of art and culture
gn m see / / | / / [gan4 ma2]
wi k*ng for fear that / lest / also written /
Ji! sh! Gaza / same as / / / / | / / / / [Jia1
sha1 di4 dai4], the Gaza strip
lng y$n longan fruit / dragon eye fruit / Dimocarpus longan
(botany) / CL: / [li4]
Do gu!ng reign name of Qing emperor (1821-1850)
Tng Sng the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties
Su Tng Sui (581-617) and Tang dynasties (618-907)
ch# lng just out of the steamer basket / / | / / to
appear (of products, publications, sometimes derog., "lots of shoddy
material is appearing nowadays")
b'ng bo hail / hailstone / CL: / | / [chang2], / [li4]
Ti z)ng posthumous name given to second emperor of a
dynasty / King Taejong of Joseon Korea (1367-1422), reigned 1400-
1418
k! ch! (onom.) breaking or snapping / cut it out / stop it
(colloquial) / also written / / [ka1 cha1]
G!o s' Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), German
mathematician / Gauss, unit of magnetic induction
X'n j#n New Armies (modernized Qing armies, trained and
equipped according to Western standards, founded after Japan's
victory in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895)
qng sh!ng emotional quotient (EQ) / emotional IQ / abbr. for
/ / / / | / / / / [qing2 xu4 shang1 shu4]
du) tng polysaccharide (complex carbohydrate such as starch
/ / | / / and cellulose / / / | / / / )
Zh# D Zhu De (1886-1976), communist leader and founder of
the People's Liberation Army
K$ mn Carmen (name) / Carmen, 1875 opera by Georges
Bizet / / based on novel by Proper M / rim / e / / /
[Mei2 li3 mei3]
wi chng minor (i.e. person under 18) / incomplete /
unachieved / failed / abortive
Wi d Wade (name) / Sir Thomas Francis Wade (1818-1895),
sinologist / / / | / / / [Wei1 Tuo3 ma3]
zh)ng q'ng China Youth (official newspaper) / abbr. for / /
/ /
d t'ng disco / night club / abbr. for / / / / | / / /

Lu s Russell (name) / Bertrand Arthur William, 3rd Earl
Russell (1872-1970), British logician, rationalist philosopher and
pacifist
q& hng (of a ship) to set sail / (of an aeroplane) to take off / also
written / / | / / [qi3 hang2]
t*ng zhn united front (abbr. for / / / / | / / /
/ ) / consolidation
K!ng d Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), German philosopher
Mng zh Meiji (Japanese reign name 1868-1912)
hung yu butter / CL: / [he2]
Xi!ng j#n Hunan army, irregular force formed in 1850s to fight
the Taiping heavenly kingdom rebellion
Y( gu* Hugo (name) / Victor Hugo (1802-1885), French writer
D yn Mandate of Heaven / the Grand Canal, 1800 km from
Beijing to Hangzhou, built starting from 486 BC / usually written /
/ / | / / / [Da4 Yun4 he2]
r$n zh& to dip a finger (idiom) / fig. to get one's finger in the pie /
to get a share of the action / abbr. for / / / / | / / /

N c$i Friedrich Nietzsche (1846-1900), German philosopher
Nu:3 zh%n Jurchen, a Tungus ethnic group, predecessor of the
Manchu ethnic group who founded the Later Jin Dynasty / / | /
/ [Hou4 Jin1] and Qing Dynasty
G% d Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), German poet
and dramatist
Ji! qng Jiaqing, reign name of Qing emperor (1796-1820)
f sh non-staple food / CL: / | / [zhong3]
w x# thirty-fifth year E11 of the 60 year cycle, e.g. 1958 or
2018
G!o z)ng Gaozong Emperor, Temple name of the tenth Song
Emperor Zhao Gou / / | / / [Zhao4 Gou4] (1107-1187 AD),
reigned (1127-1162 AD)
Tng zh reign name of Qing emperor (1861-1875)
z# ji settlement / international settlement in many Chinese
cities established under unequal treaties from 1860
pi!o b to drift / to lead a wandering existence / also written /

chng zh' orange juice / CL: / [ping2], / [bei1], / [guan4],
/ [he2]
t sh*u chief executive of Special Administrative Region (Hong
Kong or Macao) / abbr. for / / / / / / / / / /
| / p / / / / / / / /
k% k$o preliminary round of imperial examinations / abbr. for /
/ / / | / / / / [ke1 xue2 kao3 cha2], scientific
exploration
H Lng He Long (1896-1969), important communist military
leader, died from persecution during the Cultural Revolution
b! q Eight Banners, military organization of Manchu later Jin
dynasty / / | / / [Hou4 Jin1] from c. 1600, subsequently of
the Qing dynasty
ti!n g!n the 10 heavenly stems / [jia3], / [yi3], / [bing3],
/ [ding1], / [wu4], / [ji3], / [geng1], / [xin1], / [ren2],
/ [gui3], used cyclically in the calendar and as ordinal numbers I, II etc

L& Yu!n Li Yuan, personal name of first Tang emperor Gaozu
/ / / [Tang2 Gao1 zu3] (566-635), reigned 618-626
Mo Dn Mao Dun (1896-1981), Chinese novelist
g%ng z& thirty seventh year G1 of the 60 year cycle, e.g. 1960 or
2020 / cf / / / / | / / / / , the crisis year of 1900
involving the Boxer uprising and the eight nation military invasion
hu b to favor one and discriminate against the other (abbr. for
/ / / / [hou4 ci3 bo2 bi3])
Ln h Linhe district of Bayan Nur city / / / / / | /
/ / / / [Ba1 yan4 nao4 er3 shi4], Inner Mongolia
W%n w$ng Wimbledon lawn tennis championship / abbr. for /
/ / / / / / / / | / / / / / / / ] /

jn y!n prohibition on opium (esp. from 18th- early 20th century)
/ smoking ban / No Smoking! (usual sign in Japan)
w( y'n five notes of pentatonic scale, roughly do, re, mi, sol, la /
five initial consonants of Chinese phonetics, namely: / / , /
/ , / / , / / | / / , /
D)ng t# abbr. for / / / / / / / / / | / /
/ / / / / / / East Turkestan liberation organization
ETLO, Chinese dissident group
xun xu Wei and Jin philosophical school amalgamating Daoist
and Confucian ideals / translation of metaphysics (also translated /
/ / / | / / / / )
y' d abbr. for / / / / | / / / / [yi1 ke1 da4
xue2], university of medicine
j'n d*u to tumble / somersault / a complete turn-around / a 180
degrees turn / fig. a change of mind
M$ h Mach (name) / Ernst Mach (1838-1916), German
physicist / Mach (aeronautics), unit of speed based on speed of
sound = 1 Mach = 1224 km per hr
zh"ng f%ng Rectification or Rectifying incorrect work styles,
Maoist slogan / cf Rectification campaign / / / / | / /
/ / , army purge of 1942-44 and anti-rightist purge of 1957
pi!o li rafting / to float on the current / also written / /
[piao1 liu2]
gu ch& national humiliation, refers to Japanese incursions into
China in the 1930s and 40s, and more especially to Mukden railway
incident of 18th September 1931 / / / / / | / / /
/ / and subsequent Jap
] shu!ng k!i double expulsion (from the party and from
administrative post, as a punishment for corruption) / abbr. for /
/ / / , / / / / |] / / / / , / / ] /
sh( xing colloquial term for / / [sheng1 xiao4] the animals
associated with the years of a 12-year cycle
H z' Hertz (name) / Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894), German
physicist and meteorologist, pioneer of electromagnetic radiation /
Herz (Hz) or cycles per second, unit of frequency
) Hung X'ng Huang Xing (1874-1916), revolutionary politician,
close collaborator of Sun Yat-sen, prominent in the 1911 Xinhai
Revolution / / / / [Xin1 hai4 Ge2 ming4], murdered in
Shanghai in 1916
Sh z)ng Sejong the Great or Sejong Daewang (1397-1450),
reigned 1418-1450 as fourth king of Joseon or Chosun dynasty, in
whose reign the hangeul alphabet was invented
Co P' Cao Pi (187-226), second son of Cao Cao / / , king
then emperor of Cao Wei / / from 220, ruled as Emperor Wen
/ / / , also a noted calligrapher
D li the Dalai Lama / abbr. of / / / / | / / /
/ [Da2 lai4 La3 ma5]
nin zh# prayer beads / CL: / [chuan4]
Y!n gu Yan, a vassal state of Zhou in modern Hebei and
Liaoning / north Hebei / the four Yan kingdoms of the Sixteen
Kingdoms, namely: Former Yan / / (337-370), Later Yan /
/ | / / (384-409), Southern Yan / / (39
H! b Hubble (name) / Edwin Hubble (1889-1953), US
astronomer
su* n suona, Chinese shawm (oboe), used in festivals and
processions or for military purposes / also written / / | / /
also called / / [la3 ba5]
Zh!ng Ju Zhang Jue (-184), leader of the Yellow turban rebels
during the late Han
{ qin sh Gorgon fruit / Semen euryales (botany) / see also /
/ / | / / / [ji1 tou2 mi3]
dn zi slingshot pellet / playing marbles / billiards / CL: /
[li4], / | / [ke1]
H d Hart or Herd (name) / Robert Hart (1835-1911),
Englishman who served 1863-1911 in Qing dynasty customs office
F$ ji! Legalist School of the Warring States Period (475-221
BC) founded by Han Fei / / | / / [Han2 Fei1] and Li Si /
/ [Li3 Si1], later adopted by Shang Yang / / [Shang1 Yang1]
whose reforms helped establish the su
yn cng variant of / / | / / [yan2 ceng2] / rock strata
M$ l Mahler (name) / Gustav Mahler (1860-1911), Austrian
composer
p' p! see / / [pi1 pa1]
hun f$ Tour de France cycle race / abbr. for / / / /
/ / | / / / / /
M"i Lng Mei Ling (girl's name) / Zhou Meiling / / /
(1969-), Taiwanese gay film director
gn xio school for cadres / May 7 Cadre School / / /
/ | / / /
H$i dn Haydn (name) / Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809),
Austrian classical composer
f%ng c$i variant of / / | / / [feng1 cai3]
Tin Hn Tian Han (1898-1968), author of the words of the
PRC national anthem March of the Volunteer Army / / / /
/ / | / / / / /
Li Y Liu Yi (-285), famous incorruptible official of Western Jin
dynasty the Western Jin dynasty / / | / / [Xi1 Jin4] (265-
316) / Liu Yi (-412), general of Eastern Jin dynasty / / | / /
[Dong1 Jin4] (317-420)
Y T&ng Ye Ting (1896-1946), communist military leader
sh z land-owning class, esp. during Wei, Jin and North-South
dynasties / / / / / | / / / /
Li z& Lie Zi, Daoist author, said to be early Warring States
period / / | / / Daoist text in eight chapters, said to be by Lie
Zi, probably compiled during WeiJin times / / | / / (3rd
century AD)
Y'n x# Yinxu, ruins of Yinshang / / city at Anyang / /
| / | / in Henan province, a World Heritage site
b! du croton (Croton tiglium), evergreen bush of
Euphorbiaceae family / / / [da4 ji3 ke1] / croton seed, a
strong purgative
f%ng g)ng brilliant (exploit) / great (achievement) / esp. / /
/ / | / / / / , glorious achievement
M ni Claude Monet (1840-1926), French impressionist painter

B$i j Paekche or Baekje (18 BC-660 AD), one of the Korean
Three Kingdoms
Xi f%i Joseph Joffre (1852-1931), leading French general at the
start of World War One
K!ng Sh%ng Kang Sheng (1896-1975), Chinese communist
leader, a politburo member during the Cultural Revolution and
posthumously blamed for some of its excesses
Shu!ng jing Shuangjiang or Frost Descends, 18th of the 24
solar terms / / / / / | / / / / / 23rd October-
6th November
Zu* l! Zola (name) / / mile Zola (1840-1902), French naturalist
novelist
K#n j see / / | / / [Kun1 qu3]
A1 Mng Alxa League, a prefecture level subdivision of Inner
Mongolia / abbr. for / / / / [A1 la1 shan4 Meng2]
\ Yn F Yan Fu (1853-1921), influential Chinese writer and
translator of Western books, esp. on social sciences
D)ng zh)u Dongzhou district of Fushun city / / / | /
/ / , Liaoning
qi# j&n Qiu Jin (1875-1907), famous female martyr of the anti-
Qing revolution, the subject of several books and films
L& H LiHe (790-816), Tang poet and author of / g / / /

Ci Cai E (1882-1916), originator of the National protection
army of 1915
Gu$ng y$ earliest extant Chinese encyclopedia from Wei of the
Three Kingdoms, 3rd century, modeled on Erya / / | / / [Er3
ya3], 18150 entries
X l Schiller (name) / Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller or
Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805), German poet and dramatist
Sh L Shi Le, founder of Later Zhao of the Sixteen Kingdoms
/ / | / / (319-350)
Rng g Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), Swiss psychiatrist
ch du see / / | / / [hong2 dou4]
b!o m& variant of / / [bao1 mi3]
B! ji" Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) / abbr. for /
/ / / / / / / | / / / / / / / / [Ba1 le4
si1 tan3 Jie3 fang4 Zu3 zhi1]
K ln Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736-1806), French
physicist / Coulomb (unit of charge)
h di cassette tape / abbr. for / / / / / / | / /
/ / / / CL: / | / [pan2]
Xing Y'ng Xiang Ying (1898-1941), communist general
involved in forming the New Fourth Army / / / , killed in 1941
during the New Fourth Army incident / / /
H$i ni Heinrich Heine (1797-1856), German lyric poet
Chn Shu Western Jin dynasty / / historian, author of
History of the Three Kingdoms / / / | / /
din m bakelite (early plastic) / also written / / | / /
[jiao1 mu4]
Sh d$o Shedao or Snake island in Bohai sea / / off L /
shun / / | / / on the tip of the Liaoning peninsula, small
rocky island famous for snakes
c$i ju$n color film / abbr. for / / / / | / / / /
lottery ticket
Fi mn Feinman or Feynman (name) / Richard Feynman
(1918-1988), US physicist, 1965 Nobel prize laureate together with
TOMONAGA Shin'ichir) / and Julian Schwinger
pi$o mi$o see / / | / / [piao1 miao3]
li sh# Six Methods of forming Chinese characters, according to
Han dictionary Shuowen / / | / / - namely, two primary
methods: / / (pictogram), / / (ideogram), two compound
methods: / / | /
ln qn Wilhelm Conrad R / ntgen or Roentgen (1845-1923)
y chun fishing boat / same as / / | /
chng y caries / rotten tooth (colloquial) / see also / / | /
/ [qu3 chi3]
d zhun the great seal / used narrowly for / / used
broadly for many pre-Qin scripts
y$ zi mute person / dumb person / (more commonly called /
/ | / / [ya3 ba5])
nin ji!o viscose / also written / / | /
bin wn a popular form of narrative literature flourishing in the
Tang Dynasty (618-907) with alternate prose and rhymed parts for
recitation and singing (often on Buddhist themes)
/ chu hu variant of / / |/ / } / [chou2 hua4]
di r erhua variant of / | / [dai4]
H Sh Hu Shi (1891-1962), original proponent of writing in
colloquial Chinese / / / | / /
L mn G.F.B. Riemann (1826-1866), German geometer
L( Xn Lu Xun (1881-1936), one of the earliest and best-known
modern Chinese writers
yn r edge (used directly after a noun, e.g. roadside / / /
/ | / / / / )
B) d Johann Elert Bode (1747-1826), German astronomer
Co K#n Cao Kun (1862-1938), one of the Northern Warlords
D*ng Zhu Dong Zhuo (-192), top general of late Han, usurped
power in 189, murdered empress dowager and child emperor, killed
in 192 by L / Bu / / | /
Ln k Rank (name) / Leopold von Ranke (1795-1886),
important German historian
L$o Sh" Lao She (1899-1966) famous Chinese novelist
L& Jng Li Jing (570-649 AD), Tang Dynasty general and
purported author of &rdquo / Duke Li of Wei answering Emperor
Taizong of Tang&rdquo / / / / / / / / / | / /
/ / / / /
L& Y Li Yu (c. 937-978), given name of the final ruler of Tang of
the Five Southern dynasties Li Houzhu / / / | / / / , a
renowned poet
Ln S%n Lin Sen (1868-1943), revolutionary politician, colleague
of Sun Yat-sen, chairman of the Chinese nationalist government
(1928-1932)
Z)u Rng Zou Rong (1885-1905), a martyr of the anti-Qing
revolution, died in jail in 1905
y' bng variant of / / | / / , to lump together / to treat
along with all the others
W( yun Wuyuan county in Bayan Nur / / / / | / /
/ / [Ba1 yan4 nao4 er3], Inner Mongolia
W( hu Wuhua county in Meizhou / / , Guangdong /
Wuhua district of Kunming city / / / [Kun1 ming2 shi4],
Yunnan
Ji xi# Jiexiu county level city in Jinzhong / / | / / [Jin4
zhong1], Shanxi
Ji! sh' Peyzivat nahiyisi (Peyziwat county) in Kashgar
prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west
Xinjiang
G ji Gejiu, county level city in Yunnan, capital of Honghe Hani
and Yi autonomous county / / / / / / / / / /
| / / / / / / / / / / [Hong2 he2
li yn (TCM) six excesses causing illness, namely: excessive
wind / | / [feng1], cold / [han2], heat / [shu3], damp / |
/ [shi1], dryness / [zao4], fire / [huo3]
li xi (TCM) six unhealthy influences causing illness, namely:
excessive wind / | / [feng1], cold / [han2], heat / [shu3],
damp / | / [shi1], dryness / [zao4], fire / [huo3]
Lng h Linghe district of Jinzhou city / / / | / / / ,
Liaoning
Lng h$i Linghai county level city in Jinzhou / / | / / ,
Liaoning
ch!o x variant of / / | / / [chao1 xi2]
Li X Liu Xu (887-946), politician in Later Jin of the Five
Dynasties / / | / / , compiled History of Early Tang Dynasty
/ / / | / /
Li Yu!n Liu Yuan, warlord at the end of the Western Jin
dynasty / / , founder of Cheng Han of the Sixteen Kingdoms /
/ | / / (304-347)
Li E4 Liu E (1857-1909), late Qing novelist, author of / /
/ / | / / / / [Lao3 Can2 You2 ji4]
b!o m& (dialect) corn / maize / also written / / [bao1 mi3]
B"i zhn Beizhen county level city in Jinzhou / / | / / ,
Liaoning
sh g!n same as / / the 10 heavenly stems / , / , /
, / , / , / , / , / , / , / (used cyclically in the calendar
and as ordinal number like Roman I, II, III)
f$n sh trans- (isomer) (chemistry) / see also / / | / /
[shun4 shi4]
G( t$ Guta district of Jinzhou city / / / | / / / ,
Liaoning
G( nu Gounod (name) / Charles Gounod (1818-1893), French
musician and opera composer
h bng variant of / / | / / , to merge / to annex
! qn -azine / heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen in their
ring such as pyridine / / [bi3 ding4] C5H5N, pyrazine / / |
/ / [da1 qin2] C4H4N2 or pyrimidine / / [mi4 ding4] C4H4N2
Chng gng Chenggong county in Kunming / / [Kun1
ming2], Yunnan
y$o ni variant of / / | / / [yao3 nie4] / to gnaw
Xin f%ng reign name of Qing emperor (1850-1861) / Xianfeng
county in Enshi Tujia and Miao autonomous prefecture / / /
/ / / / / / / [En1 shi1 Tu3 jia1 zu2 Miao2 zu2 zi4
zhi4 zhou1], Hubei
Sh!ng nn Shangnan County in Shangluo / / [Shang1
luo4], Shaanxi
Sh!ng zh)u Shangzhou District of Shangluo City / / /
[Shang1 luo4 Shi4], Shaanxi
zh" l variant of / / [zhe3 li1]
Ji! rn Yoshihito, personal name of Japanese emperor Taish) /
emperor (1879-1926), reigned 1912-1926
g l! onomat. / same as /
g f%i old transliteration of coffee, now / U
lu) su) see / / | / / [luo1 suo5]
n!ng chui soft, fat meat of pig's belly / sow's sagging teats /
weakling / flabby person / also written /
n!ng chui soft, fat meat of pig's belly / sow's sagging teats /
weakling / flabby person / also written /
s d the four elements: earth, water, fire, and wind (Buddhism)
/ the four freedoms: speaking out freely, airing views fully, holding
great debates, and writing big-character posters, / / / / |
/ / / / [da4 ming2
Yun Y'ng Yuan Ying (1878-1953), Buddhist monk
d mi geographical position according to the principles of feng
shui / / | / / [feng1 shui3] / ley lines
zu l see / / / | / / / [hou4 zuo4 li4]
W fn sh!n hill cemetery / ancestral grave, traditionally sited on
mountain acc. to rules of fengshui / / | /
| Shu yng Shouyang county in Jinzhong / / | / / [Jin4
zhong1], Shanxi
Xi y Xiayi county in Shangqiu / / [Shang1 qiu1], Henan
wi mi foreign news media / abbr. of / / / / | / /
/
D w! Dawa county in Panjin / / | / / , Liaoning
Ti h Taihe County in Fuyang / / | / | / [Fu4 yang2],
Anhui / Taihe district of Jinzhou city / / / | / / / ,
Liaoning
Ti g( Taigu county in Jinzhong / / | / / [Jin4 zhong1],
Shanxi
ni mi$o nanosecond, ns, 10^-9 s (Taiwan) / PRC equivalent:
/ / | / / [na4 miao3]
Y x'n Grand Prince Yixin (1833-1898), sixth son of Emperor
Daoguang, prominent politician, diplomat and modernizer in late Qing

