Active earth pressure the Mazindrani theory

Active earth pressure is given by the following formula: where: z Ka z vertical geostatic stress coefficient of active earth pressure due to Rankin slope inclination weight of soil assumed depth coefficient of active earth pressure due to Mazindrani

where:

slope inclination angle of internal friction of soil cohesion of soil

Assuming cohesionless soils (c = 0 and horizontal ground surface ( = 0 yields the Rankin solution! for which the active earth pressure is provided by: and the coefficient of active earth pressure becomes:

where:

angle of internal friction of soil

"orizontal and vertical components of the active earth pressure become:

where:

active earth pressure angle of friction structure - soil back face inclination of the structure

Literature: Mazindrani, Z.H., and Ganjali, M.H. 1997. Lateral earth pressure problem of cohesi e bac!fill "ith inclined surface. #ournal of Geotechnical and Geoen ironmental $n%ineerin%, &'($, 123)*+: 11,11*.

Active earth pressure - the #oulomb theory

Active earth pressure is given by the following formula: where: z cef Ka Kac vertical geostatic stress effective cohesion of soil coefficient of active earth pressure coefficient of active earth pressure due to cohesion

$he coefficient of active earth pressure Ka is given by:

$he coefficient of active earth pressure Kac is given by: for:

for: where: angle of internal friction of soil angle of friction structure - soil slope inclination back face inclination of the structure

"orizontal and vertical components of the active earth pressure become:

where:

active earth pressure angle of friction structure - soil back face inclination of the structure

Active earth pressure - the M%ller-&reslau theory

Active earth pressure is given by the following formula: where: z cef Ka Kac vertical geostatic stress effective cohesion of soil coefficient of active earth pressure coefficient of active earth pressure due to cohesion

$he coefficient of active earth pressure Ka is given by:

where:

angle of internal friction of soil angle of friction structure - soil slope inclination back face inclination of the structure

$he coefficient of active earth pressure Kac is given by: for:

for: where: angle of internal friction of soil angle of friction structure - soil slope inclination back face inclination of the structure

"orizontal and vertical components of the active earth pressure become:

where:

active earth pressure angle of friction structure - soil back face inclination of the structure

Literature: M.ller/0reslau1s $rddruc! auf 'tutzmauern,'tutt%art: &lfred 2roner/3erla%, 19,4 )German+

Active earth pressure - the #a'ouot theory

Active earth pressure is given by the following formula: where: z cef Ka Kac earth pressure Ka: where: Ka Ka
Coulomb

vertical geostatic stress effective cohesion of soil coefficient of active earth pressure coefficient of active earth pressure due to cohesion

$he following analytical solution (&oussines'ue! #a'ouot is implemented to compute the coefficient of active

coefficient of active earth pressure due to #a'uot coefficient of active earth pressure due to #oulomb conversion coefficient see further

where:

slope inclination behind the structure angle of internal friction of soil angle of friction structure - soil

$he coefficient of active earth pressure Kac is given by: for:

for: where: angle of internal friction of soil angle of friction structure - soil slope inclination behind the structure back face inclination of the structure

"orizontal and vertical components of the active earth pressure become:

where:

active earth pressure angle of friction structure - soil back face inclination of the structure

Active earth pressure - the Absi theory

Active earth pressure is given by the following formula: where: z cef Ka Kac vertical geostatic stress effective cohesion of soil coefficient of active earth pressure coefficient of active earth pressure due to cohesion

$he program takes values of the coefficient of active earth pressure Ka from a database! built upon the values published in the book: ()risel! Absi: Active and passive earth *ressure $ables! +rd ,d- A-A- &alkema! .//0 12&3 /0 4./.554 +$he coefficient of active earth pressure Kac is given by: for:

for: where: angle of internal friction of soil angle of friction structure - soil slope inclination back face inclination of the structure

"orizontal and vertical components of the active earth pressure become:

where:

active earth pressure angle of friction structure - soil back face inclination of the structure

Literature: 25risel, &bsi: &cti e and 6assi e $arth 6ressure 7ables, 8rd ed., 0al!ema, 199, 9'0: 9, 4191;;4 8

*assive earth pressure - the Rankin and Mazindrani theory

*assive earth pressure follows from the following formula: where: z Kp z vertical geostatic stress coefficient of passive earth pressure due to Rankin slope inclination weight of soil assumed depth coefficient of passive earth pressure due to Mazindrani

$he coefficient of passive earth pressure Kp is given by:

where:

slope inclination angle of internal friction of soil cohesion of soil

1f there is no friction ( = 0 between the structure and cohesionless soils (c = 0 ! the ground surface is horizontal ( = 0 and the resulting slip surafce is also plane with the slope:

the Mazindrani theory then reduces to the Rankin theory- $he coefficient of passive earth pressure is then provided by:

where:

angle of internal friction of soil

*assive earth pressure p by Rankin for cohesionless soils is given: where: z Kp Literature: unit weight of soil assumed depth coefficient of passive earth pressure due to Rankin

*assive earth pressure - the #oulomb theory

*assive earth pressure follows from the following formula: where: z Kp c effective vertical geostatic stress coefficient of passive earth pressure due to #oulomb cohesion of soil

$he coefficient of passive earth pressure Kp is given by:

where:

angle of internal friction of soil angle of friction structure - soil slope inclination back face inclination of the structure

$he vertical pv and horizontal ph components of passive earth pressure are given by:

where: Literature:

angle of friction structure - soil back face inclination of the structure

&rnold 3erruijt: 'oil mechanics, <elft =ni ersit> of 7echnolo%>, *,,1, *,,4, http:??%eo. erruijt.net?

