Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology Govt.

Engineering College Kottayam, Kerala

Seminar Report On

Biomass Gasifier

Submitted by Manu s. Roll no. 31 S7 mechanical

WBG 400 GASIFIER

The main biomass resources are

1) Wood, saw dust 2) Agricultural residues 3) Aquatic and marine biomass 4) Wastes: municipal solid waste, municipal sewage sludge, animal waste, industrial waste etc.

Species

Cellulose %

Hemi cellulose %

Lignin %

Ash %

Soft wood

41

24

27.8

0.4

Hard wood

39

35

19.5

0.3

Rice straw

30.2

24.5

11.9

16.1

Bagasse

33.6

29

18.5

2.3

Table 1: Composition of constituents in different biomasses

Biomass conversion routes

Biochemical
1) anaerobic digestion to methane 2) ethanol fermentation

Thermochemical
1)Pyrolisis 2)Gasification 3)Liquification 4)Ammonia production 5)Combustion

Chemical
1)Acid hydrolysis

Physical
1)Densification in to solid briquettes

Reaction zones of Gasifier

Types of Gasifiers

DOWN DRAFT CONCEPT

SCHEMATIC OF BIOMASS GASIFIER

Advantages of producer gas fuels

> Producer gas obtained from gasification of biomass can be used in dryers, kilns,
furnaces and boilers > Producer gas obtained is free from noxious substances and contaminants. > The internal combustion engine fueled by fuel gas from gasification have fewer emission compared to petroleum derivatives fueled engines. > Sulphur dioxide and NOx are normally absent in fuel gas from biomass gasification. > Using this producer gas it is possible to operate a diesel engine on duel fuel mode. Diesel substitution of the order of 80-85% can be obtained at nominal loads. > Mechanical energy derived from the producer gas can be used for driving water pumps, irrigation purposes or for coupling with an alternator for electrical power generation

Salient features of Biomass Gasifier * High conversion efficiency of 70 - 80% from solid biomass to gaseous
fuel

* Each Kilogram of Biomass produces around 2.5 to 3.0 cubic meters of gas
having a calorific value of 1000 - 1100 kilocalories per cubic meter.

* A Liter of liquid fuels (diesel / gasoline) can be saved with only 3 to 4

kilograms of biomass.

Extremely clean and complete combustion of gas due high hydrogen content.

* Positive environmental impact through saving of biomass in mot cases. * Positive impact on global climate i.e. reduced threat of global warming.

100kW power generation system has an installed cost of only around $320 per kW - much lower than the installed cost per kW of a 200 MW thermal power plant!!
Specific fuel consumption are very low - less than 100 c.c. of diesel / gasoline and 1 kg of biomass per kWHr of electrical output !!

Industrial uses of biomass gasifier

1) Thermal applications ( Drier ) 2) Brick / tile kiln running on Biomass Gasifier 3) Island electrification and also for running of cottage industries on small islands 4) Grid parallel operation / grid feeding 5) Chilling / cold storage applications

CONCLUSION
Biomass gasifier is a very important equipment in present days. It can remove the present energy crisis and enviornmental polution.Using the gasifier we can run a generator and generate electricity, can fuel our vehicles, can burn our stoves without fumes, can easily handle solid wastes.. Further development of gasifier may lead our life to beautiful future