G# b Am / d / e Courbet (1826-1885), a French admiral who
won a series of important land and naval victories during the Tonkin
campaign and the Sino-French War
S#n Zh# Sun Zhu (1711-1778), poet and compiler of Three
hundred Tang dynasty poems / / / / / | / / / /
/ [Tang2 shi1 san1 bai3 shou3] / also known by assumed name @
/ / / / [Heng2 ta
Sng C Song Ci (1186-1249), Southern Song lawyer, editor of
Record of Washed Grievances / / / / | / / / /
(1247), said to be the world's first legal forensic text
Wn xin Wan former county, now Shunping county / / /
| / / / [Shun4 ping2 xian4] in Baoding / / [Bao3 ding4],
Hebei
Gu!n d Guandu district of Kunming city / / / [Kun1
ming2 shi4], Yunnan
Y ling Yiliang county in Kunming / / [Kun1 ming2],
Yunnan
q Nng lng Ningling county in Shangqiu / / [Shang1 qiu1],
Henan
sh"n gn to examine the cadres / same as / / / / | /
/ /
| Sh!n yng Shanyang District of Jiaozuo City / / / [Jiao1
zuo4 Shi4], Henan / Shanyang County in Shangluo / / [Shang1
luo4], Shaanxi
S)ng mng Songming county in Kunming / / [Kun1 ming2],
Yunnan
yn cng variant of / / | / / rock strata
Zu* qun Zuoquan county in Jinzhong / / | / / [Jin4
zhong1], Shanxi
B! ch( Maralbeshi nahiyisi (Maralbexi county) in Kashgar
prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west
Xinjiang
Png b Pingba county in Anshun / / | / / [An1 shun4],
Guizhou
Png yo Pingyao county in Jinzhong / / | / / [Jin4
zhong1], Shanxi
D chu!n Tokugawa, the ruling clan of Japan from 1550-1850
ji$o xng variant of / / | / / [jiao3 xing4]
sh*u sh gesture / same as / / | / / [shou3 shi4]
Yng Xing Yang Xiong (53 BC-18 AD), scholar, poet and
lexicographer, author of the first Chinese dialect dictionary / /
[Fang1 yan2]
b!n zh& jadeite thumb ring / same as j / / / |j / / /
[ban1 zhi3 r5]
zh xin variant of / / | / / , broken line (continuous
figure made up of straight line segments) / polygonal line / dog leg
sh)u f!ng receiving party / recipient / debit side (of balance
sheet), as opposed to credit side / / [fu4 fang1]
Wn K!ng Wen Kang (mid-19th century), Manchu-born
novelist, author of The Gallant Maid / / / / / | / / /
/ / [Er2 nu:3 Ying1 xiong2 Zhuan4]
| X' yng Xiyang county in Jinzhong / / | / / [Jin4
zhong1], Shanxi
q Jn nng Jinning county in Kunming / / [Kun1 ming2],
Yunnan
P( dng Puding county in Anshun / / | / / [An1 shun4],
Guizhou
P( sh Nikolai Mikhailovich Przevalski / / / / / /
/ | / / / / / / / (1839-1888), Russian explorer who
made four expeditions to Central Asian from 1870
q# xin variant of / / | / / , curve / curved line
sh# qi!n variant of / / | / / [shu1 qian1] / bookmark
Z%ng P( Zheng Pu (1872-1935), novelist and publisher
Wng hu! Wanghua district of Fushun city / / / | / /
/ , Liaoning
Zh!o g% Zhaoge, capital of the Shang dynasty / / Zhaoge
town in Qi county / / | / / , Hebi / / | / / , Henan
b"n zu actual sin (Christian notion, as opposed to original sin
/ / )
B"n c Benz (name) / Karl Benz (1844-1929), motor car pioneer

Zh# W%n Zhu Wen (852-912), military governor / / / |
/ / / [jie2 du4 shi3] at the end of Tang, founder of Later Liang of
the Five Dynasties (907-923) / also called / / / / | / /
/
L& Sng Li Song, personal name of eleventh Tang emperor
Shunzong / / | / / [Shun4 zong1] (761-806), reigned 805-
806
D)ng chu!n Dongchuan district of Kunming city / / /
[Kun1 ming2 shi4], Yunnan
D)ng tio Tojo Hideki (1884-1948), Japanese military leader
hanged as war criminal in 1948
y$o mi$o variant of / / [yao3 miao3]
Ln X Lin Xu, one of the Six Gentlemen Martyrs / / /
/ / of the unsuccessful reform movement of 1898
Ln Sh# Lin Shu (1852-1924), writer and influential translator
and adaptor of vast swathes of Western literature into classical
Chinese
Zh chng Zhecheng county in Shangqiu / / [Shang1
qiu1], Henan
Zh shu& Zhashui County in Shangluo / / [Shang1 luo4],
Shaanxi
K% x' Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789-1857), French
mathematician
g Ling yun Liangyuan district of Shangqiu city / / /
[Shang1 qiu1 shi4], Henan
Mi sh Charles Messier (1730-1817), French astronomer who
catalogued nebulas and galaxies
Yng Ru Yang Rui, one of the Six Gentlemen Martyrs / /
/ / / of the unsuccessful reform movement of 1898
j Y c Yuci district of Jinzhong city / / / | / / / [Jin4
zhong1 shi4], Shanxi
j Y sh Yushe county in Jinzhong / / | / / [Jin4
zhong1], Shanxi
Y'ng D$o Sakurajima island, an active volcano in Kagoshima
prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Lu4 er2 dao3 xian4],
Japan
Q'n ni Chennai, capital of southeast Indian state Tamil Nadu
/ / / / / | / / / / / [Tai4 mi3 er3 Na4 de2 bang1]
/ formerly called Madras / / / / | / / / / [
Zhng z( Jeonjo (1752-1800), 22nd king of Korean Joseon
dynasty
J d n$i poisoned milk / contaminated milk / refers to 2008 PRC
scandal involving milk products adulterated with melamine / /
/ / [san1 ju4 qing2 an4]
B ci Bizet (name) / Georges Bizet (1838-1875), French
musician, composer of opera Carmen
shu& xi!n variant of / / , narcissus / daffodil / legendary
aquatic immortal / refers to those buried at sea / person who wanders
abroad and does not return
Y*ng ji! Yongjia county in Wenzhou / / | / / [Wen1
zhou1], Zhejiang / reign name 307-313 of Jin Emperor Huai / /

Y*ng chng Yongcheng county level city in Shangqiu / /
[Shang1 qiu1], Henan
Qn shu& Qinshui county in Jincheng / / | / / [Jin4
cheng2], Shanxi
\ Sh"n F Shen Fu (1763-c. 1810), Qing dynasty writer, author of
Six records of a floating life / / / / | / / / / [fu2
sheng1 liu4 ji4]
B s)ng S.D. Poisson (1781-1840), French mathematician
Lu nn Luonan County in Shangluo / / [Shang1 luo4],
Shaanxi
j'n lng tsunami / same as / / | /
Hng X' Hongxi Emperor, reign name of fourth Ming emperor
Zhu Gaochi / / / | / / / [Zhu1 Gao1 chi4] (1378-1425),
reigned (1424-1425), Temple name / / / [Ming2 Ren2 zong1]

Q'ng yun Qingyuan county in Fushun / / | / / ,
Liaoning
Xi!ng y*ng Hunan army, irregular force formed in 1850s to fight
the Taiping heavenly kingdom rebellion
Z zh)u Zezhou county in Jincheng / / | / / [Jin4
cheng2], Shanxi
Z p( Poskam nahiyisi (Poskam county) in Kashgar prefecture
/ / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west Xinjiang
bo hu! see / / / / [bao4 yu4 mi3 hua1]
Xun p( mythical fairyland on Kunlun Mountain / / | / /
[Kun1 lun2]
ji$ li type A influenza / abbr. for / / H1N1 / / refers to
H1N1 influenza of 2009
sh%n q( Shanghai opera / same as / / | /
Sh# l Shule ancient name for modern Kashgar / Shule county
in Kashgar prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4
qu1], west Xinjiang
Sh# f Shufu county in Kashgar prefecture / / / / | /
/ / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west Xinjiang
f%ng t!n paralysis / also / / | / / [tan1 huan4]
Pn lng Panlong district of Kunming city / / / [Kun1
ming2 shi4], Yunnan
L y'n Lewin (name) / Kurt Lewing (1890-1944), German
American psychologist of the Gestalt school, the author of Field
Theory
mi$o xi$o variant of / / [miao3 xiao3]
Su' xin Sui county in Shangqiu / / [Shang1 qiu1], Henan
| Su' yng Suiyang district of Shangqiu city / / / [Shang1
qiu1 shi4], Henan
Dng k*u Dengkou county in Bayan Nur / / / / | /
/ / / [Ba1 yan4 nao4 er3], Inner Mongolia
Q X' Qi Xi (c. 620-550 BC), minister of Jin state / / | /
/ [Jin4 guo2] of the Spring and Autumn states
Q xin Qixian county in Jinzhong / / | / / [Jin4
zhong1], Shanxi
z( x ancestry / lineage / pedigree / also written / / | /
shn xi!n variant of / / [shen2 xian1]
F x Ferdinand Foch (1851-1929), leading French general and
commander-in-chief of allied forces in the latter stages of World War
One
M t)ng Mouton (name) / Gabriel Mouton (1618-1694), French
clergyman and scientist, pioneer of the metric system
nin m& sticky rice / short-grain rice / Oryza sativa var. japonica /
also written /
J Yn Ji Yun (1724-1805), Qing Dynasty writer, author of
supernatural novel Notes on a Minutely Observed Thatched Hut /
/ / / / / | / / / / /
n mi$o nanosecond, ns, 10^-9 s (PRC) / Taiwan equivalent:
/ / [nai4 miao3]
Z& yn Ziyun Hmong and Buyei autonomous county in Anshun
/ / | / / [An1 shun4], Guizhou
ji hu Adam's Apple / laryngeal prominence / variant of / /
| /
d ln variant of / / | / / [di2 lun2]
li zhu superfluous / cumbersome / a burden on sb / a
nuisance to sb / to inconvenience / to tie sb down / long-winded (of
writing) / also written / / | / / also pr. [lei2 zhui5]
lu hu variant of / / | / / [luo2 hou2]
Y xin Yi county in Jinzhou / / | / / , Liaoning
lin zhu to put together / linking / successive / a cluster / same
as / / | /
Xio b!ng Frederic Chopin or Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin
(1810-1849), Polish pianist and composer
H f Hoover (name) / Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) US mining
engineer and Republican politician, president (1929-1933)
h qun Hu Quan (1102-1180, Song Dynasty official and poet)
z zu actual sin (Christian notion, as opposed to original sin /
/ ) / conscious sin
Sh# mn Schumann (name) / Robert Schumann (1810-1856),
romantic composer
Fn Y historian from Song of the Southern Dynasties / /
/ , author of History of Eastern Han / / / | / /
Sh! ch% Yeken nahiyisi (Yarkand county or Shache) in Kashgar
prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west
Xinjiang
Y Wn Yip Man (1893-1972), martial arts practitioner, master
of Bruce Lee
Y chng Qaghiliq nahiyisi (Kargilik county) in Kashgar
prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west
Xinjiang
Mng r Gaspard Monge (1746-1818), French mathematician
+ C)ng l&ng old name for the Pamir high plateau / / / /
/ | / / / / / [Pa4 mi3 er3 Gao1 yuan2] on the border
between Xinjiang and Tajikistan
mi$o xi$o variant of / / [miao3 xiao3]
Y chng Yucheng county in Shangqiu / / [Shang1 qiu1],
Henan
X' xi Xixiu district of Anshun city / / / | / / / [An1
shun4 shi4], Guizhou
X' Lio Western Liao, Khitan kingdom of central Asia 1132-1218

