Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies End Semester Test-Analog Communications

Date: 23.11.2013 Course: E3Sem1EST Subject: AC (EC3101) Time: 3:00Hrs Max Marks: 60

1) In the spectrum of frequency modulated wave, which of the following is true? a) The carrier frequency component disappears when modulation index is large b) The amplitude of any sideband depends on the modulation index c) Carrier frequency component amplitude is independent of modulation index d) None

2) The difference between frequency modulation and phase modulation is? a) Purely theoretical because they are same in practice b) Lies in the transmitted power c) Lies in the poor audio response of phase modulation d) Lies in the different definitions of the modulation index

3) Which of the following statement is NOT true for FM? a) The J - coefficients (Bessel coefficients) cannot be negative b) The total bandwidth increases with increase in modulation index c) The transmitted power is independent of modulation index d) The J - coefficients (Bessel coefficients) will become zero

4) In FM, Maximum Frequency Deviation is? a) Proportional to amplitude of message signal b) Proportional to frequency of message signal c) Independent of frequency of message signal d) Both a & c

5) An AM signal and NBFM signals with identical carriers, message signals and modulation indices of 0.2 are added together, then the resultant signal can be closely approximated as ? a) WBFM b) SSB with carrier c) DSB-SC d) AM

6) As the modulation index of an FM signal with sinusoidal modulation is increased from zero to three, then the power in carrier frequency component will? a) Increase continuously b) Decrease continuously c) First increase attain a maximum value and then decrease d) First decrease, become zero and then increase

7) The correct sequence of subsystems in FM receiver is? a) Mixer, RF amplifier, Limiter, IF amplifier, Discriminator, Audio amplifier b) RF amplifier, Mixer, IF amplifier, Limiter, Discriminator, Audio amplifier

c) Mixer, RF amplifier, Limiter, IF amplifier, Discriminator, Audio amplifier d) RF amplifier, Mixer, IF amplifier, Discriminator, Limiter, Audio amplifier

8) Assertion: In a super heterodyne AM receiver a mixer with Local oscillator frequency of wC+wIFis used because (wCis incoming signal frequency wIFis intermediatefrequency) Reason: The separation between wCand image signal frequency should sufficiently large a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion b) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion c) Both Assertion and Reason are false d) Assertion is true but Reason is false

9) For a narrow band FM, if the message is having B.W of 100khz, then what could be the frequency deviation? a) 300Khz b) 150khz c) 105khz d)75khz

10) The single tone modulating signal m(t)=Am cos(2fmt) is used to generate the VSB signal s(t)= 0.5 AmAca cos[2(fm+fc)t]+ 0.5AmAc (1-a) cos[2(fc-fm)t], Where a is constant and a<1 then quadrature component of VSB signal s(t) is ?

a) -0.5AmAc (1-2a) sin(2fmt) b) 0.5AmAc (1-2a) sin(2fmt) c) 0.5AmAc cos(2fmt) d) 0.5AmAc (1-a) cos[2(fc-fm)t]

11) A NBFM is approximately defined as s(t) Ac cos(2fct) Ac sin(2fct)sin(2fmt). Find the ratio of maximum to minimum value of envelope of s(t) ? a) 1 +2 b) Ac c) Ac 1 +2 d) Ac / 12) In a certain experiment conducted with m(t)=Amcos(2fmt), Where fm=1KHz and increasing Am (starting from zero) it is found that carrier component of FM reduced to zero for the first time when Am=2 then find frequency sensitivity in Hz/Volts ? Take J1(1)=0.4401, J0(5.52)=0, J0(8.65)=0, J0(2.44)=0, J2(2)=0.3528 a) 1.22x103 b) 2.6x103 c) 0.5x103 d) 103

13) If m(t) = and phase sensitivity kp=8000 rad/volt (here all the notations are usual) then find maximum frequency deviation (f) of PM signal in KHz ?

e t

a) 4 b) 3.432 c) 3 d) 1

14) What bandwidth is needed for an FM signal that has a peak deviation of 3 kHz and handles audio signals from 200 Hz to 5kHz ? (a) 6 .4 kHz (b) 16 kHz (c) 10 kHz (d) 0.4 kHz

15) In circuit shown above the transformers are Centre tapped and the diodes are connected as shown in a bridge. If m(t) has frequency 400 Hz and p(t) has frequency fc=1Mhz. The output s(t) contains components at (assume all diodes are identical and ideal) ?

a) 1.0 MHz, 1000.4 kHz

b) 400 Hz, 1.0 MHz, 999.6 kHz c) 1.0 MHz, 1000.4 kHz, 999.6 kHz d) 1000.4 kHz, 999.6 kHz