*assive earth pressure - the #a'uot ()risel theory

*assive earth pressure follows from the following formula: where: Kp c z coefficient of passive earth pressure for = -! see the table reduction coefficient for ! ! see the table cohesion of soil vertical geostatic stress

$he vertical pv and horizontal ph components of passive earth pressureare given by:

where:

angle of friction structure - soil back face inclination of the structure

#oefficient of passive earth pressure (p

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%# -$0 &0 &# '0 '# $0 $# %0 %# 0 &0 &# '0 '# $0 $# %0 $0 %# &0 &# '0 '# $0 $# %0 %0 %# &0 &# '0 '#

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Reduction coefficient of passive earth pressure

Reduction coefficient for ! 6"7 @ 1, 1@ *, *@ 8, 8@ A, A@ for ! 1,, 1,,, 1,,, 1,,, 1,,, 1,,, 1,,, 1,,, 1,,, ,,; ,,999 ,,979 ,,94; ,,9@A ,,987 ,,914 ,,;;4 ,,;A; ,,4 ,,94* ,,98A ,,9,1 ,,;4, ,,;11 ,,7@* ,,4;* ,,4,, ,,A ,,9*9 ,,;;1 ,,;*A ,,7@9 ,,4;4 ,,4,8 ,,@1* ,,A1A ,,* ,,;9; ,,;8, ,,7@* ,,444 ,,@7A ,,A7@ ,,87@ ,,*74 ,,, ,,;4A ,,77@ ,,47; ,,@7A ,,A47 ,,84* ,,*4* ,,17A

*assive earth pressure - the M%ller &reslau theory

*assive earth pressure follows from the following formula: where: Kp c z coefficient of passive earth pressure cohesion of soil vertical normal total stress

$he coefficient of passive earth pressure Kp is given by:

where:

angle of internal friction of soil angle of friction structure - soil slope inclination back face inclination of the structure

$he vertical pv and horizontal ph components of passive earth pressure are given by:

where: Literature:

angle of friction structure - soil back face inclination of the structure

M.ller/0reslau1s $rddruc! auf 'tutzmauern,'tutt%art: &lfred 2roner/3erla%, 19,4 )German+

*assive earth pressure - the Absi theory

*assive earth pressure follows from the following formula: where: Kp c z coefficient of passive earth pressure cohesion of soil vertical normal total stress

$he program takes values of the coefficient Kp from a database! built upon the tabulated values published in the book: ()risel! Absi: Active and passive earth *ressure $ables! +rd ,d- A-A- &alkema! .//0 12&3 /0 4./.554 +$he vertical pv and horizontal ph components of passive earth pressureare given by:

where: Literature:

angle of friction structure - soil back face inclination of the structure

25risel, &bsi: &cti e and 6assi e $arth 6ressure 7ables, 8rd ed., 0al!ema, 199, 9'0: 9, 4191;;4 8

*assive earth pressure - the 2okolovski theory

*assive earth pressure follows from the following formula: where: Kp1 Kpc Kpp z passive earth pressure coefficient for cohesionless soils passive earth pressure coefficient due to cohesion passive earth pressure coefficient due to surcharge vertical normal total stress

1ndividual e8pressions for determining the magnitude of passive earth pressure and slip surface are introduced in the se'uel9 the meaning of individual variables is evident from :ig-:

6assi e eart pressure slip surface after 'o!olo s!i Angles describing the slip surface:

where:

angle of internal friction of soil angle of friction structure - soil slope inclination

2lip surface radius vector:

*rovided that 2 ! 0 the both straight edges of the zone 3$ and 3% numerically overlap and resulting in the plane slip surface developed in the overlapping region- $he coefficients of passive earth pressure Kp1! Kpp! Kpc then follow from:

where:

angle of internal friction of soil angle of friction structure - soil back face inclination of the structure

Au8iliary variables: /p1! /pp! /pc! 1p1! 1pp! 1pc! 4p1! 4pp! 4pc for: ! ! ! ! ! !

where: :or soils with zero value for the angle of internal friction the following e8pressions are employed to determine the coefficients of passive earth pressure:

where:

Literature: 'o!olo s!i, 3.3., 194,. 'tatics of 'oil Media,0utter"orth, London.