j d# concept from Vedic astronomy (Sanskrit Ketu), the
opposite point to / / | / / [luo2 hou2] / imaginary star
presaging disaster
Nu t Noether (name) / Emmy Noether (1882-1935), famous
German female algebraist / Noetherian (math.)
f%ng c$i variant of / / | / / or / / | / / , svelte /
elegant manner / graceful bearing
gun q beneficial influence, esp. from one's ancestral graves
/ / |W / / in fengshui / / | / / to confer beneficial
influence
Yu f%i Adolph Abramovich Joffe (1883-1927), Soviet and
Comintern diplomat and spy in 1922-23 in Republican China
Zho Y Zhao Yi (1727-1814), Qing dynasty poet and historian,
one of Three great poets of the Qianlong era / / / /
Zi y' Zai Yi (1856-1922), Manchu imperial prince and politician,
disgraced after supporting the Boxers
mi$o yu$n see / / | / / [miao3 yuan3]
mng xi to express gratitude (esp. in public) / vote of thanks /
also written / / | /
Zhn !n Zhen'an County in Shangluo / / [Shang1 luo4],
Shaanxi
Ti" tu) Marshal Josip Broz Tito (1892-1980), Yugoslav military
and communist political leader, President of Yugoslavia 1945-1980
Chng g" Changge county level city in Shangqiu / /
[Shang1 qiu1], Henan
gu!n x variant of / / |3 / / [guan1 xi4]
Chn Chn Chen Chen (1613-1670), novelist and poet at the
Ming-Qing transition, author of Water Margin sequel / / / /
| / / /
Lng chu!n Lingcuan county in Jincheng / / | / / [Jin4
cheng2], Shanxi
To Qin Tao Qian or Tao Yuanming / / / | / / /
(c. 365-427), Jin dynasty writer and poet
| Yng chng Yangcheng county in Jincheng / / | / /
[Jin4 cheng2], Shanxi
Lng sh Lingshi county in Jinzhong / / | / / [Jin4
zhong1], Shanxi
Wi l Waley or Whaley (name) / Arthur Waley (1889-1966),
pioneer British sinologist
Shn chng Shuncheng district of Fushun city / / / | /
/ / , Liaoning
f%ng c$i variant of / / | / / , svelte / elegant manner /
graceful bearing
f%ng t!n paralysis / see also / / | / / [tan1 huan4]
y xn variant of / / | / / [yu2 xun4]
Bo y% J / nos Bolyai (1802-1860), one of the discoverers of
non-Euclidean geometry
ln ch scaly wing / Lepidoptera (insect order including butterflies
/ / | / / and moths / / | / / )
Hng zh!ng Li Hung-chang or Li Hongzhang (1823-1901), Qing
dynasty general, politician and diplomat
k#n xin pipa strings, made from sinews of large crane or swan
/ / | / / [kun1 ji1]
mi b mic hog / person who monopolizes the mike at karaoke
party (hegemon / of the microphone / / / | / / / )
m f%ng leprosy / also written / / | /
hung j'n refers to the Yellow Turbans peasant uprising at the
end of later Han (from 184)
nin m& sticky rice / short-grain rice / Oryza sativa var. japonica /
also written /
nin ti% to glue to / to paste onto / to stick on / also written /
/ | /
Png D Pang De (-219), general of Cao Wei at the start of the
Three Kingdoms period, victor over Guan Yu / / |3 / / Pound
(name) / Ezra Pound (1885-1972), American poet and translator
K sh# to cram (Taiwan, from Taiwanese kh / su / / , lit. to
gnaw a book) / to study / see also / / | / / [ken3 shu1]
Zh)u Xun Zhou Xuan (1918-1957), Chinese singer and film
actress
Ru$n Yun scholar-official in the Qing dynasty (1764-1849)
k!ng b& same as / / [bi3 kang1]
m! de see / / / | / / / [ta1 ma1 de5]
lu luo see / / | / / [lou2 luo5]
lu) s# see / / | / / [luo1 suo5]
zh xin variant of / / | / / [zhe2 xian4], broken line
(continuous figure made up of straight line segments) / polygonal line
/ dog leg
f pi!o see / / [piao1 fu2]
Nu ji$ng Nobel prize / abbr. for / / / / | / / /
/ [Nuo4 bei4 er3 jiang3]
pi!o mi$o variant of / / | / / [piao1 miao3]
b! f%ng see / / / | / / / [ba1 feng1 xue2]
l# s# see / / | / / [luo1 suo5]
s m plastic film (abbr. for / / / / [su4 liao4 bo2
mo2])
wi lo abbr. for / / / / | / / / / [wai4 ji2 lao2
gong1] / foreign worker
K#n qi!ng see / / | / / [Kun1 qu3]
pi!o yng see / / [piao1 yang2]
Mo Z d)ng Mao Zedong (1893-1976), Chinese communist
leader
M$ k s' Marx (name) / Groucho Marx (the star of Duck
Soup, 1933) / Karl Marx (1818-1883), German socialist philosopher,
political activist and founder of Marxism
Gng q'ng tun the Communist Youth League, abbr. for /
/ / / / / / | / / / / / / / [Gong4 chan3
zhu3 yi4 Qing1 nian2 tuan2]
Mo Zh( x Chairman Mao / Mao Zedong / / / | /
/ / (1893-1976), Chinese Communist leader
Zh# g" Ling Zhuge Liang (181-234), military leader and
prime minister of Shu Han / / | / / during the Three
Kingdoms period / the main hero of the fictional Romance of Three
Kingdoms / / / / | / / /
S!n gu zh History of the Three Kingdoms, fourth of the 24
dynastic histories / / / / [Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], composed by
Chen Shou / / | / / [Chen2 Shou4] in 289 during Jin
Dynasty / / | / / [Jin4 c
Ji$ng Ji sh Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975), former
Guomindang leader
wng yu$n jng binoculars / telescope / CL: / [fu4], /
[fu4], / [bu4]
Zh)ng k% yun abbr. for / / / / / / / | /
/ / / / / / [Zhong1 guo2 She4 hui4 Ke1 xue2 yuan4],
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
X' t l Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)
S#n Zh)ng sh!n Dr Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), first president
of the Republic of China and co-founder of the Guomintang / /
/ | / / / same as / / / | / /
!n min yo sleeping pill / CL: / [li4]
N p ln Napoleon (name) / Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-
1821), Emperor of France 1804-1815
Zh)u z*ng l& Premier Zhou Enlai / / / | / / /
(1898-1976)
S' d ln Joseph Stalin (1879-1953), Soviet dictator
Bi du) f%n Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
F sh k!ng Foxconn Technology Group / abbr. of / /
/ / / / / | / / / / / / / [Fu4 shi4 kang1 ke1
ji4 ji2 tuan2]
f!ng f$ ln methodology / Discours de la m / thode by Ren /
Descartes / / / | / / / , 1637
l y'n di audio tape / CL: / | / [pan2], / [he2]
T*ng Zhn b United Front Work Department of CPC Central
Committee (UFWD) / abbr. for / / / / / / / | / /
/ / / / / [Tong3 yi1 Zhan4 xian4 Gong1 zuo4 bu4]
Lu s' f Roosevelt (name) / Theodore Roosevelt (1858-
1919), US President 1901-1909 / Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945),
US President 1933-1945
Z%ng Gu f!n Zeng Guofan (1811-1872), Qing dynasty
politician and military man
A d sh%ng Edison (name) / Thomas Alva Edison (1847-
1931), American inventor and businessman
En1 g s' Friedrich Engels (1820-1895), socialist philosopher
and one of the founder of Marxism
Co Xu" qn Cao Xueqin (c. 1715-c. 1764), accepted author
of Dream of Red Mansions / / / | / / / [Hong2 lou2
Meng4]
Li Sho q Liu Shaoqi (1898-1969), Chinese communist
leader, a martyr of the Cultural Revolution
D "r wn Charles Darwin (1809-1882), British biologist and
author of "On the Origin of Species" / / / / | / / / /
[wu3 zhong3 qi3 yuan2] / Darwin, capital of Australian Northern
Territory / / / |
L& Hng zh!ng Li Hung-chang or Li Hongzhang (1823-1901),
Qing dynasty general, politician and diplomat
Yun Sh k$i Yuan Shikai (1859-1916), senior general of late
Qing, subsequently warlord and self-proclaimed emperor of China
Png D hui Peng Dehuai (1898-1974), top communist
general, subsequently politician and politburo member, disgraced
after attacking Mao's failed policies in 1959, and died after extensive
persecution during the Cultural Revolution
H%i g "r Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831),
German philosopher
M$ xi% "r Marshall (name) / George Catlett Marshall (1880-
1959), US general in WWII and Secretary of State 1947-1949, author
of the postwar Marshall plan for Europe and Nobel peace laureate
Hu ti" l Waterloo (Flanders) / 1815 battle of Waterloo / fig. a
defeat / setback
Sng Qng lng Song Qingling or Rosemonde Soong (1893-
1981), wife of Sun Yat-sen / / / | / / / [Sun1 Zhong1
shan1]
Ling Q& ch!o Liang Qichao (1873-1929), influential journalist
and a leader of the failed reform movement of 1898
l! l! du support team / cheering squad / cheerleader / also
written / / / | / /
] Du) "r g(n Dorgon (1612-1651), fourteenth son of Nurhaci
/ / / / | / / / / , successful general, instrumental in
Manchu conquest of China, ruled China as regent 1644-1650 for his
nephew Emperor Shunzhi / / &
Hu f# mn Hofmann or Hoffman (name) / August Wilhelm
von Hofmann (1818-1892), German chemist / Dustin Hoffman (1937-
), US film actor
H Zh mng Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969), former Vietnamese
leader. See also / / / / [Hu2 Zhi4 ming2 shi4]
K$ f# k$ Franz Kafka (1883-1924), Czech Jewish writer
Q Bi sh Qi Baishi (1864-1957), famous Chinese painter
Chn D xi Chen Duxiu (1879-1942), Chinese Marxist and
leading communist, blamed for the failures of Chinese communism
from 1927, posthumously rehabilitated
Ln Z x Lin Zexu or Lin Tse-hsu "Commissioner Lin" (1785-
1850), Qing official whose anti-opium activities led to first Opium war
with Britain 1840-1842
Zh# Z q'ng Zhu Ziqing (1898-1948), poet and essayist
Sng M"i lng Soong Mei-ling or Song Meiling (1898-2003),
Chiang Kai-shek's wife (subsequently widow)
Ti g% "r Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), Indian poet and
writer
G!o "r j' Gorkii (name) / Maxim Gorkii (1868-1936), Russian
proletarian writer and propagandist
K$i %n s' Keynes (name) / John Maynard Keynes (1883-
1946), influential British economist
K!ng Y*u wi Kang Youwei (1858-1927), Confucian
intellectual, educator and would-be reformer, main leader of the failed
reform movement of 1898
D Yn h the Grand Canal, 1800 km from Beijing to
Hangzhou, built starting from 486 BC
W!ng J'ng wi Wang Ching-wei (1883-1944), left wing
Guomingdang politician, subsequently Japanese collaborator
Bi Qi %n Norman Bethune (1890-1939), Canadian doctor,
worked for communists in Spanish civil war and for Mao in Yan'an,
where he died of blood poisoning
hng t)ng t)ng bright red / also written / / / | / /

Wng Gu wi Wang Guowei (1877-1927), noted scholar
Ci Yun pi Cai Yuanpei (1868-1940), liberal educationalist,
studied in Germany, President of Beijing University 1917-19, minister
of education for Guomindang
L& Sh zh%n Li Shizhen (1518-1593), Ming botanist and
pharmacologist, author of Compendium of Medical Herbs / / /
/ | / / / / [Ben3 cao3 Gang1 mu4]
Di G!o l Charles De Gaulle (1890-1970), French general
and politician, leader of the Free French during World War II and
President of the Republic 1959-1969
L& s' t Ferenc (Franz) Liszt (1811-1886), Hungarian
composer / Joseph Lister (1883-1897), British surgeon and
bacteriologist
L& D zh!o Li Dazhao (1889-1927), early Chinese Marxist and
founding member of the communist party
P( x' j'n Alexandr Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837), great
Russian romantic poet
Fng Y xing Feng Yuxiang (1882-1948), warlord during
Republic of China, strongly critical of Chiang Kai-shek
Hng Xi qun Hong Xiuquan or Hung Hsiu-ch' / an (1812-
1864), leader of the Taiping rebellion or Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Z' b"n ln Das Kapital (1867) by Karl Marx / / / /
/ / | / / / / / / [Ka3 er3 + / Ma3 ke4 si1]
Zh!ng Zu ln Zhang Zuolin (c. 1873-1928), warlord of
Manchuria 1916-1928
L& Z)ng rn Li Zongren (1891-1969), a leader of Guangxi
warlord faction
Zh)u Zu rn Zhou Zuoren (1885-1967), brother of Lu Xun
/ / | / / , academic in Japanese and Greek studies, briefly
imprisoned after the war as Japanese collaborator, persecuted and
died of unknown causes during the Cultural Revolution
K$ ni j' Carnegie (name) / Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919),
Scots American steel millionaire and philanthropist
d sh g!o disco (loanword) / also written / / / [di2 si1
ke1]
Wn Y' du) Wen Yiduo (1899-1946), poet and patriotic
fighter, executed by Guomindang in Kunming
Yn X' sh!n Yan Xishan (1883-1960), warlord in Shanxi
Y Shng to Ye Shengtao (1894-1988), writer and editor,
known esp. for children's books
L& Hng zh Li Hongzhi, founder of Falung Gong / / /
| / / / [Fa3 lun2 Gong1]
Mn d l! Nelson Mandela (1918-), South African ANC
politician, president of South Africa 1994-1999
Zh!ng Zh' dng Zhang Zhidong (1837-1909), prominent
politician in late Qing
D g%ng s' Dickens (name) / Charles Dickens (1812-1870),
great English novelist
Zh!ng Gu t!o Zhang Guotao (1897-1979), Chinese
communist leader in the 1920s and 1930s, defected to Guomindang
in 1938
Zh!n Ti!n yu Zhan Tianyou (1861-1919), Chinese railroad
engineer
Q'ng nin hu YMCA (international Christian youth movement,
formed in 1844)
Tn S tng Tan Sitong (1865-1898), Qing writer and
politician, one of the Six Gentlemen Martyrs / / / / / of
the unsuccessful reform movement of 1898
d s j fourth period / quaternary (geological period covering
the recent ice ages over the last 180,000 years)
xin b'ng du the Kempeitai or Japanese Military Police 1881-
1945 (Japanese counterpart of the Gestapo during WWII)
Sh# b"n hu Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), German
post-Kantian philosopher
Q# Qi# bi Qu Qiubai (1899-1935), politician, Soviet expert of
the Chinese communists at time of Soviet influence, publisher and
Russian translator, captured and executed by Guomindang at the
time of the Long March
Q h% f# Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860-1904), Russian
writer famous for his short stories and plays
Dun Q ru Duan Qirui (1864-1936), commander of Beiyang
Army under Yuan Shikai, then politician and powerful warlord
D*ng B w( Dong Biwu (1886-1975), one of the founders of
the Chinese communist party
N m& z' Chester William Nimitz (1885-1966), US admiral
Qi# j "r Winston Churchill (1874-1965), UK politican and
prime minister 1940-1945 and 1951-1955 / surname Churchill
Ji Tng sh# History of the Early Tang Dynasty, sixteenth of
the 24 dynastic histories / / / / [Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3],
compiled under Liu Xu / / | / / [Liu2 Xu4] in 945 during
Later Jin / / | / / [Hou4
Hn wn d fourth Han emperor Han Wendi (202-157 BC),
personal name Liu Heng / / | / / reigned 180-157 BC
F Zu y Fu Zuoyi (1895-1974), Guomindang general,
subsequently PRC top general and politician
wi "r do external auditory meatus / auditory canal, between
the outer ear / / and tympanum /
D Yu sh%ng Du Yuesheng (1888-1951), Shanghai secret-
society leader, banker, industrialist
Bi Chng x& Bai Chongxi (1893-1966), a leader of Guangxi
warlord faction, top Nationalist general, played important role in
Chiang Kaishek's campaigns 1926-1949
D Zhng m$ Alexandre Dumas, p / re (1802-1870), French
writer
Hung B'n hng Huang Binhong (1865-1955), art historian
and literati painter
yng ji$o f%ng variant of / / / | / / / [yang2 jiao3
feng1]
F$ l! d Faraday (name) / Michael Faraday (1791-1867),
British experimental physicist prominent in the development of
electricity
Yng H( chng Yang Hucheng (1893-1949), Chinese warlord
and Nationalist general
H Yng q'n He Yingqin (1890-1987), senior Guomindang
general
Hn Xin d Emperor Xian of Han (181-234), the final Han
emperor, set up by Dong Zhuo / / , reigned 189-220, forced to
abdicate 220 by Cao Pi /
Ling Sh mng Liang Shuming (1893-1988), modern
philosopher and teacher in the neo-Confucian tradition
D bi!o x' Claude Debussy (1862-1918), French composer
Tu) "r j'n J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973), British philologist and
author of fantasy fiction such as Lord of the Rings /
p chng li reptiles / also written / / / | / /
li( chng zh' orange juice / CL: / [ping2], / [bei1], /
[guan4], / [he2] / see also / / [cheng2 zhi1]
L& S gu!ng Li Siguang (1889-1971), Mongol-born, Japanese
trained geologist, prominent in early PRC oil exploration
ch xi$o du see / / | / / [hong2 dou4]
B! s' d Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), French chemist and
microbiologist
F l y Francois-Maire Charles Fourier (French sociologist
and socialist, 1772-1837)
P( l$ng k Max Planck (1858-1947), German physicist
F k n William Faulkner (1897-1962), American novelist
and poet
chun mn zi see / / | / / [chuan4 men2]
A k!ng n O'Connor (name) / Thomas Power O'Connor
(1848-1929), Irish journalist and nationalist political leader
K li y'n Klein or Kline (name) / Felix Klein (1849-1925),
German mathematician
Zh K" zh%n Zhu Kezhen (1890-1974), Chinese metereologist
and geologist
Xi$n X'ng h$i Xian Xinghai (1905-1945), violinist and
composer, known for patriotic wartime pieces, including Yellow River
Oratorio / / / / / | / / / /
Y b( sh%ng Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906), Norwegian dramatist,
author of Doll's House / / /
Chn Ji*ng mng Chen Jiongming (1878-1933), a leading
warlord of Guangdong faction, defeated in 1925 and fled to Hong
Kong
xu s s hematin (blood pigment) / heme / hemoglobin / also
written / / / / | / / /
Sng Jio rn Song Jiaoren (1882-1913), politician of the
revolutionary party involved in the 1911 Xinhai revolution, murdered
in Shanghai in 1913
Tng G!o z( Emperor Gaozu of Tang, reign name of first
Tang emperor Li Yuan / / | / / [Li3 Yuan1] (566-635),
reigned 618-626
chng shng j#n Ever Victorious Army (1860-1864), Qing
dynasty army equipped and trained jointly with Europeans and used
esp. against the Taiping rebels
S' m$ Yn Sima Yan (236-290), founding emperor of Jin
dynasty / after the Three Kingdoms period, reigned 265-290 as
Emperor Wu of Jin / /
X Sh ch!ng Xu Shichang (1855-1939), politician associated
with the Northern Warlords, president of China in 1921
Do "r dn Dalton (name) / John Dalton (1766-1844), British
scientist who contributed to atomic theory
H x# l Huxley (name) / Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895),
British evolutionary scientist and champion of Darwin / Aldous Huxley
(1894-1963), British novelist
N si "r Nasr or Nasser (Arab name) / Gamal Abdel Nasser
(1918-1970), Egyptian President
Dng Sh ch!ng Deng Shichang (1849-1894), Qing dynasty
naval specialist, founded naval dockyards and two naval colleges,
died heroically in action against the Japanese
du) ji$o xng polygon / same as / / / | / /
ji sh j#n Salvation Army (protestant philanthropic
organization founded in London in 1865)
G( sh%ng di Paleozoic, geological era 545-250m years ago,
covering Cambrian / / / | / / / , Ordovician / / /
| / / / , Silurian / / / | / / / , Devonian / &
S#n Chun f!ng Sun Chuanfang (1885-1935) one of the
northern warlord, murdered in Tianjin in 1935
D lng ji!ng Dulong river in northwest Yunnan on border
with Myanmar, tributary of Salween or Nujiang / / , sometimes
referred to as number four of Three parallel rivers / / / / |
/ / / / , wildlife protection
h p( d'ng Chinese brand name of Lamivudine / / /
/ [La1 mi3 fu1 ding4]
An1 D h$i An Dehai (-1869), the Qing equivalent of
Rasputin, all-powerful court eunuch with the dowager empress Cixi
/ / / / [Ci2 xi3 Tai4 hou4], executed in 1869 by her rival
Empress Mother Empress Dowager Ci'an / / /
f$ ln g)ng erroneous variant of / / / | / / /
[Fa3 lun2 gong1], Falungong (proscribed Chinese spiritual practice)
d dng y the world's first seismograph invented by Zhang
Heng / / in 132 / abbr. for / / / / / | / / / /