16) A FM signal is defined as s(t) = 50cos[(2fct) +100sin(2fmt)], Where fc=500KHz and frequency of s(t) varies between 400 KHz - 600 KHz. If frequency sensitivity kf= 10 KHz/volt then find maximum frequency deviation (f) in KHz and message signal m(t) ? a) 200, 20sin (4x103t) b) 200, 20cos (4x103t) c) 100, 10cos (2x103t) d) 100, 50cos (2x103t)

17) Which of the following statements is/are NOT correct ? i) VSB modulation can be used for transmission of video signals ii) Exact spectrum calculation of angle modulated signals is rather difficult for general message signals (i.e., for non sinusoidal signals) iii) In the spectrum of FM signal each side band is separated by message bandwidth iv) If <<1, then J1 () o.5, Where is modulation index of FM signal v) Switching modulator followed by suitable band pass filter generates an AM signal a) only ii b) ii, iii, iv c) ii, iv, v

d) None

18) Which of the following statements are correct ? i) Practically mixers can be realized using non linear elements ii) For sinusoidal message signal the maximum frequency deviation (f) of PM signal depends on message frequency iii) We don't need ideal filters in VSB Modulation iv) In the spectrum of FM signal the amplitude of 4 thpair of side bands depends on J2(4)and J-2(4) v) PM signal cannot be generated using Frequency Modulator (FM signal generator) a) i, ii, iii b) i ,iii, iv, v c) i, iii, iv d) All are correct

19) An FM signal with carrier frequency fc , modulation index , message frequency fm and maximum frequency deviation f is passed through a frequency Tripler. The wave at the output of Tripler will have all the above mentioned quantities as follows (in the same order) a) 3fc, 3, fm, f b) 3fc, 3, fm, 3f c) 3fc, 3, 3fm, 3f d) fc, 3, fm, f

20) The Intermediate frequencies (IF) used in FM and AM systems respectively are? a) 10.7 kHz , 455 KHz b) 10.7 MHz, 455 KHz c) 10.7 kHz, 455 MHz d) 10.7 MHz, 455 MHz

21) what kind of noise is/are present in semi conductor a) thermal noise b) short noise c) both a) and b) d) none

is true when 22) m(t). c(t) = c(t).m(t) a) If m(t) and c(t) are having overlapping spectra and m(t) has higher frequency components than c(t). b) If m(t) and c(t) are having non-overlapping spectra and m(t) has higher frequency components than c(t). c) If m(t) and c(t) are having non-overlapping spectra and c(t) has higher frequency components than m(t) d) If m(t) and c(t) are having overlapping spectra and c(t) has higher frequency components than m(t)

23) cos (= ) a) sin(wt)

b) -sin(wt) c) cos(wt) d)-cos(wt)

24) Pre-envelope of {1- 0.5 sin(100t)} cos(1000t) is a) {1- 0.5 sin(100t)} sin(1000t) b) {0.5 sin(100t) - 1} sin(1000t) c) {0.5 sin(100t) -1} exp(j1000t) d) {1- 0.5 sin (100t)} exp(j1000t)

25) If x(t) is a real signal and y(t) = x(t) - j ( ), then the Fourier transform of y(t) has a) only positive frequency components. b) only negative frequency components. c) both positive and negative frequency components. d) none.

26) which of the following transfer functions belong to distortion less channel (Given K and to are constants). a) K b) K exp(-j2fto) c) both

d) none

27) A signal " cos(200t) + cos(300t) " is given as a input to a system having linear distortion. The output of the system will have components at the following frequencies. a) 100 Hz and 150 Hz. b) 100 Hz, 150 Hz, 50Hz and 250 Hz. c) 100 Hz, 150 Hz and 250 Hz. d) data insufficient.

28) Synchronous demodulator can be used for demodulation of which of the following amplitude modulation techniques. a) only AM with carrier, DSB-SC and SSB-SC. b) only DSB-SC and SSB-SC. c) only DSB-SC, SSB-SC, and VSB-SC d) AM with carrier, DSB-SC, SSB-SC and VSB-SC.

29) Synchronous demodulator consists of (options are given in the order of blocks from left to right) a) Multiplier and band pass filter. b) Multiplier and low pass filter. c) Band pass filter and multiplier. d) Low pass filter and multiplier.