) X'ng zh)ng hu Revive China Society, founded by Dr Sun Yat-
sen / / / | / / / in 1894 in Honolulu
nin tu r erhua variant of / / | / / [nian2 tou2]
Chn Ti!n hu Chen Tianhua (1875-1905), anti-Qing
revolutionary from Hunan, drowned himself in Japan in 1905
Xio B n Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), Irish-born British
playwright
J d n$i f"n poisoned milk powder / refers to 2008 PRC
scandal involving milk powder adulterated with melamine / / /
/ [san1 ju4 qing2 an4]
X( D sh!n Xu Dishan (1893-1941), journalist, publisher and
novelist
hng g m diaphragm / also written / / / | / / /
[heng2 ge2 mo2]
A1 bi "r Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829), Norwegian
mathematician / (math.) abelian
B li "r Blair (name) / Braille (name) / Louis Braille (1809-
1852), the inventor of the Braille alphabet for the blind
F l& y Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier (French mathematician,
1768-1830)
j zi shu& orange juice / CL: / [ping2], / [bei1], /
[guan4], / [he2]
ju$n cng yn cirrostratus (cloud) / also written / / /
| / / / [juan3 ceng2 yun2]
Mi Ln f!ng Mei Lanfang (1894-1961), famous master of
Beijing opera, specialist in female roles
N h l( Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964), Indian politician, first
prime minister 1947-1964
Sh!n x' sh"ng Shanxi province (Shansi) in north China
between Hebei and Shaanxi, abbr. / capital Taiyuan /
Shng h$i sh Shanghai municipality in southeast China, abbr.
/ |
S#n Y xi!n Dr Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), first president of the
Republic of China and co-founder of the Kuomintang / same as /
/ / | / /
X' w t Sievert (Sv), unit of radiation damage used in
radiotherapy / Rolf Maximilian Sievert (1896-1966), Swedish physicist

X B%i hng Xu Beihong (1895-1953), famous European
trained painter and influential art teacher
Yn nn Sh"ng Yunnan Province in southwest China,
bordering on Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar, abbr. / [Dian1] or /
| / [Yun2], capital Kunming / / [Kun1 ming2]
Zh)u En1 li Zhou Enlai (1898-1976), Chinese communist
leader, prime minister 1949-1976
An1 t sh%ng Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875)
B& s' mi Bismarck (name) / Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898),
Prussian politician, Minister-President of Prussia 1862-1873,
Chancellor of Germany 1871-1890
B) n b! Bonaparte (name) / Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-
1821), Emperor of France 1804-1815
B lio z' Hector Berlioz (1803-1869), French romantic
composer, author of Symphonie Fantastique
Chng qng sh Chongqing city, formerly in Sichuan province,
a municipality since 1997, short name / [Yu2]
Dn n sh%ng Tennyson (name) / Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron
Tennyson (1809-1892), English poet
Fng Xun lng Fang Xuanling (579-648), Tang dynasty
historian, compiler of History of Jin dynasty / / | /
Gu) M ru Guo Moruo (1892-1978), writer, communist party
intellectual and cultural apparatchik
h t& z a Chinese character formed by combining existing
elements - i.e. a combined ideogram / / | / / or radical plus
phonetic / / | /
Hung F%i hng Wong Fei Hung (1847-1924), famous martial
artist and revolutionary
Hung h Lu Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan City, built in
223, burnt down in 1884, rebuilt in 1985 / favored place of poet
sages, who in legend arrived riding golden cranes / Tang poem by
Cui Hao / / | / / [Cui1 Hao4], with theme 'the past will ne
Q ji$n j' du base pair (bp) consisting of two complementary
nucleotides (adenine A / / / paired with thymine T / /
/ / in DNA)
Ln h q# Linhe district of Bayan Nur city / / / / /
| / / / / / [Ba1 yan4 nao4 er3 shi4], Inner Mongolia
P( l( d)ng Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865), French
socialist philosopher
Su Yng d Emperor Yang of Sui (569-618), said to have
murdered his father and brother to seize the throne, reigned 604-618

Tng Sho y Tang Shaoyi (1862-1939), politician and
diplomat
T s' l! Tesla (unit) / Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), Serbian
inventor and engineer
X Zh m Xu Zhimo (1897-1931), writer and poet
Y D f# Yu Dafu (1896-1945), poet and novelist
g Yun mng yun Yuanmingyuan, the Old Summer Palace,
destroyed by the British and French army in 1860
Zh!ng D qi!n Chang Dai-chien or Zhang Daqian (1899-
1983), one of the greatest Chinese artists of the 20th century
D'ng R( ch!ng Ding Ruchang (1836-1895), commander of
the Qing North China Navy
D'ng W"i ling William A.P. Martin (1827-1916), American
missionary who lived 62 years in China between 1850 and 1916, and
helped found many Chinese colleges, first president of Beijing
university
Q' h zh)u Semirechye region of Kazakhstan, bordering Lake
Balkash / / / / / | / / / / / [Ba1 er3 ka1 shi2
Hu2]
Qi# Fng ji$ Qiu Fengjia or Ch'iu Feng-chia (1864-1912),
Taiwanese Hakkanese poet
chun mn r erhua variant of / / | / / [chuan4 men2]

D!n fng Xin Danfeng County in Shangluo / / [Shang1
luo4], Shaanxi
W( yun xin Wuyuan county in Bayan Nur / / / /
| / / / / [Ba1 yan4 nao4 er3], Inner Mongolia
W( hu q# Wuhua district of Kunming city / / / [Kun1
ming2 shi4], Yunnan
Y lu ho the Arrow (a Hong Kong registered ship involved
in historical incident in 1856 used as pretext for the second Opium
War)
Ji Zh' tu' Jie Zhitui (7th century BC), legendary selfless
subject of Duke Wen of Jin / / / | / / / , in whose honor
the Qingming festival / / (Pure brightness or tomb-sweeping
festival) is said to have been initiated
Ji xi# sh Jiexiu county level city in Jinzhong / / | / /
[Jin4 zhong1], Shanxi
xi!n f!ng r erhua variant of / / [xian1 fang1]
Y' s' mn Eastman (name) / George Eastman (1854-1932),
US inventor and founder of Kodak / / | / / [Ke1 da2] / Max
F. Eastman (1883-1969), US socialist writer, subsequently severe
critic of USSR
W( Tng f!ng Wu Tingfang (1842-1922), diplomat and lawyer

Ji! sh' xin Peyzivat nahiyisi (Peyziwat county) in Kashgar
prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west
Xinjiang
Ji! lu w / variste Galois (1811-1832), famous French
mathematical prodigy and unsuccessful duelist
Ji! lu hu / variste Galois (1811-1832), famous French
mathematical prodigy and unsuccessful duelist / also written / /
/ | / /
d' s cng low velocity zone (seismology) / also called
asthenosphere / / / | / / / [ruan3 liu2 ceng2]
F l$ng g% Franco (name) / Generalissimo Francisco Franco
Bahamonde (1892-1975), Spanish dictator and head of state 1939-
1975
G ji sh Gejiu, county level city in Yunnan, capital of Honghe
Hani and Yi autonomous county / / / / / / / / /
/ | / / / / / / / / /
N S ch)ng Ni Sichong (1868-1924), general closely linked to
Yuan Shikai / / / | / / / during his unsuccessful 1915
bid for Empire
ji$ f%n sh improper fraction (with numerator &ge /
denominator, e.g. seven fifths) / see also: proper fraction / / /
| / / / [zhen1 fen1 shu4] and mixed number / / / | /
/ / [dai4 fen1 shu4]
c d!o png name of "knife" radical in Chinese characters
(Kangxi radical 18), occurring in / , / , p / etc / see also /
[dao1]
[ li$ng sh%ng li class Amphibia / also written / / / |[ /
/ / [liang3 qi1 lei4]
Lng h q# Linghe district of Jinzhou city / / / | / /
/ , Liaoning
Lng h$i sh Linghai county level city in Jinzhou / / | /
/ , Liaoning
k$i ln si keirin cycle race (paced stadium event) / translit. of
Japanese / / / / / / | /
Li Gu!ng d Liu Guangdi, one of the Six Gentlemen Martyrs
/ / / / / of the unsuccessful reform movement of 1898
ji! jn r erhua variant of / / | / / [jia1 jin4]
Ji! l! h$n Leo Karakhan (1889-1937), Soviet ambassador to
China 1921-26, executed in Stalin's 1937 purge
Ji! t ln Gatling (name) / Richard J. Gatling (1818-1903),
inventor of the Gatling gun
L w%i y% Urbain Le Verrier (1811-1877), French
mathematician and astronomer who predicted the position of Neptune

B"i zhn sh Beizhen county level city in Jinzhou / / | /
/ , Liaoning
sh ti!n g!n the 10 heavenly stems / , / , / , / , /
, / , / , / , / , / (used cyclically in the calendar and as
ordinal number like Roman I, II, III)
G( t$ q# Guta district of Jinzhou city / / / | / / /
, Liaoning
G( d%ng b$o Gutenberg (name) / Johannes Gutenberg (c.
1400-1468), inventor in Europe of the printing press / Beno
Gutenberg (1889-1960), German-born US seismologist, coinventor of
the Richter magnitude scale
S' g t Scott (name) / Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832), Scottish
romantic novelist
Tng wn gu$n the first modern Chinese library established
in 1898 by William A.P. Martin / / / | / / / , becoming
the foundation for Beijing University library
W Ji! j'ng Wu Jiajing (1618-1684), early Qing dynasty poet
W Y zh!ng Wu Yuzhang (1878-1966), writer, educator and
communist politician
W Ji$n rn Wu Jianren (1867-1910), late Qing dynasty
novelist, author of The strange state of the world witnessed over 20
years / / / / / / / / / | / / / / / /
/ / &
d!i hu r see / / / | / / / [dai1 hui4 r5]
Chng gng xin Chenggong county in Kunming / /
[Kun1 ming2], Yunnan
Zh)u Chun y'ng Zhou Chuanying (1912-1988), Kunqu /
/ opera actor
[ Zh)u Shu ju!n Zhou Shoujuan (1895-1968), writer,
translator and art collector in Suzhou, a victim of the cultural
revolution
H shn xin Heshun county in Jinzhong / / | / /
[Jin4 zhong1], Shanxi
Sh!ng nn Xin Shangnan County in Shangluo / /
[Shang1 luo4], Shaanxi
Sh!ng zh)u Q# Shangzhou District of Shangluo City / /
/ [Shang1 luo4 Shi4], Shaanxi
T$n b l! Tambora, volcano on Indonesian island of
Sumbawa / / / , whose 1815 eruption is greatest in recorded
history
A' "r j'n James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin (1811-1863), British
High Commissioner to China who ordered the looting and destruction
of the Old Winter Palace Yuanmingyuan / / / | / / g / in
1860 / Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin (1766-
T$ li l$ng Talleyrand (name) / Prince Charles Maurice de
Talleyrand-P / rigord (1754-1838), famous French diplomat who
served in turn Louis XVI, the French revolution Napol / on I and
three subsequent French kings
| Shu yng xin Shouyang county in Jinzhong / / | /
/ [Jin4 zhong1], Shanxi
Xi y xin Xiayi county in Shangqiu / / [Shang1 qiu1],
Henan
D w! xin Dawa county in Panjin / / | / / , Liaoning

Ti h q# Taihe district of Jinzhou city / / / | / /
/ , Liaoning
Ti g( xin Taigu county in Jinzhong / / | / / [Jin4
zhong1], Shanxi
A w%i "r Orwell (name) / George Orwell (1903-1950), British
novelist, author of Animal farm / / / / | / / / / and
1984 / / / /
A to x Ordovician system (geology) / see / / / | /
/
W%i Tu* m$ Sir Thomas Francis Wade (1818-1895), British
diplomat and sinologist, originator of the Wade-Giles Chinese
romanization system
W%i lng dn Wellington (name) / Arthur Wellesley, Duke of
Wellington (1769-1851)
q An1 nng sh Anning county level city in Kunming / /
[Kun1 ming2], Yunnan
An1 Zhng g%n An Jung-geun or Ahn Joong-keun (1879-
1910), Korean independence activist, famous as assassin of
Japanese prime minister IT, / Hirobumi / / / / [Yi1 teng2
Bo2 wen2] in 1909
Sng s ji! four famous Song calligraphers, namely: Su Shi
/ / | / / [Su1 Shi4], Huang Tingjian / / / | / / /
[Huang2 Ting2 jian1], Mi Fu / / [Mi3 Fu2] and Cai Xiang / /
[Cai4 Xiang1]
Gu!n d q# Guandu district of Kunming city / / /
[Kun1 ming2 shi4], Yunnan
Dng yu$n yng old name of Bayan Hot / / / / | /
/ / / [Ba1 yan4 Hao4 te4], capital of Alxa League / / /
/ [A1 la1 shan4 Meng2], Inner Mongolia
Y ling xin Yiliang county in Kunming / / [Kun1 ming2],
Yunnan
F mn xin Fumin county in Kunming / / [Kun1 ming2],
Yunnan
q Nng lng xin Ningling county in Shangqiu / / [Shang1
qiu1], Henan
Xn din xin Xundian Hui and Yi autonomous county in
Kunming / / [Kun1 ming2], Yunnan
du jn r erhua variant of / / | / / [dui4 jin4]
xi$o d!o hu Dagger Society, anti-Qing secret society who
mounted an unsuccessful rebellion in 1855
Y&n P( shn Yun Poseon (1897-1990), South Korean
Democratic party politician, mayor of Seoul from 1948, president
1960-1962
N "r xn Nelson or Nillson (name) / Horatio Nelson (1758-
1805), British naval hero
| Sh!n yng Xin Shanyang County in Shangluo / /
[Shang1 luo4], Shaanxi
Yu p( h Yopurgha nahiyisi (Yopurga county) in Kashgar
prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west
Xinjiang
S)ng mng xin Songming county in Kunming / / [Kun1
ming2], Yunnan
Zu* qun xin Zuoquan county in Jinzhong / / | / /
[Jin4 zhong1], Shanxi
B! ch( xin Maralbeshi nahiyisi (Maralbexi county) in
Kashgar prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4
qu1], west Xinjiang
b! du sh( Croton, genus of evergreen bush of
Euphorbiaceae family / / / [da4 ji3 ke1]
b! du sh croton bush (Croton tiglium), evergreen bush of
Euphorbiaceae family / / / [da4 ji3 ke1], with seed having
strong purgative properties
B h! ln Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (1888-1938), Soviet
revolutionary theorist, executed after a show trial in 1937
P ni "r Parnell (name) / Charles Stewart Parnell (1846-
1891), Irish nationalist politician
Png b xin Pingba county in Anshun / / | / / [An1
shun4], Guizhou
Png yo xin Pingyao county in Jinzhong / / | / /
[Jin4 zhong1], Shanxi
K!ng Gu$ng rn Kang Guangren (1867-1898), younger
brother of Kang Youwei / / / | / / / [Kang1 You3 wei2]
and one of the Six Gentlemen Martyrs / / / / / of the
unsuccessful reform movement of 1898
K!ng tu) "r Cantor (name) / Georg Cantor (1845-1918),
German mathematician, founder of set theory / / / | / /
/ [ji2 he2 lun4]
Zh!ng Ti li Zhang Tailei (1898-1927), founding member of
Chinese communist party
) Png Y$ng )u Peng Yangou, late Qing novelist, author of
Black register of lost souls / / /
hu bian r erhua variant of / / | / / [hou4 bian5]
hu g)u r erhua variant of / / | / / [hou4 gou1]
@ X J y Xu Jiyu (1795-1873), Chinese geographer
gui sh( sh( see / / / [guai4 shu1 shu5]
i d sh%ng Edison (name) / Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931)

xin zh!ng pi the Chartist movement (in the 1840s in
England)
d$ b$ shi variant of / / / | / / / [da3 ba3 shi5]
L! f$ g Lafargue (name) / Paul Lafargue (1842-1911),
French socialist and revolutionary activist, son-in-law of Karl Marx
L! gi "r Laguerre (name) / Edmond Laguerre (1834-1886),
French mathematician
c$i zh# rn the Pearl Fishers, 1863 opera by Georges Bizet
/ / [Bi4 cai2]
tn k*u q to sound out opinions / to get sb's views by polite
or indirect questioning / also written / / / | / / / [tan4
kou3 feng1]
F( shn xin Fushun county in Fushun / / | / / ,
Liaoning
S' t$n y'n Stein (name) / Marc Aurel Stein (1862-1943),
British adventurer and archaeologist who explorer Xinjiang in early
20th century
X'n f( q# Xinfu district of Fushun city / / / | / / /
, Liaoning
X'n b'n xin Xinbin county in Fushun / / | / / ,
Liaoning
Mng Rn z)ng Ming Renzong, Temple name of fourth Ming
emperor Zhu Gaochi / / / | / / / [Zhu1 Gao1 chi4]
Mng X' z)ng Ming Xizong, Temple name of fifteenth Ming
emperor Tianqi / / / | / / / [Ming2 Tian1 qi3]
h#n shu bng sleeping sickness / African trypanosomiasis /
see also / / / / / | / / / / / [Fei1 zhou1 zhui1
chong2 bing4]
| X' yng xin Xiyang county in Jinzhong / / | / / [Jin4
zhong1], Shanxi
q Jn nng xin Jinning county in Kunming / / [Kun1
ming2], Yunnan
P( dng xin Puding county in Anshun / / | / / [An1
shun4], Guizhou
Zh shn x'ng Pallas, an asteroid, discovered in 1802 by H.W.
Olbers
Co Jng hu Cao Jinghua (1897-1987), translator from
Russian, professor of Beijing University and essayist
Co Y zh!ng Cao Yuzhang (1924-), modern writer and
publisher, author of narrative history / / / /
Z%ng Xio g( Zeng Xiaogu (1873-1937), actor and pioneer of
Chinese drama in New Culture style
Z%ng J z Cang Jize or Tseng Chi-tse (1839-1890), pioneer
diplomat of late Qing, serve as imperial commissioner (ambassador)
to UK, France and Russia
f t! lng voltaren, a trade name for diclofenac sodium, a non-
steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to reduce swelling and as pain-
killer / also called / /
Wng hu! q# Wanghua district of Fushun city / / / |
/ / / , Liaoning
M zh xin Muzha line, also Taipei Metro Muzha Line
(TRTS, / / / / / / / )
Zh# Yu xio personal name of fifteenth Ming emperor Tianqi
/ / / | / / / [Ming2 Tian1 qi3] (1605-1627), reigned
1620-1627
Zh# Q zhn Zhu Qizhen, personal name of sixth and eighth
Ming emperor Zhengtong / / | / / [Zheng4 Tong3],
afterwards Tianshun Emperor / / | / / [Tian1 shun4] (1427-
1464), reigned 1435-1449 and 1457-1464
L& B yun Li Boyuan or Li Baojia / / / | / / /
(1867-1906), late Qing journalist, novelist and social observer, author
of Observations on the current state of officialdom / / / /
/ | / / &
L& Ji rn Li Jieren (1891-1962), novelist
L& Sh# tng Liu Shutong (1880-1942), painter, Buddhist monk
and distinguished figure in New Culture Movement after the Xinhai
Revolution / / / / [Xin1 hai4 Ge2 ming4] of 1911
L& B$o ji! Li Boyuan / / / or Li Baojia (1867-1906), late
Qing journalist, novelist and social observer, author of Observations
on the current state of officialdom / / / / / | / / /
/
] L& Chng w$n Syngman Rhee (1875-1965), US trained
Korean politician and dictator, president of Republic of Korea 1948-
1960
L& R( zh%n Li Ruzhen (c. 1763-c. 1830), Qing novelist and
phonologist, author of fantasy novel Jinghua Yuan / / / | /
/ / or Flowers in the Mirror
D)ng chu!n q# Dongchuan district of Kunming city / /
/ [Kun1 ming2 shi4], Yunnan
D)ng zh)u q# Dongzhou district of Fushun city / / /
| / / / , Liaoning
Zh chng xin Zhecheng county in Shangqiu / /
[Shang1 qiu1], Henan
Zh shu& Xin Zhashui County in Shangluo / / [Shang1
luo4], Shaanxi
K% Sho mn Ke Shaomin (1850-1933), modern historian,
author of New history of the Yuan dynasty / /
g Ling yun q# Liangyuan district of Shangqiu city / / /
[Shang1 qiu1 shi4], Henan
Mi x' y% Charles Messier (1730-1817), French astronomer
who catalogued nebulas and galaxies
Mi x' y Charles Messier (1730-1817), French astronomer
who catalogued nebulas and galaxies
Yng Sh%n xi Yang Shenxiu, one of the Six Gentlemen
Martyrs / / / / / of the unsuccessful reform movement of
1898
j Y c q# Yuci district of Jinzhong city / / / | / / /
[Jin4 zhong1 shi4], Shanxi
j Y sh xin Yushe county in Jinzhong / / | / / [Jin4
zhong1], Shanxi
j zi zh' orange juice / CL: / [ping2], / [bei1], /
[guan4], / [he2] / see also / / [cheng2 zhi1]
Dun Y ci Duan Yucai (1735-1815), author of Commentary
on Shuowen Jiezi (1815) / / / / / | / / / / /
[Shuo1 wen2 Jie3 zi4 Zhu4]
Mo s xing statue of Chairman Mao Zedong (1893-1976)
/ / / | / / / [Mao2 Ze2 dong1]
Mn qun xin Minquan county in Shangqiu / / [Shang1
qiu1], Henan
lu:4 !n tng see / / / [lu:4 an4 tong2] / ketamine
Y*ng chng sh Yongcheng county level city in Shangqiu /
/ [Shang1 qiu1], Henan
Qn shu& xin Qinshui county in Jincheng / / | / /
[Jin4 cheng2], Shanxi
Sh"n B$o zh%n Shen Baozhen (1820-1879), Qing Minister of
the Navy, founded Fuzhou Naval College / / / / | / /
/ / [Chuan2 zheng4 Xue2 tang2] in 1866
mi jn r erhua variant of / / | / / [mei2 jin4]
b) z' mn Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906)
Lu ln c Lorentz (name) / Hendrik Lorentz (1853-1928),
Dutch physicist, 1902 Nobel laureate
Lu nn Xin Luonan County in Shangluo / / [Shang1
luo4], Shaanxi
Hng Ling j Hong Liangji (1746-1809), poet and historian
Q'ng yun xin Qingyuan county in Fushun / / | / / ,
Liaoning
Q'ng Ti z( posthumous title of Nurhaci / / / / | /
/ / / (1559-1626), founder and first Khan of the Manchu Later
Jin dynasty / / | / / (from 1616)
| ji$n y! bng decompression sickness / the bends / also /
/ / || / / / [jian3 ya1 zheng4]
| ji$n y! zhng decompression sickness / the bends / also /
/ / || / / / [jian3 ya1 bing4]
hn qi r variant of / / / | / / / [hun2 qiu2 r5]
T!ng Y ln Tang Yulin (1871-1937), minor warlord in
northeast China, sometime governor of Chengde / / , mostly
poor in battle but very successful at accumulating personal wealth
y g)u r variant of / / / | / / / [yu2 gou1 r5]
Hn n b Hannibal (name) / Hannibal Barca (247-183 BC),
Carthaginian general
Z zh)u xin Zezhou county in Jincheng / / | / /
[Jin4 cheng2], Shanxi
Z p( xin Poskam nahiyisi (Poskam county) in Kashgar
prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west
Xinjiang
[ Zo shn x'ng Vesta, an asteroid, second most massive
object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, discovered in
1807 by H.W. Olbers
W# l! t Urat plain in Bayan Nur / / / / | / / /
/ [Ba1 yan4 nao4 er3], Inner Mongolia / also Urat Front, Center
and Rear banners
wn j' b"n alkyl benzene / dodecylbenzene C18H30
Xing Chng j' Xiong Chengji (1887-1910), anti-Qing
revolutionary and martyr
R "r wi Gervais (name) / Paul Gervais (1816-1879), French
geologist
ni z$i k jeans / CL: / | / [tiao2] / also written / / | /
| / /
jing jn r erhua variant of / / | / / [jiang4 jin4]
D G)ng An4 Dee Gong An (or Judge Dee's) Cases, 18th
century fantasy featuring Tang dynasty politician Di Renjie / /
/ | / / / [Di2 Ren2 jie2] as master sleuth, translated by R.H.
van Gulik as Three Murder Cases Solved by Judge Dee
d t& z a primary (independently formed) character - i.e. a
pictogram / / or ideogram /
wn y r variant of / / / | / / / [wan2 yi4 r5]
Lng W%i l& Captain William M Lang (1843-), British adviser to
the Qing north China navy / / / / | / / / / during
the 1880s
Li qi gu Ry# / ky# / kingdom 1429-1879 (on modern
Okinawa)
W$ d x' Waldersee (name) / Alfred Graf Von Waldersee
(1832-1904), commander-in-chief of the Eight-Nation Alliance / /
/ / | / / / / [Ba1 guo2 Lian2 jun1]
Sh# l xin Shule county in Kashgar prefecture / / /
/ | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west Xinjiang
Sh# f xin Shufu county in Kashgar prefecture / / /
/ | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west Xinjiang
y&n tu r erhua variant of / / | / / [yin3 tou2]
] Hung Ti j Hong Taiji (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci
/ / / / | / / / / , reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan
of Later Jin dynasty / / | / / , then founded the Qing dynasty
/ / and re
Pn sh!n xin Panshan county in Panjin / / | / / ,
Liaoning
Pn lng q# Panlong district of Kunming city / / /
[Kun1 ming2 shi4], Yunnan
sh"ng jn r erhua variant of / / | / / [sheng3 jin4]
mi x'n ln ! / j / ! / or ajna, the brow or third eye chakra
/ / / , residing in the forehead / also written / / / | / /
/ [mei2 jian1 lun2]
zh%n f%n sh proper fraction (with numerator < denominator,
e.g. five sevenths) / see also: improper fraction / / / | / /
/ [jia3 fen1 shu4] and mixed number / / / | / / /
[dai4 fen1 shu4]
| Su' yng q# Suiyang district of Shangqiu city / / /
[Shang1 qiu1 shi4], Henan
Sh ln xin Shilin Yi autonomous county in Kunming / /
[Kun1 ming2], Yunnan
Sh Y k#n Shi Yukun (probably c. 1810-c. 1871), Qing
pinghua / / | / / master storyteller
Dng k*u xin Dengkou county in Bayan Nur / / / /
| / / / / [Ba1 yan4 nao4 er3], Inner Mongolia
L qun xin Luquan Yi and Miao autonomous county in
Kunming / / [Kun1 ming2], Yunnan
F s' t Foster or Forster (name) / Stephen Collins Foster
(1826-1864), American composer
G( shn x'ng Ceres, dwarf planet in the asteroid belt between
Mars and Jupiter, discovered in 1801 by G. Piazzi
W) ku ti / gedei Khan (1186-1242), a son of Genghis
Khan
l d!o png name of "knife" radical in Chinese characters
(Kangxi radical 18), occurring in / , / , p / etc / see also /
[dao1]
Zh!ng Sh zh!o Zhang Shizhao (1881-1973), revolutionary
journalist in Shanghai, then established writer
Zh!ng Ti yn Zhang Taiyan (1869-1936), scholar, journalist,
revolutionary and leading intellectual around the time of the Xinhai
revolution
Zh!ng B&ng ln Zhang Taiyan / / / (1869-1936),
scholar, journalist, revolutionary and leading intellectual around the
time of the Xinhai revolution
M& g!o yng Mikoyan (name) / Anastas Ivanonovich Mikoyan
(1895-1978), Soviet politician, politburo member in the 1950s and
1960s / Artem Ivanovich Mikoyan (1905-1970), brother of the
politician and one designer of MiG military aircraft
N "r xn Horatio Nelson (1758-1805), British naval hero
wi t! mng variant of / / / | / / / [wei2 ta1
ming4]
Lu Y' xi Luo Yixiu (1889-1910), Mao Zedong's first wife
Y xin lng Yixianosaurus, genus of theropod dinosaur from
Yi county / / | / / , Jinzhou / / | / / , west Liaoning

Zhi l& s' Herbert Allen Giles (1845-1935), British diplomat and
linguist, contributor to the Wade-Giles Chinese romanization system
K$o wn chu Coventry city in West Midlands / / / /
/ | / / / / / [Xi1 mi3 de2 lan2 zi1], UK
t'ng xi$o g( ossicles (of the middle ear) / three ossicles,
acting as levers to amplify sound, namely: stapes or stirrup bone /
/ | / / , incus or anvil bone / / , malleus or hammer bone
/ / | /
xin pio lng adenine nucleotide (A, pairs with thymine T /
/ / / in DNA and with uracil U / / / in RNA)
) X'ng lng ti Xinglongtai district of Panjin city / / / | /
/ / , Liaoning
Sh# Mng ln Shu Menglan (1759-1835), Qin dynasty writer,
poet and editor of Anthology of ci poems tunes / / / / | /
/ /
Y'ng j sh! Y / ngisar nahiyisi (Yengisar county) in Kashgar
prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west
Xinjiang
Sh! ch% xin Yeken nahiyisi (Yarkand county or Shache) in
Kashgar prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4
qu1], west Xinjiang
Li y' "r Lyell (name) / Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875), Scottish
geologist
Y chng xin Qaghiliq nahiyisi (Kargilik county) in Kashgar
prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west
Xinjiang
p tng n glucosamine / abbr. for / / /
Ci D)ng f!n Cai Dongfan (1877-1945), historian, author of
popular general history texts up until his own time
ni!n t( f"i scoundrel with an honest demeanor / see also /
/ / | / / / [nian1 r5 huai4]
Xu% dng Erwin Schr / dinger (1887-1961), Austrian
physicist
Xu% F chng Xue Fucheng (1838-1894), Qing official and
progressive political theorist
Y chng xin Yucheng county in Shangqiu / / [Shang1
qiu1], Henan
X' sh!n q# Xishan district of Kunming city / / / [Kun1
ming2 shi4], Yunnan
X' lu j Qing dynasty novel the Western Chamber by Yuan
Yuling / / / same as / / / | / /
X' xi q# Xixiu district of Anshun city / / / | / / /
[An1 shun4 shi4], Guizhou
@ x( qn f same as / g / / | / g / / , Xu Qinfu (1891-
1953), journalist and writer
g X( Qn f Xu Qinfu (1891-1953), journalist and writer
Tn X'n pi T / n X' / np / i (1847-1917), noted opera actor
fi jn r erhua variant of / / | / / [fei4 jin4]
Zho Yun rn Yuen Ren Chao (1892-1982), Chinese-
American linguist
Zho Er3 xn Zhao Erxun (1844-1927), modern historian,
compiled the Draft History of the Qing dynasty / /
jio jn r erhua variant of / / | / / [jiao4 jin4]
sho pi!o png Shao Piaoping (1884-1926), pioneer of
journalism and founder of newspaper Beijing Press / / | / / ,
executed in 1926 by warlord Zhang Zuolin / / / | / /
Gu) S)ng do Guo Songdao or Kuo Sun-tao (1818-1891),
China's first imperial commissioner (ambassador) to UK and France
Z)u T!o fn Zou Taofen (1895-1944), journalist, political
theorist and publisher
J'n Ti!n h Jin Tianhe (1874-1947), late Qing poet and
novelist, author of Flower in the sea of evil / /
J'n png xin Jinping Miao, Yao and Dai autonomous county
in Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture / / / / /
/ / / / / | / / / / / / / / / /
[Hong2
ku y$n r erhua variant of / / | / / [kou4 yan3]
chu g( b&ng manubrium of malleus (handle of hammer bone),
connecting ossicles / / / | / / / to tympanum /
qin chun r erhua variant of / / | / / [qian2 chuan4]