30) In AM with carrier and modulation index less than equal to one. what is the maximum value of power efficiency. a) 33.33% b) 40.00% c) 25.00% d) 50.00%

31) A message signal m(t) = 2 cos(2000t) + cos(4000t) modulates a carrier c(t) = cos(4 106t) to produce a AM signal. For demodulating the generated AM signal using an envelope detector, the time constant RC of the detector circuit should satisfy. a) 1us << RC << 0.5ms. b) 1us << RC < 0.5ms. c) 0.5us << RC << 0.5ms. d) 0.5us << RC < 0.5ms. 32) A message signal given by m(t) =

[ cos(w1t) - sin(w2t) ] is amplitude

modulated with a carrier of frequency wc to generate s(t) = 2 [ 1 + m(t) ] cos(wct). What is the power efficiency achieved by this modulation scheme. a) 33.33% b) 20.00% c) 25.00% d) 11.11%

33) Consider the amplitude modulated signal " A cos(wct) + 3 cos(wmt) cos(wct) ". For demodulating the signal using envelope detector, the minimum value of 'A' should be. a) 0.5 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 Common Data for Question No.34 and 35 Consider The system shown below in figure(1) and answer the following?given H0(f) in figure 2.

Figure.1

Figure.2 34).when the input x(t) =d(t-),then what is b2and b1 respectively? a). cos(c) h0(t-), sin (c) h0(t-) b).sin(c)h0(t-),cos(c) h0(t-) c) sin(c)h0(t-),sin(c) h0(t-) d) cos(c) h0(t-), cos (c) h0(t-) 35).If the overall systems impulse response is h(t) that means y(t)=x(t)*h(t),then what is h(t)? a).h(t)=h0(t)sinct b).h(t)=2h0(t)sinct c).h(t)=h0(t)cosct d).h(t)=2h0(t)cosct

36) A band pass white noise PSD of an SSB channel (lower side band) is show in figure. Represent this signal in terms of in phase and quadrature components with the carrier frequency fc

a).The in phase component PSD will be

37) The Quadrature component PSD will be?

38)In a Superheterodyne receiver the image frequency of the received signal is 1650KHz,then what is the frequency at which this receiver is tuned to?(assume the Intermediate Frequency as 455KHz) a)700KHz b)740KHz c)660KHz d)910KHz

39)The Figure of Merit of the which modulation scheme is one? a)DSB-FC (AM)

b)DSB-SC c)SSB d)ALL THE ABOVE e)ONLY (A) AND (B)

40)Isotropic Antenna is used a)To radiate the power only in some directions b)To radiate the power equally in all directions c)To radiate the power only in a single direction d)None

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
ANSWER ANY FOUR OF THE FOLLOWINGQUESTIONS?

1). A Random process x(t) with the PSD shown in figure(1).is passed through a Band pass filter (fig.2) .determine the mean square values of the in phase and quadranture components of the output ? . Assume the center frequency in the representation to be 0.5MHz(5 marks)

Fig(2) 2.a)A white noise of PSD N/2 is transmitted through a band pass filter H(f) ,shown in the figure(1) .H(f) is having its magnitude value 5 at 95KHz,and 10 at 105KHz represent the filter output n(t) in terms of in phase and quadrant components and determine Snc(f),Sns(f),c2, s2, and 2 ,when the center frequency used in this representation is 100Khz(2.5 marks)

Figure1 2.b) Repeat the above problem . If the center frequency fc used in the representation is not a true center frequency and consider three cases (2.5 Marks) a). fc=105khz b). fc=95khz c) fc=120khz

3.a)

The above figure is a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and a message signal m(t)=Am sin(2fmt) plus a bias voltage Vbis applied to a pair of varactor diodes connected across parallel combination of inductor and capacitor to produce NBFM signal as shown in figure. The capacitance of each varactor diode is related to the voltage V (in volts) (i.e., V= Vb) applied across its electrodes by C=100 V-1/2 pf. The unmodulated frequency of oscillations is 1Mhz. Then determine magnitude of bias voltage Vb. [2.5 Marks] 3.b) Prove that FM and PM schemes are non linear modulation techniques. [2.5 Marks]

4.a) Derive the expression for series expansion of FM signal.(interms of Bessel functions) [3Marks] 4.b)Compare AM and Narrow Band FM mathematically and using phasordigrams?(2 Marks)

5. a)What is the bandwidth of the FM signal according to carsons rule?(1 Mark) 5.b)Derive the carsons rule? (4 Marks)

6.a)The signal x(t) = sinc(40t) is to be transmitted using AM with modulation index less than 1. Sketch the double sided spectrum of the amplitude modulated signal and find its transmission bandwidth(2.5 Marks) 6.b)Explain the working model of Super heterodyne Receiver?(2.5 Marks)

key
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. B

20. B 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. C or D 37. C or D 38. B 39. B or C 40. B