Zhn !n Xin Zhen'an County in Shangluo / / [Shang1
luo4], Shaanxi
q Zhn nng xin Zhenning Buyei and Hmong autonomous
county in Anshun / / | / / [An1 shun4], Guizhou
zh)ng d&ng wn bell-cauldron script / the / / form of
Chinese character used in metal inscriptions
zu!n jn r erhua variant of / / | / / , to study
enthusiastically
Chng g" sh Changge county level city in Shangqiu / /
[Shang1 qiu1], Henan
] K!i "r wn Lord Kelvin 1824-1907, British physicist (William
Thomson) / Kelvin (temperature scale)
3+ Gu!n l&ng xin Guanling Buyei and Hmong autonomous
county in Anshun / / | / / [An1 shun4], Guizhou
Chn Yn ln Chen Yunlin (1941-), Chairman of PRC
Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS) / /
/ / / / / / | / / [ / / 3 / / / / [hai3 xia2
liang3 an4 guan1 x
Lng chu!n xin Lingcuan county in Jincheng / / | / /
[Jin4 cheng2], Shanxi
L Zh%ng xing Lu Zhengxiang (1871-1949), Chinese
diplomat and Catholic monk
L Rng tng Lu Rongting (1858-1928), provincial governor of
Guangxi under the Qing, subsequently leader of old Guangxi warlord
faction
| Yng chng xin Yangcheng county in Jincheng / / | /
/ [Jin4 cheng2], Shanxi
y&n j#n zi recluse / hermit / used for homophone / / /
| / / / , opium addict
Shu!ng ti zi Shuangtai district of Panjin city / / / | /
/ / , Liaoning
Li nu ! Renoir (name) / Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919),
French impressionist painter
Lng sh xin Lingshi county in Jinzhong / / | / /
[Jin4 zhong1], Shanxi
Wi g n Alfred Wegener (1880-1930), German
meteorologist and geophysicist, the originator of the theory of
continental drift / also written / / / | / /
Hn Sh ch!ng Han Shichang (1897-1977), actor specializing
in Kunqu opera /
\ Hn F j( Han Fuju (1890-1938), Nationalist Kuomintang
(KMT) army general and governor of Shandong, executed by Chiang
Kai-shek / / / | / / / [Jiang3 Jie4 shi2] after he
abandoned Ji'nan to the Japanese
Hn B!ng qng Han Bangqing (1856-1894), writer and
publisher of experimental literary journal in classical Chinese and
Jiangsu vernacular, author of novel / / / / / | / / /
/
Shn chng q# Shuncheng district of Fushun city / / /
| / / / , Liaoning
E2 j n Ejin Banner in Alxa League / / / / [A1 la1
shan4 Meng2], Inner Mongolia (formerly in Gansu 1969-1979)
E2 "r j'n James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin (1811-1863), British
High Commissioner to China who ordered the looting and destruction
of the Old Winter Palace Yuanmingyuan / / / | / / g / in
1860 / Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin (1766-
M$ k qn Sir Hiram Maxim (1840-1916), American British
inventor of the Maxim machine gun
M$ s' ni Jules Massenet (1842-1912), French composer
G!o png sh Gaoping county level city in Jincheng / /
| / / [Jin4 cheng2], Shanxi
G!o B"n hn Bernhard Karlgren (1889-1978), distinguished
Swedish linguist and sinologist
G!o l cho Korean Goryeo / / dynasty, 918-1392
du q r variant of / / / | / / / [dou4 qu4 r5]
Wi g n Alfred Wegener (1880-1930), German
meteorologist and geophysicist, the originator of the theory of
continental drift
y xn q' variant of / / / | / / / [yu2 xun4 qi1]
Bo lu d'ng Borodin (name) / Alexander Borodin (1833-
1887), Russian chemist and composer
Bo lu tng Borodin (name) / Alexander Porfirevich Borodin
(1833-1887), Russian chemist and composer
ln ch m Lepidoptera (insect order including butterflies /
/ | / / and moths / / | / / )
ni$o pio lng guanine nucleotide (G, pairs with cytosine C /
/ / in DNA and RNA)
Mi g" t Mekit nahiyisi (Makit county) in Kashgar prefecture
/ / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west Xinjiang
hung j'n j#n the army of Yellow Turbans, a peasant uprising
at the end of later Han (from 184)
Hung Z#n xin Huang Zunxian (1848-1905), Qing dynasty
poet and diplomat, author of A record of Japan / / / / | /
/ / / , an extended analysis of Meiji Japan
H%i sh!n xin Heishan county in Jinzhou / / | / / ,
Liaoning
H%i shu& Chng ruins of Heishui Town of Xixia / / [Xi1
Xia4] people, in Ejin Banner / / / / | / / / / [E2 ji4
na4 Qi2], Alxa League / / / / [A1 la1 shan4 Meng2], Inner
Mongolia
Q b ln Zeppelin (name) / Graf Ferdinand von Zeppelin
(1838-1917), inventor of the Zeppelin dirigible airship
Png ji! li Henri Poincar / (1854-1912), French
mathematician, physician and philosopher
P li tu) Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923), Italian economist
Qio b! sh!n Choibalsan, city in Mongolia, capital of the
eastern aimag (province) of Dornod / Khorloogiin Choibalsan (1895-
1952), Communist leader of the Mongolian People's Republic (mid-
1930s-1952)
j zi shu& orangeade / orange squash / CL: / [ping2], /
[bei1], / [guan4], / [he2]
L$o f y title of respect for the queen mother or the
emperor's father / nickname for Empress Dowager Cixi / / /
/ [Ci2 xi3 Tai4 hou4]
wi n ln see / / | / / [wei2 lun2]
N Gu zh%n Ni Guizhen or Ni Kwei-Tseng (1869 - 1931),
mother of Song Ailing / / / | / / / [Song4 Ai3 ling2],
Song Qingling / / / | / / / [Song4 Qing4 ling2] and
Song Meiling / /
Ji$n + A Jane Eyre, novel by Charlotte Bront / / / / + /
/ /
Li f sh Stamford Raffles (1781-1826), British statesman
and founder of the city of Singapore / surname Raffles
Sho Pi!o png Shao Piaoping (1884-1926), pioneer of
journalism and founder of newspaper Beijing Press / / | / / ,
executed in 1926 by warlord Zhang Zuolin / / / | / /
h! l! zi (dialect) saliva / also written / / / [ha1 la2 zi5]
Bi lng min Baengnyeong township (South Korea) / see also
/ / / | / / / [Bai2 ling2 Dao3]
) p y$o bng tick-bite sickness / informal term for / / /
/ / / / / / / / | / / / / / / | / /
/ / / [fa1 re4 ban4 xue4 xiao3 ban3 jian3 sha
Ji( gu& ji( Jiugui Liquor, liquor company from / / [Ji2
shou3]
din hu ho m$ telephone number / CL: / [chuan4]
wi chng nin rn minor (i.e. person under 18)
wi z' q& y abbr. for / / / / / / | / / /
/ / / [wai4 shang1 du2 zi1 qi3 ye4]
Gu j M& ln FC Internazionale Milano (football club) /
abbr. for / / / / / / [ / / / | / / / / /
/ [ / / / [Guo2 ji4 Mi3 lan2 Zu2 qiu2 Ju4 le4 bu4]
A y'n s' t$n Albert Einstein (1879-1955), famous Austrian
physicist
Y! pin Zhn zh%ng the Opium Wars of 1840-1842 and
1860-1861
Ti png Ti!n gu Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851-1864)
y' g jn r erhua variant of / / / | / / / [yi1 ge4
jin4]
C x& Ti hu Empress Dowager Cixi or Ts'u Hsi (1835-
1908), regent 1861-1908
wi k% y' sh%ng surgeon / as opposed to physician / /
/ / | / / / / [nei4 ke1 yi1 sheng1], who works primarily
by administering drugs
N( "r h! ch Nurhaci (1559-1626), founder and first Khan of
the Manchu Later Jin dynasty / / | / / (from 1616)
G)ng y G mng Industrial Revolution, c. 1750-1830
F lu y' d Floyd (name) / Freud (name) / Dr Sigmund
Freud (1856-1939), the inventor of psychoanalysis
Tu) "r s' ti Tolstoy (name) / Count Lev Nikolayevich
Tostoy (1828-1910), great Russian novelist, author of War and Peace
/ / / / / | / / / /
s d mng zh the Four Classic Novels of Chinese
literature, namely: A Dream of Red Mansions / / / | / /
/ [Hong2 lou2 Meng4], Romance of Three Kingdoms / / / /
| / / / / [San1 guo2 Yan3
Ji$ w( Zhn zh%ng First Sino-Japanese War (1894-95)
Hu sh!ng Chn bo China Business Morning Post
(morning edition of China Business News / / / | / / / )
B! "r zh! k Honor / de Balzac (1799-1850), French
novelist, author of series La com / die humaine
Yng w Yn dng Self-Strengthening Movement (period
of reforms in China c 1861-1894), also named / / / / | /
/ /
s!n mn zh( y Dr Sun Yat-sen's / / / | / / /
Three principles of the people (late 1890s)
Mng zh wi x'n the Japanese Meiji restoration of 1868
B%i c$n Sh ji Les Mis / rables (1862) by Victor Hugo /
/ / / / / | / / / / / / [Wei2 ke4 duo1 + / Yu3
guo3]
zh Zhu wi nu: lit. helping tyrant Zhou / / / | /
/ / [Shang1 Zhou4 wang2] in his oppression (idiom) / fig. to take
the side of the evil-doer / giving succor to the enemy
G" li m"i ji$ng Grammy Award (US prize for music
recording) / also written / / / / | / / /
w wng gu ch& Never forget national humiliation, refers to
Mukden railway incident of 18th September 1931 / / / / /
| / / / / / and subsequent Japanese annexation of
Manchuria
G li m"i ji$ng Grammy Award (US prize for music
recording) / also written / / / / | / / /
B l! m( s' Brahms (name) / Johannes Brahms (1833-
1897), German romantic composer
Mi k s' wi Maxwell (name) / James Clerk Maxwell
(1831-1879), Scottish physicist and mathematician, the originator of
Maxwell's laws of electromagnetism and electromagnetic waves
D w xi k Antonin Dvo- / / k (1841-1904), Bohemian
composer, author of nine symphonies including the New World
symphony
hung j'n q& y Yellow Turbans peasant uprising at the end
of later Han (from 184)
Tu) lu c j' Leon Davidovich Trotsky (1879-1940), early
Bolshevik leader, exiled by Stalin in 1929 and murdered in 1940
Mn ji li f# Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907),
Russian chemist who introduced the periodic table
j d sh f%ng j&ng see / / / / | / / / / [da4
sha4 feng1 jing3]
B! l G)ng sh Paris Commune 1871, an unsuccessful
proletarian uprising against the French Third Republic
W x# Bin f$ Hundred Days Reform (1898), failed attempt
to reform the Qing dynasty
p' li p! la variant of / / / / [pi1 li5 pa1 la5]
wn f%ng b dng absolutely still / fig. not the slightest
change / also written / / / / | / / /
b$i nin sh rn It takes ten years to nurture a tree, but a
hundred years to train a man (idiom). A good education program
takes a long time to develop. / refers to the idiom / / / / ,
/ / / / | / / /
B$i r Wi x'n Hundred Days Reform (1898), failed attempt
to reform the Qing dynasty
tng b d!ng ch% a mantis trying to stop a chariot (idiom) /
to overrate oneself and attempt sth impossible / also written / /
@ / / | / / / / [tang2 bi4 dang3 che1]
p' m di xio to wear mourning clothes / to be in mourning
/ also written / / / / | / / /
wng f%ng b( y&ng see / / / / | / / / /
[bu3 feng1 zhuo1 ying3]
Du) m& n k Dominica / Dominican Republic / also written
/ / /
H l( xi$o fu Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971), secretary-
general of Soviet Communist Party 1953-1964
S' m Yu% s Joseph Smith, Jr. (1805-1844), founder of the
Latter Day Saint movement
Wi x'n Bin f$ Hundred Days Reform (1898), failed
attempt to reform the Qing dynasty
D)ng tio Y'ng j' Tojo Hideki (1884-1948), Japanese
military leader hanged as war criminal in 1948
F lu y' d Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), psychoanalyst
G!ng ti" Xu yun Beijing Steel and Iron Institute (the
former name of / / / / / / | / / / / / /
[Bei3 jing1 Ke1 ji4 Da4 xue2], University of Science and Technology
Beijing)
hung j'n mn bin the Yellow Turbans peasant uprising at
the end of later Han (from 184)
3 M$ gu!n Tio yu% Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895),
concluding the First Sino-Japanese War / / / / | / / /
/ [Jia3 wu3 Zhan4 zheng1]
Mng g% m$ l Bernard Montgomery (Montie) (1887-1976),
Second World War British field marshal / Montgomery or
Montgomerie (surname)
Zh)ng F$ Zhn zh%ng Sino-French War (1883-1885)
(concerning French seizure of Vietnam)
S!n xi w( y Sanxia wuyi (lit. Three knight-errants and five
righteous one), novel edited from stories of late Qing dynasty pinghua
/ / | / / master storyteller Shi Yukun / /
Sh z)ng d wng Sejong the Great or Sejong Daewang
(1397-1450), reigned 1418-1450 as fourth king of Joseon or Chosun
dynasty, in whose reign the hangeul alphabet was invented
Zh)ng F$ x'n yu% treaty of Tianjin of 1885 ceding Vietnam
to France
w( q' gn xio May 7 Cadre School (forcing educated
people into re-education and peasant labor during Cultural
Revolution) / abbr. for / / / / / / | / / / / /
/ [wu3 qi1 gan4 bu4 xue2 xiao4]
w( k*u t)ng sh!ng the five treaty ports forced on Qing
China by the 1842 treaty of Nanjing / / / / | / / / /
that concluded the First Opium War, namely: Guangzhou / / |
/ / , Fuzhou / / , Ni
J'ng Hng Yn h the Grand canal, 1800 km from Beijing to
Hangzhou, built starting from 486 BC
J'ng H g!o ti" Beijing and Shanghai express rail link
(projected) / abbr. for / / / / / / | / / / / /

H l( xi$o f# Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971), secretary-
general of Soviet communist party 1953-1964 / also written / /
/ / | / / /
k lo xi# s' Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888)
K l& p( s' Cripps (name) / Sir Stafford Cripps (1889-1952),
UK socialist politician
ni k% y' sh%ng medical doctor / physician who works
primarily by administering drugs, as opposed to surgeon / / /
/ | / / / / [wai4 ke1 yi1 sheng1]
qin bn sh$ng r erhua variant of / / / [qian2 ban4
shang3]
Ji! l& b) d Guiseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882), Italian military
commander and politician
B"i yng shu& sh' north China navy (esp. the ill-fated
Chinese navy in the 1895 war with Japan)
Nn j'ng tio yu% Treaty of Nanjing (1842) that concluded
the First Opium War between Qing China and Britain
K$ wn d sh Cavendish (name) / Henry Cavendish (1731-
1810), English nobleman and pioneer experimental scientist
G( j'n xi$o shu) Tales old and new by Feng Menglong /
/ / | / / / , collection of late Ming baihua / / | / /
tales
] ch zh f%ng yn variant of / / / / | / / /
/ [chi4 zha4 feng1 yun2]
Sh& m t li Agnes Smedley (1892-1950), US journalist
and activist, reported on China, esp. the communist side
chng g!o dio r erhua variant of / / / | / / /
[chang4 gao1 diao4]
hun y( h# f%ng to call the wind and summon the rain
(idiom) / to exercise magical powers / fig. to stir up troubles / also /
/ / / | / / / / [hu1 feng1 huan4 yu3]
Gu gng ni zhn Chinese Civil War, also known as War
of Liberation / / / / | / / /
A' s' t l$ng Anders Jonas Angstrom or / ngstr / m
(1814-1874), Swedish physicist
M su* l& n Benito Mussolini (1883-1945), Italian fascist
dictator, "Il Duce", president 1922-1943
Xi m sh sh Natsume S) / seki (1867-1916), one of the
first modern Japanese novelist
Du) mng n ji! Dominica / Dominican Republic / also
written / / /
D g# po ti Taku Forts, maritime defense works in
Tianjin dating back to the Ming dynasty, playing a prominent role
during the Opium Wars (1839-1860)
D x' b ! Scipio Africanus (235-183 BC), Roman general
and statesman
D hn D gu Korean Empire, from fall of Joseon dynasty
in 1897 to annexation by Japan in 1910
Ti!n j'n tio yu% Treaty of Tianjin of 1858, a sequence of
unequal treaties / / / / / | / / / / / between
Russia, USA, England, France and Qing China
Ti!n l L chng Pilgrim's Progress, 1678 novel by John
Bunyan (first Chinese translation 1851)
A Xi)ng D gu Austro-Hungarian Empire 1867-1918
A k!ng ni "r O'Connell (name) / Daniel O'Connell (1775-
1847), Irish nationalist and catholic activist
H$o b'ng Shui k The Good Soldier &Scaron / vejk
(Schweik), satirical novel by Czech author Jaroslav Ha&scaron / ek
(1883-1923)
z& dn hu* ch% bullet train / Shinkansen / / / | /
/ / , Japanese high-speed train
K*ng qu Wng cho Maurya Dynasty of India (322-185
BC)
xi$o r m b variant of / / / / | / / / /
infantile paralysis / polio (poliomyelitis)
T g ni f# Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev (1818-1883),
Russian novelist
Yu p( h xin Yopurgha nahiyisi (Yopurga county) in
Kashgar prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4
qu1], west Xinjiang
B! yn Ho t Bayan Hot, capital of Alxa League / /
/ / [A1 la1 shan4 Meng2], Inner Mongolia
B! f( Lu f# Pavlov (name) / Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-
1936), Russian experimental psychologist
B! ji" Z( zh' Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) /
abbr. for / / / / / / / / | / / / / / /
/ / [Ba1 le4 si1 tan3 Jie3 fang4 Zu3 zhi1]
X' "r b t David Hilbert (1862-1943), German
mathematician
X' "r b t David Hilbert (1862-1943), German
mathematician
d f$ nin jin Deutsch-franz / sische Jahrb / cher
(published once in 1844 by Karl Marx and bourgeois radical Arnold
Ruge)
D li f s' Dreyfus (name) / Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935),
French artillery officer of Alsatian and Jewish background, infamously
imprisoned 1894 in miscarriage of justice
xun ling c g( to study assiduously and tirelessly (idiom) /
see also / / / / / / / | / / / / / / /
[tou2 xuan2 liang2 , zhui1 ci4 gu3]
w x# zhng bin coup by Dowager Empress Cixi / /
/ / [Ci2 xi3 Tai4 hou4] ending the 1898 attempt to reform the
Qing dynasty
W x# Wi x'n Hundred Days Reform (1898), failed attempt
to reform the Qing dynasty
L! p( l! s' Pierre Simon Laplace (1749-1827), French
mathematician
L! g l$ng r Lagrange (name) / Joseph-Louis Lagrange
(1735-1813), French mathematician and physicist
pi Hu f$ n Chinese Exclusion Act, a US law restricting
Chinese immigration from 1882-1943
ch#n qi# w( b the Five Hegemons of the Spring and
Autumn period (770-476 BC), namely: Duke Huan of Qi / / /
| / / / , Duke Wen of Jin / / / | / / / , King
Zhuang of Chu / / / |.
P( sh y" m$ Przevalski horse (Equus przewalskii) wild
horse of Central Asia first identified in 1881 by Nikolai Mikhailovich
Przevalski / / / / / / / | / / / / / /
p( f$ zhn zh%ng Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)
t zu g!o yng scapegoat / sacrificial lamb / same as /
/
Cho xi$n Ti z)ng King Taejong of Joseon Korea (1367-
1422), reigned 1400-1418
L& x' hu f%n Ferdinand von Richthofen (1833-1905),
German geologist and explorer who published a major foundational
study of the geology of China in 1887 and first introduced the term
Silk Road / / / / | / / /
Hng j&n hu q Hanggin Rear banner or Xanggin Xoit
khoshuu in Bayan Nur / / / / | / / / / [Ba1 yan4
nao4 er3], Inner Mongolia
D)ng xin hn j Records of the Eastern Han, model for
History of Later Han / / / | / /
D)ng t# z( zh' abbr. for / / / / / / / /
/ | / / / / / / / / / East Turkestan liberation
organization ETLO, Chinese dissident group
Mi s' mi "r Mesmer (name) / Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-
1815), Austrian doctor who introduced hypnosis
| O# yng Y qin Ouyang Yuqian (1889-1962), Chinese
actor
W( wng f Zhu King Wu of Zhou / / / [Zhou1
Wu3 wang2] overthrows tyrant Zhou of Shang / / / | / /
/ [Shang1 Zhou4 wang2]
qi s& yun wng death wish (translated from English) /
Death wish, movie series with Charles Bronson is translated as /
/ / / | / / / / [Meng3 long2 guai4 ke4]
3 mi y*u gu!n xi see / / / | / 3 / / [mei2 guan1
xi5]
f sh%ng li j Six records of a floating life, autobiographical
novel and description of Qing dynasty life by / / | / \ / [Shen3
Fu4], published 1808
h$i shng q sh# literary journal published in 1892-93 by
Han Bangqing / / / | / / / featuring serialized novels in
classical Chinese and Jiangsu vernacular
G$ng Y'ng zhng f( British colonial administration of Hong
Kong 1837-1941 and 1945-1997
T!ng W( G mng the Tang and Wu Revolts: the
overthrow (c. 1600 BC) of the Xia Dynasty by the first king, Tang /
/ | / / [Shang1 Tang1], of the Shang Dynasty, and the
overthrow (c. 1046 BC) of the Shang Dynasty by the Zhou Dynasty
founder, King Wu
Wn *u zh' ji! Doll's House (1879), drama by Ibsen / /

Li qi wng gu Ry# / ky# / kingdom 1429-1879 (on
modern Okinawa)
i hn tio yu% Treaty of Aigun, 1858 unequal treaty forced
on Qing China by Tsarist Russia
sh%ng m& sh fn abbr. for / / / / / / | /
/ / / / / , lit. the raw rice is now cooked (idiom) / fig. it is
done and can't be changed / It's too late to change anything now.
Ji$ sh%n zhng bin unsuccessful and bloody Korean
palace coup in 1884 by westernisers against conservatives, crushed
by Qing troops
B n o f# Hugo Benioff (1899-1968), CalTech seismologist

f!n qi ch$o dn scrambled egg with fresh tomatoes (north
China) / same as / / / / / | / / / /
y wn di c interrogative pronoun ( / | / , / / | /
/ , Q / / |Q / / etc)
Bi xi!ng c p( Anthology of ci poems tunes (1795), edited
by Xu Menglan / / / | / / / , with 100 accessible poems
from Tang through to Qing times
F z Y j Fukuzawa Yukichi (1835-1901), prominent
Japanese westernizer, liberal educator and founder of Keio University

w) ku ti hn / gedei Khan (1186 / 1242), a son of
Genghis Khan
d y' gu j First international, organized by Karl Marx in
Geneva in 1866
wn f%ng b dng absolutely still / fig. not the slightest
change / also written / / / / | / / /
U tu) k! f%i y'n decaffeinated / decaf / see also / / U /
/ | / / U / / [wu2 ka1 fei1 yin1]
Z qing Yn dng Self-Strengthening Movement (period of
reforms in China c 1861-1894), also named / / / / | / /
/
) X'ng lng ti q# Xinglongtai district of Panjin city / /
/ | / / / , Liaoning
Chun zhng Xu tng Fuzhou Naval College, a.k.a.
Foochow Naval Dockyard School, set up in 1866 by the Qing dynasty

Y'ng j sh! xin Y / ngisar nahiyisi (Yengisar county) in
Kashgar prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4
qu1], west Xinjiang
ch g$o z%ng r same as / / , Mira (red giant star,
Omicron Ceti), variable star with period of 330 days
S "r k% q Nicolas Sarkozy (1955-), French UMP
politician, President 2007-2012 / also written / / / | / /
/ [Sa4 ke1 qi2]
@ Hng tng Tu sh assumed name of Sun Zhu / / | /
/ [Sun1 Zhu1] (1711-1778), poet and compiler of Three hundred
Tang dynasty poems / / / / / | / / / / /
[Tang2 shi1 san1 bai3 shou3]
Xn mn Zhng y'n Korean text HunMin JongUm
promulgated by Sejong Daewang in 1418 to introduce hangeul
du ku nin hu used erroneously for / / / / |
/ / / / , a girl's teenage years (idiom) / maidenhood / a
budding beauty
Fi "r b! h! Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872), materialist
philosopher
h l( xu" f# Nikita Sergeyevich Krushchev (1894-1971),
Secretary-General of Soviet Communist Party 1953-1964
Jn wi Wn m* Prince KONOE Fumimaro (1891-),
Japanese nobleman and militarist politician, prime minister 1937-
1939 and 1940-1941
D s' li l Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881), British
conservative politician and novelist, prime minister 1868-1880
X&ng sh Hng yn Stories to Caution the World, vernacular
short stories by Feng Menglong / / / | / / / [Feng2
Meng4 long2] published in 1627
Ti" xu z$i xing Iron Chancellor, refers to Otto von
Bismarck (1815-1898), Prussian politician, Minister-President of
Prussia 1862-1873, Chancellor of Germany 1871-1890
! s' b! t aspartame C14H18N2O (artificial sweetener)
A1 p( "r dn Appleton (name) / Sir Edward Appleton
(1892-1965), British physicist, Nobel laureate who discovered the
ionosphere
y&n hu! zh w Cryptogamae / cryptogamous plant (botany)
/ plants such as algae / / | / / [zao3 lei4], moss / / | /
/ [tai2 xian3] and fern / / | / / [jue2 lei4] that reproduce by
spores /
shu!ng lu:4 mi tng diclofenac pain-killer / also called /
/
Shu!ng ti zi q# Shuangtai district of Panjin city / / /
| / / / , Liaoning
E2 j n Q Ejin Banner in Alxa League / / / / [A1
la1 shan4 Meng2], Inner Mongolia (formerly in Gansu 1969-1979)
E2 j n H Ejin River in Alxa League / / / / [A1
la1 shan4 Meng2], Inner Mongolia
E2 f%i "r sh Everest (name) / Colonel Sir George Everest
(1790-1866), British Surveyor-General of India 1830-1843 /
transliteration refers to Mt Everest / / / / / | / / /
/ / , Mt Chomolungma or Qomolangma (Ti
M$ g "r n Earl George Macartney (1737-1806), leader of
British mission to Qing China in 1793 / Paul McCartney, former
Beatle
M$ ji "r n Earl George Macartney (1737-1806), leader of
British mission to Qing China in 1793 / Paul McCartney, former
Beatle
l j' zh' lun Liji rebellion in 657-651 BC, eventually defeated
by Duke Wen of Jin / / / | / /
G!o l Wng cho Korean Goryeo / / Dynasty, 918-
1392
Q ji$n j' pi du base pairing (e.g. adenine A / / / pairs
with thymine T / / / / in DNA) / base pair
Mi k m& ln McMillan or MacMillan (name) / Harold
Macmillan (1894-1986), UK conservative politician, prime minister
1957-1963
Mi k ! s General Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964), US
commander in Pacific during WW2, sacked in 1951 by President
Truman for exceeding orders during the Korean war
Mi "r wi "r Melville (name) / Herman Melville (1819-
1891), US novelist, author of Moby Dick / / | / / [bai2 jing1]

Mi g" t xin Mekit nahiyisi (Makit county) in Kashgar
prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west
Xinjiang
hung j'n zh' lun the Yellow Turbans peasant uprising at
the end of later Han (from 184)
H%i J Yu!n hn Black Register of Lost Souls, long novel
by Peng Yangou / / / | / ) / / about the destructive
influence of opium, published in 1897 and 1909
Y' tng B wn IT, / Hirobumi (1841-1909), Japanese Meiji
restoration politician, prime minister on four occasions, influential in
Japanese expansionism in Korea, assassinated in Harbin
K% p( t y( Coptic, Afro-Asiatic language of the Copts /
/ / / [Ke1 pu3 te4 ren2], spoken in Egypt until late 17th
century
F l bi "r surname Fr / bel or Froebel / Friedrich Wilhelm
August Fr / bel (1782-1852), German pedagogue
S!i wn t s' Cervantes / abbr. for / / / / / /
/ / / / / / / / / | / / / / / / /
/ / / / / /
b& l! x' t$n piracetam (loanword) / see / / / / /
/ / [yi3 xian1 an4 bi3 luo4 wan2 tong2]
J# l& F# ren Maria Sk/ / odowska-Curie or Marie Curie
(1867-1934), double Nobel prize-winner in Physics 1903 and
Chemistry 1911
r x fu r erhua variant of / / / | / / / [er2 xi2
fu5]
wi mng sh t'ng see / / / / | / / / /
[wei2 ming4 shi4 cong2]
P( l( s' t Marcel Proust (1871-1922), French author
F$ ln D f$ another name for / / / | / / /
[Fa3 lun2 Gong1]
W) ku ti hn / gedei Khan (1186-1242), a son of
Genghis Khan
+ IT, / Hirobumi (1841-1909), Japanese Meiji restoration
politician, prime minister on four occasions, influential in Japanese
expansionism in Korea, assassinated in Harbin
+ see / / / / / / | / / / / / /
[An1 ni2 + / Hai3 se4 wei1]
+ Sven Hedin (1865-1952), famous Swedish adventurer
and archaeologist, whose 1894-1900 Central Asian expeditions
uncovered Kroraina or Loulan / / | / / also written / / +
/ /
+ Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930), author of the
Sherlock Holmes stories / / / + / / / / / | / / /
+ / / / /
+ Helen Keller (1880-1968), famous American deaf-blind
author and activist (whose story is told in biopic The Miracle Worker)
+ Jane Austen (1775-1817), English novelist / also written
/ / / / / | / / / / / [Jian3 + / Ao4 si1 ting1]
Sh!ng w Yn sh# gu$n The Commercial Press,
Shanghai (from 1897)
] k!i fng yun di m$ see / / / / |] / / /
/ [kai1 fang4 yuan2 ma3]
Zh)ng gu Jio y w$ng abbr. for / / / / /
/ / / / / / | / / / / / / / / / /
/ [Zhong1 guo2 Jiao4 yu4 he2 Ke1 yan2 Ji4 suan4 ji1 wang3]
J'ng Hng D Yn h the Grand canal, 1800 km from
Beijing to Hangzhou, built starting from 486 BC
Gng ch$n d$ng Xu!n yn Manifesto of the Communist
Party / "Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei" by Marx and Engels
(1848)
j f%ng zh' jng c$o the storm put strong grass to the test
(idiom) / fig. troubled times test a faithful minister / to show one's true
colors after a stern test / also written / / / / | / / /

F lu x' lu f# Kliment Voroshilov (1881-1969), Soviet
politician and military commander
M su* "r s' j' Modest Mussorgsky (1839-1881), Russian
composer, composer of Pictures at an Exhibition
Ji( Y' b! Sh bin the Mukden or Manchurian Railway
Incident of 18th September 1931 used by the Japanese as a pretext
to annex Manchuria / also known as Liutiaogou incident / / /
/ / | / / / /
Qin Ji! s!n d ji! Three great poets of the Qianlong and
Jiaqing era (1735-1820), namely: Yuan Mei / / , Jiang Shiquan
/ / / | / / / and Zhao Yi / / | /
Y lu ho sh jin the Arrow incident of 1856 (used as
pretext for the second Opium War)
p Bi h ji li f# Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev (1857-
1927), Russian neurologist and psychiatrist
Tng G!o z( L& Yu!n Li Yuan (566-635), first Tang
emperor Gaozu, reigned 618-626
y$ ba ch' hung lin no choice but to suffer in silence
(idiom) / also written / / / / / | / / / / / (often
precedes / / / / / | / / / / / [you3 ku3 shuo1

y$ ba ch' hung lin no choice but to suffer in silence
(idiom) / also written / / / / / | / / / / / (often
precedes / / / / / | / / / / / [you3 ku3 shuo1

Gu j M& ln Du FC Internazionale Milano (football club)
/ abbr. for / / / / / / [ / / / | / / / / /
/ [ / / / [Guo2 ji4 Mi3 lan2 Zu2 qiu2 Ju4 le4 bu4]
Y du) l hung hu Queen Victoria (1819-1901), reigned
1837-1901
D ji( b$o L t)ng Oukubo Toshimichi (1830-1878),
Japanese politician
] F%ng b xng K!i j Closed Game / Double Queen Pawn
Opening (chess) / same as / / / / / / | / / / /
] /
Sh!n b"n W( sh li YAMAMOTO Isoroku (1884-1943),
Japanese admiral
Yn c!ng sh& ji tun the Iwakura mission (Japanese
diplomatic and exploratory mission to US and Europe of 1871)
B! yn Ho t Sh Bayan Hot, capital of Alxa League /
/ / / [A1 la1 shan4 Meng2], Inner Mongolia / also written /
/ / / / | / / / / / [Ba1 yan4 Hao4 te4 Zhen4]
B! yn Ho t Zhn Bayan Hot, capital of Alxa League
/ / / / [A1 la1 shan4 Meng2], Inner Mongolia
G)ng q'n wng Y x'n Grand Prince Yixin (1833-1898),
sixth son of Emperor Daoguang, prominent politician, diplomat and
modernizer in late Qing
w x# li j#n z& the six gentlemen martyrs of the failed
reform movement of 1898, executed in its aftermath, namely: Tan
Sitong / / / | / / / , Lin Xu / / , Yang Shenxiu /
/ / | / / / , Liu
Zh!o p' y% p k!ng Chao Phya Phra Klang, 18th century
Thai politician and writer
P( lu k% f%i f# Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953), Russian
composer
P( l& sh d n Pristina, capital of Kosovo / /
y*u k( shu) bu ch# having unspeakable bitter suffering /
(often used after / / / / / | / / / / / [ya3 ba5
chi1 huang2 lian2])
B"n y'n f!ng Xi c Honinbo Shusaku (1829-1862),
Japanese Go player
L& bo k ni x' Wilhelm Liebknecht (1826-1900), political
activist and founding member of the German Socialist Party SPD
li( tio g)u sh bin the Mukden or Manchurian railway
incident of 18th September 1931 used by the Japanese as a pretext
to annex Manchuria / also known as 9-18 incident / / / /

Chi k" f# s' j' Tchaikovsky (1840-1893), Russian
composer
Chi k% f# s' j' Piotr Ilyich Tchaikowsky (1840-1893),
Russian composer, composer of 6 symphonies and the opera
Eugene Onegin
mi y*u jn tu r erhua variant of / / / / | /
/ / / [mei2 you3 jin4 tou2]
| ji$n y! sh ji!n bi$o decompression schedule (diving) /
also called / / / / || / / / / [jian3 ya1 cheng2 xu4]
p Hn chng T bi sh Hanseong Metropolitan City, old
name for Seoul, capital of Korea / adopted new Chinese spelling /
/ | / / in 2005
Hn wn d Li hng Liu Heng (202-157 BC), the fourth
Han emperor Han Wendi, reigned 180-157 BC
W# l! t zh)ng q Urat Center banner or Urdyn Dund
khoshuu in Bayan Nur / / / / | / / / / [Ba1 yan4
nao4 er3], Inner Mongolia
W# l! t qin q Urat Front banner or Urdyn / mn / d
khoshuu in Bayan Nur / / / / | / / / / [Ba1 yan4
nao4 er3], Inner Mongolia
W# l! t hu q Urat Rear banner or Urdyn Xoit khoshuu
in Bayan Nur / / / / | / / / / [Ba1 yan4 nao4 er3],
Inner Mongolia
W# l! t c$o yun Urat plain in Bayan Nur / / /
/ | / / / / [Ba1 yan4 nao4 er3], Inner Mongolia
Sh' x'n wng L& ch Richard the Lionheart (1157-1199),
King Richard I of England 1189-1199
Sh ln f%ng j&ng q# Petrified forest scenic area in Shilin
Yi autonomous county / / / / / / / | / / / /
/ / / [Shi2 lin2 Yi2 zu2 zi4 zhi4 xian4] in Kunming / /
[Kun1 ming2], Yunnan
Fn d W$ "r s' van der Waals / Johannes Diderik van
der Waals (1837-1923), Dutch physicist
Su* "r rn n qn Alexandr Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008),
Russian writer, prominent Soviet dissident, author of the Gulag
Archipelago
A s%n ho w%i "r Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969),
US army general and politician, Supreme Allied Commander in
Europe during World War II, US President 1953-1961
] M w r wng cho Mughal or Mogul dynasty (1526-
1858)
M hu lu wi q Andrija Mohorovichich or Mohorovi. /
i0 / (1857-1936), Croatian geologist and seismologist who discovered
the Mohorovichich discontinuity or Moho
x' hng sh ch$o dn scrambled egg with fresh tomatoes
(south China) / same as / / /
Shu) wn Ji" z Zh Commentary on Shuowen Jiezi
(1815) by Duan Yucai / / / [Duan4 Yu4 cai2]
L& x' t hu f%n Ferdinand von Richthofen (1833-1905),
German geologist and explorer who published a major foundational
study of the geology of China in 1887 and first introduced the term
Silk Road / / / / | / / /
chng zh$ng Y xin lng Yixianosaurus longimanus,
theropod dinosaur from Yi county / / | / / , Jinzhou / /
| / / , west Liaoning
] K!i p( l dng lu:4 Kepler's laws of planetary motion
(1609, 1618)
M&n k% f# s' j' Minkowski (name) / Hermann Minkowski
(1864-1909), German mathematician
A1 f ji! d lu Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856), Italian
scientist, noted for contributions to molecular weight and molarity, the
originator of Avogadro's number / / / / / / | / /
/ / /
A1 l! shn Yu q Alxa Right Banner, Mongolian Alshaa
Baruun khoshuu, in Alxa League / / / / [A1 la1 shan4
Meng2], Inner Mongolia (formerly in Gansu 1969-1979)
A1 l! shn Zu* q Alxa Left Banner, Mongolian Alshaa Z
/ / n khoshuu, in Alxa League / / / / [A1 la1 shan4
Meng2], Inner Mongolia (formerly in Gansu 1969-1979)
A1 "r c h$i m Alois Alzheimer (1864-1915), German
psychiatrist and neuropathologist
shu!ng lu:4 f%n su!n n diclofenac sodium, a non-
steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to reduce swelling and as pain-
killer / also called voltaren / /
E2 j n D q# Ejin Banner in Alxa League / / /
/ [A1 la1 shan4 Meng2], Inner Mongolia (formerly in Gansu 1969-
1979)
m$ k s' w%i "r James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)
Hung gu* sh P b Huangguoshu waterfalls, Anshun
/ / | / / [An1 shun4], Guizhou
shn f%ng t g)ng du kamikaze / abbr. for / / /
/ / / / | / / / p / / / / [shen2 feng1 te4 bie2
gong1 ji1 dui4]
Treaty of Bayonne of 1866 / Treaty of Bayonne
Ji k Ln d#n Jack London (1876-1916), American
writer
D g# k*u po ti Taku Forts, maritime defense works in
Tianjin dating back to the Ming dynasty, playing a prominent role
during the Opium Wars (1839-1860)
An1 + H$i s w%i see / / / / / / [An1 ni2 + /
Hai3 se4 wei1]
B! y'n m$n d# h# Bayan Mandahu, village in Bayan Nur
/ / / / | / / / / [Ba1 yan4 nao4 er3], Inner
Mongolia, noted for Cretaceous dinosaur fossils
S' wn + H$i dng Sven Hedin (1865-1952), famous
Swedish adventurer and archaeologist, whose 1894-1900 Central
Asian expeditions uncovered Kroraina or Loulan / / | / /
also written / / + / /
S' wn + H dng Sven Hedin (1865-1952), famous
Swedish adventurer and archaeologist, whose 1894-1900 Central
Asian expeditions uncovered Kroraina or Loulan / / | /
K% nn + Do "r Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930),
author of the Sherlock Holmes stories / / / + / / / / /
| / / / + / / / /
H$i ln + K$i l% Helen Keller (1880-1968), famous
American deaf-blind author and activist (whose story is told in biopic
The Miracle Worker)
Zh%n + A s' t'ng Jane Austen (1775-1817), English
novelist / also written / / / / / | / / / / / [Jian3
+ / Ao4 si1 ting1]
M$ k + T( w%n Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne
Clemens 1835-1910), US writer, novelist and humorist, author of
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn / / / / + / / / / /
| / / / / + / / / &#
Yu% hn + L! bi John Rabe (1882-1950), German who
helped protect Chinese during the Nanking massacre period
+ William Faulkner (1897-1962), American novelist and
poet
+ see / / / / / / | / / / / / /
[An1 ni2 + / Hai3 se4 wei1]
Ji k S' lu f k Republic of Czechoslovakia (1918-
1992)
zh' shi ji sh l liang Knowledge is power, slogan
originally due to Francis Bacon / / / / + / / / | / /
/ / + / /
mng bu zhng yn bu shn unjustified and
undeserving of such description / identity or status is unverified, or
inconsistent in detail / unworthy of the title (or name), or reputation /
no valid reason as justification / words without weight / cf / / /
/ |
sh%ng m& zu chng sh fn lit. the raw rice is now
cooked (idiom) / fig. it is done and can't be changed / It's too late to
change anything now. / also written / / / / / / | / /
/ / /
1[ $n ma m' ba n m)u Om Mani Padma Hum (sanskrit),
or Om mani padme hum (Tibetan), the Avalokiteshvara mantra / also
written / / [ / / 1 / / / / [ / / 1 /
Zh)ng E2 Y' l tio yu% Treaty of Saint Petersburg of
1881, whereby Russia handed back Yili province to Qing China in
exchange for compensation payment and unequal treaty rights
Zh)ng E2 B"i j'ng tio yu% the Treaty of Beijing of 1860
between Qing China and Tsarist Russia
Zh)ng E2 g$i dng tio yu% Treaty of Saint Petersburg
of 1881, whereby Russia handed back Yili province to Qing China in
exchange for compensation payment and unequal treaty rights
w( q' gn b xu xio May 7 Cadre School (forcing
educated people into re-education and peasant labor during Cultural
Revolution) / abbr. / / / / | / / /
d qi shng de sh%ng w Life on Earth, 1979 TV
series by David Attenborough / / + / / / / | / / + / /
/ / [Da4 wei4 + / Ai4 deng1 bao3]
A' "r l$ng g%n g!ng l&ng Felix Klein's Erlangen program
(1872) on geometry and group theory
A' "r j'n d l& sh the Elgin Marbles, the Parthenon
marbles stolen in 1801-1810 by Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin
T$ sh k "r g!n xi!ng Taxkorgan township in Kashgar
prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west
Xinjiang
Ti!n j'n hu y zhu!n tio Tianjin agreement of 1885
between Li Hongzhang / / / | / / / [Li3 Hong2 zhang1]
and IT, / Hirobumi / / / / [Yi1 teng2 Bo2 wen2] to pull
Qing and Japanese troops out of Korea
D li f s' n jin Dreyfus affair 1894-1906, notorious
political scandal in France case involving antisemitism and
miscarriage of justice
kng R ji wng yn dng the Save the Nation anti-
Japanese protest movement stemming from the Manchurian railway
incident of 18th July 1931 / / / / / | / / / /
L! z' m f# s' j' Razumovsky (name) / Prince Andrey
Kirillovich Razumovsky (1752-1836), Russian diplomat
g$i dng Y' l tio yu% Treaty of Saint Petersburg of
1881 in which Russia agreed to hand back Yili province to Qing
China in exchange for compensation payment and unequal treaty
rights
S' wi "r d lu f# Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (1885-
1919), Bolshevik organizer, ordered the murder of the Tsar's family in
1918, died of Spanish influenza
Ji!ng nn s d ci z& Four great southern talents of the
Ming, namely: Tang Bohu / / / , Zhu Zhishan / / / ,
Wen Zhengming / / / | / / / and Xu Zhenqing / /
/ | / /
] Hung ti j Q'ng ti z)ng Hung Taiji (1592-1643),
eighth son of Nurhaci / / / / | / / / / , reigned
1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty / / | / / ,
then founded the Qing dynasty / / and re
Wi du) l y nu:3 wng Queen Victoria (reigned 1837-
1901)
Wi "r s' t l! s' Karl Weierstrass (1815-1897),
German mathematician
Lu b! qi f# s' j' Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky
(1793-1856), one of the discoverers of non-Euclidean geometry
N b l s' wng gu Kingdom of Naples (1282-1860)
L& w$ j' y tio yu% draft unequal treaty of Livadia
(Crimea) of 1879 between Russia and Qing China, subsequently
renegotiated
M$ w"i shu& sh' xu tng Mawei River naval college,
alternative name for Fuzhou naval college / / / / / /
| / / / / / / , set up in 1866 by the Qing dynasty
M$ "r k A li l Marcus Aurelius (121-180)
Q ji$n j' h b( pi du complementary base pairing e.g.
adenine A / / / pairs with thymine T / / / / in DNA
R l + Fn "r n Jules Verne (1828-1905), French
novelist specializing in science fiction and adventure stories, author of
Around the World in Eighty Days / / / / / /
K$ "r + M$ k s' Karl Marx (1818-1883), German
socialist philosopher, political activist and founder of Marxism
W%i lin + F k n William Faulkner (1897-1962),
American novelist and poet
An1 n + Xi f%i wi see / / / / / / [An1
ni2 + / Hai3 se4 wei1]
Wi k du) + Y( gu* Victor Hugo (1802-1885), French
writer
B"i j'ng Gu$ng b) Xu yun Beijing Broadcasting
Institute, former name of / / / / / / | / / / /
/ / [Zhong1 guo2 Chuan2 mei2 Da4 xue2]
Tu) m$ s' + H! di Thomas Hardy (1840-1928),
English author
Hung gu* sh D P b Huangguoshu falls, Anshun
/ / | / / [An1 shun4], Guizhou
1866 Treaty of Bayonne of 1866 / Treaty of Bayonne
+ Tolstoy (name) / Count Lev Nikolayevich Tostoy
(1828-1910), great Russian novelist, author of War and Peace /
/ / / / | / / / /
+ Charlotte Bront / (1816-1855), English novelist,
eldest of three Bront / sisters, author of Jane Eyre / + / / | / + /

+ Joris Ivens (1898-1989), Dutch documentary
filmmaker and committed communist
+ Joseph Stalin (1879-1953), Soviet dictator
+ Herman Melville (1819-1891), US novelist, author of
Moby Dick / / | / / [bai2 jing1]
+ Aldous Huxley (1894-1963), British novelist and
author of Brave new world / / / / / | / / / /
Shng h$i Sh!ng w yn sh# gu$n Commercial
Press, Shanghai (from 1897)
t)u j' b zho sh b$ m& see / / / / / /
/ | / / / / / / / [tou1 ji1 bu4 cheng2 shi2 ba3 mi3]
ti!n d)ng b"n b&ng r ti zh& aspartame C14H18N2O
(artificial sweetener)
Png bi!n mio z z zh xin Pingbian Mianzu
autonomous county in Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture
/ / / / / / / / / / | / / / / / / /
/ / / [Hong2 he2 Ha1 n
X'n b'n m$n z z zh xin Xinbin Manchu
autonomous county in Fushun / / | / / , Liaoning
P( "r r w$ "r s' j' Nikolai Mikhailovich Przevalski
(1839-1888), Russian explorer who made four expeditions to Central
Asian from 1870 / abbr. to /
H k*u Yo z z zh xin Hekou Yaozu autonomous
county in Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture / / /
/ / / / / / / | / / / / / / / / / /
[Hong2 he2 Ha1 ni2 z
Q'ng yun M$n z z zh xin Qingyuan Manchu
autonomous county in Fushun / / | / / , Liaoning
Sh ln Y z z zh xin Shilin Yi autonomous county
in Kunming / / [Kun1 ming2], Yunnan
Shng An1 de li s' dun cng San Andreas fault,
California / also written / / / / / / / | / / / /
/ /
Tu s' tu* y" f# s' j' Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky
(1821-1881), great Russian novelist, author of Crime and Punishment
/ / / | / / / [Zui4 yu3 Fa2] / also written / / /
/ / / / [Tuo2 si1 tuo3 ye1 fu
Tu s' tu* y% f# s' j' Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky
(1821-1881), great Russian novelist, author of Crime and Punishment
/ / / | / / / [Zui4 yu3 Fa2]
Li f# + Tu) "r s' ti Tolstoy (name) / Count Lev
Nikolayevich Tostoy (1828-1910), great Russian novelist, author of
War and Peace / / / / / | / / / /
G( s' t$ f# + Du) li Gustave Dore (1832-1883),
French artist and sculptor
A' k tu) + B lio z' Hector Berlioz (1803-1869),
French romantic composer, author of Symphonie Fantastique
Xi Lu t + B ling t Charlotte Bront / (1816-
1855), English novelist, eldest of three Bront / sisters, author of Jane
Eyre / + / / | / + /
Yu l& s' + Y' wn s' Joris Ivens (1898-1989), Dutch
documentary filmmaker and committed communist
A d hu + D l! d / douard Daladier (1884-1970),
French politician
N p ln + B) n b! Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-
1821), Emperor of France 1804-1815
S' t$n f + Li f sh Stamford Raffles (1781-1826),
British statesman and founder of the city of Singapore
Ch "r s' + D g%ng s' Charles Dickens (1812-1870),
great English novelist
Yu% s f# + S' d ln Joseph Stalin (1879-1953),
Soviet dictator
N s! n "r + Hu s!ng Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-
1864) American novelist and short story writer
Zh!n m( s' + Qio y' s' James Joyce (1882-1941),
Irish modernist writer, author of Ulysses and Finnegans Wake
H mn + Mi "r wi "r Herman Melville (1819-1891),
US novelist, author of Moby Dick / / | / / [bai2 jing1]
A1 do s' + H x# l Aldous Huxley (1894-1963),
British novelist and author of Brave New World / / / / /
| / / / / / [Mei3 li4 Xin1 Shi4 jie4]
M$ k s' + p( l$ng k Max Planck (1858-1947),
German physicist who first postulated quantization of energy
++ Edgar Allen Poe (1809-1849), American poet and
novelist
+ Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria (1863-
1914), heir to the Hapsburg throne, whose assassination in Sarajevo
led to World War I
+ Robert Frost (1874-1963), American poet
r lu:4 b"n n b"n y& su!n n diclofenac sodium
(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to reduce swelling and as
pain-killer) / also called voltaren / /
T$ sh k "r g!n z zh xin Taxkorgan Tajik
autonomous county (Tashqurqan Tajik aptonom nahiyisi) in Kashgar
prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1 shi2 di4 qu1], west
Xinjiang
[ J'n png Mio Yo D$i z zh xin Jinping Miao,
Yao and Dai autonomous county in Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous
prefecture / / / / / / / / / / | / / / /
/ / / / / / [Hong2
A' d ji! + A ln + P) Edgar Allen Poe (1809-
1849), American poet and novelist
F l& d l& x' + X l Friedrich Schiller or Johann
Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805), German poet and
dramatist
F$ ln x' s' + F"i d nn Archduke Francis
Ferdinand of Austria (1863-1914), heir to the Hapsburg throne,
whose assassination in Sarajevo led to World War I
Lu b t + F lu s' t Robert Frost (1874-1963),
American poet
18 Zero Under 18 Campaign
+ Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain
/ / + / / / | / / + / /
+ Agnes Smedley (1892-1950), US journalist who
reported on China, esp. the communist side
+ General Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964), US
commander in Pacific during WW2, sacked in 1951 by President
Truman for exceeding orders during the Korean war
Xn din Hu z Y z z zh xin Xundian Hui
and Yi autonomous county in Kunming / / [Kun1 ming2],
Yunnan
y ji! zh' zu , h hun w c If you want to
condemn sb, don't worry about the pretext (idiom, from Zuozhuan /
/ | / / ) / one can always trump up a charge against sb / Give a
dog a bad name, then hang him. / also written / / / / ,
L qun Y z Mio z z zh xin Luquan Yi and
Miao autonomous county in Kunming / / [Kun1 ming2], Yunnan
K "r t + W$ "r d h$i m( Kurt Waldheim
(1918-2007), Austrian diplomat and politician, secretary-general of
UN 1972-1981, president of Austria 1986-1992
A g n s' + Sh& m t li Agnes Smedley (1892-
1950), US journalist who reported on China, esp. the communist side

wn sh ji% bi , zh& qin d)ng f%ng everything is
ready, all we need is an east wind (idiom) / lacking only one tiny
crucial item / also written / / [ / / / / / / / | /
/ [ / / / / / /
Do g l! s' + Mi k ! s General Douglas
MacArthur (1880-1964), US commander in Pacific during WW2,
sacked in 1951 by President Truman for exceeding orders during the
Korean war
Xi!ng x' T( ji! z Mio z z zh zh)u Xiangxi
Tujia and Miao autonomous prefecture in northwest Hunan, capital
Jishou /
Z& yn Mio z B y' z z zh xin Ziyun
Hmong and Buyei autonomous county in Anshun / / | / /
[An1 shun4], Guizhou
q Zhn nng B y' z Mio z z zh xin
Zhenning Buyei and Hmong autonomous county in Anshun / /
| / / [An1 shun4], Guizhou
3 + Gu!n l&ng B y' z Mio z z zh xin
Guanling Buyei and Hmong autonomous county in Anshun / /
| / / [An1 shun4], Guizhou
18991907 Hague conventions of 1899 and 1907

y$ ba ch' hung lin , y*u k( shu) bu ch#
to be forced to suffer in silence / unable to speak of one's bitter
suffering / sometimes written / / / / / , / / / /
/ | / / / / / , / / / / &#
T$ sh k "r g!n T$ j k z zh xin
Taxkorgan Tajik autonomous county (Tashqurqan Tajik aptonom
nahiyisi) in Kashgar prefecture / / / / | / / / / [Ka1
shi2 di4 qu1], west Xinjiang
[ J'n png Mio z Yo z D$i z z zh xin
Jinping Miao, Yao and Dai autonomous county in Honghe Hani and
Yi autonomous prefecture / / / / / / / / / /
| / / / / / / / / / / [Hong2
L y + P !i "r + A1 "r d)u s!i Louis Pierre
Althusser (1918-1990), Marxist philosopher
1899 1899 Convention for the Pacific
Settlement of International Disputes
hung sh( lng g"i j' bi nin , mi !n
h$o x'n see / / / / / / / | / / / / / /
/ [huang2 shu3 lang2 gei3 ji1 bai4 nian2]
Tu) m$ s' + S t %n s' + A lu: t T. S.
Eliot (1888-1965), English poet
Committee of 18 of the Non-
aligned Countries on Namibia
1518(2003) Security Council
Committee established pursuant to resolution 1518 (2003)
}(2008-2018); 10-year strategic
plan and framework to enhance the implementation of the Convention
(2008-2018) / The Strategy