International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856

Diabetes Patients Risk through Soft Computing Model

Sabibullah M 1,
1

Shanmugasundaram V2 , Raja Priya K3

Prof. & Head, Dept. of Comp. Applns. (DoCA), J.J. College of Engg. & & Tech., Tiruchy-620009. 2 Asst. Prof., Dept. of Comp. Applns., JJCET, Trichy- 620009. 3 Head, Marssitech Pvt., Ltd., Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu- India

Abstract: Soft computing technique is currently well suited

for analyzing medical data. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) based model is developed in patients particularly diabetic for accessing and forecasting the prone risk of heart attack and stroke. To screen the people who are suffering from these diseases, proposed application model would provide a possibility of risk behind the heart attack or other neurodeficit diseases.This application would provide an endproduct model for an early detection and finding the risk of cardio and cerebro- vascular diseases. An efficient soft computing based algorithm would enable a probable model in the classification process so as to reduce the mortality rate in the population data. It is a valuable option so as to share the knowledge and experiences towards the model screening of diabetic patients by the proposed technique.

the patients level of risk. Grades are categorized as A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I and K is described in Table 1. Table 1: Grade point The Table describes about grade point and its expansion
Grade point Description

A-Alcohol B-Blood Pressure CCholesterol D-Diet E-Eye G-Get active H-Heart disease I-Immunity level K-Kidney F-Feet

High hemoglobin alcohol level High Blood Pressure High Blood Cholesterol Poor diet and obesity Unrecognized diabetic eye disease Lack of physical activity Unrecognized risk of heart disease Influenza vaccination, pneumococcal vaccination Unrecognized diabetic kidney disease Unrecognized diabetic foot disease

Keywords: Diabetic Mellitus, Heart Attack, Stroke Prediction, Genetic Algorithm, Risk Factors, Disease

I. INTRODUCTION
The diagnosis of diseases is a vital job in medicine. The epidemic is accelerating in the developing world like in India, with an increasing proportion of affected people in elder age groups. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyper glycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Heart disease is a major cause now a days and it kills one person every 34 seconds in the United States [13]. High blood pressure, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, stroke are the various forms of cardio vascular disease which affects the heart and blood vessels. The development of screening methods for these diseases prediction is an immediate practical interest. Screening is the process of identifying every individual who are at sufficiently high risk of a specific disorder to warrant further investigation or direct action. The purpose of screening is to benefit the individuals being screened. Soft computing method is very well suited to analyze medical data so as to find out the risks strategy. Genetic Programming (GP) is a Machine Learning (ML) technique used to obtain the optimized solution for the user specified tasks. The proposed model will focus the prediction of risks prone to either heart attack or stroke possibilities from the diabetes population data. This model focuses an early detection for the above said diseases (Heart attack and Stroke). The model also provides out of risk process and grade points according to Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013

II. RELATED WORKS

There are lots of literatures cited recently related with heart disease diagnosis and diabetes disease using data mining and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. Several algorithms of risk stratification and diagnostic models for Coronary Heart Disease [CHD] have created with different sets of risk factors [2]. A cascade learning system [3] for classification of diabetes disease developed using LS-SVM by Kemal bolat. Prediction models for stroke risk analysis using stacked topology of ANN model, support vector classification models, prediction through fuzzy inference system, neural prognostic models were developed by Sabibullah et al. [67, [3], [8], [9]. Data mining is a multidisciplinary borrowing idea from data bases, Machine Learning (ML) and artificial intelligence, statistics, pattern recognitions etc., GP is one of the soft computing technique that automatically solves problem. The proposed model using this technique organizes the data based on their relevant attributes and transforms it into human interpretable patterns or correlation. Page 60

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856
The prediction of heart disease, blood pressure and sugar with the aid of neural network was proposed by Nitti guru et al. [4]. A study conducted by Ramachandran A et al. [5] in association of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors having high prevalence rate in urbanization of India.. A model intelligent heart disease prediction system build with the aid of data mining techniques like Decision Trees, Naive Bayes and neural network was proposed by Sellappan Pallaniappan et al. 10]. CDSS for the risk prediction of heart patients consists of two phases proposed by [1]. A hybrid Neuro-genetic approach in the diagnosis of stroke disease was proposed by Shanthi et al. [12]. The frequent patterns applicable to heart disease are mined with the aid of MAFIA algorithm by Shantakumar B Patel et al. [11] Begin { Step 1: Determine the symptoms with help of expert Step 2: Initialize Fitness=0 Step 3: Find the fitness value based of the fitness function Step 4: if(Previous fitness<current fitness value) then store the current feature Step 5: Perform genetic operation (Mutation, reproduction, crossover) Step 6: To evaluate output prediction. } End through their demographic, medical and physical risk factors that provide the effective outcome by using soft computing technique. The high, medium and low level of risk is screened through the first level screening of either prone to heart attack risk or prone to stroke risk. In the first level screening, a dynamic report card is generated to know the patients risk level. The different grades are assigned to categorization of risk related to. The report card also indicates the level of risk the patient acquired. The Figure 1 describes the proposed work for diabetic risk analysis.

III. MATERIALS AND METHODS

A. Genetic Algorithm The data mining has attracted throughout the genetic algorithm, due to its merit in automatic evolution of programs with optimized solution without prior knowledge on patient data in a large search spaces with very less computing errors. More generalization power can be achieved through this approach. The following pseudocode explains the process of genetic algorithm using .Net implementation framework [Visual studio 2008, C#.Net] Merits of C# .NET C# is more succinct. In other words its possible to do more with less code, which is always a good thing so long as the code is still maintainable Pseudo code: Input : Name, Age, Sex, Smoking, Alcohol intake, Physical Exercise, Obesity, Cholesterol Level, Blood Pressure, Blood Sugar, FBS, OGTT, HbA1C, Triglyceride. Output: Prediction (high level, low level, and medium level) for each diabetic, heart attack, Stroke and provide report card for diabetic patient Begin { Step1: Prediction of diabetic patients risk level which pone to Heart attack. Step2: Prediction of diabetic patients risk level which prone to stroke Step3: Prediction of diabetic patients risk level (Out of Risk) Step4: Prediction of Heart attack risk level (High, Normal) Step 5: Prediction of Stroke risk level (High, Moderate, and Normal) Step 6: Provide Report card for diabetic patients } End Genetic Algorithm Pseudo code Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013

Figure 1: Proposed Model of diabetic risk analysis A. Risk Factors for diabetic analysis, heart attack risk analysis and stroke risk analysis Screening of risk among diabetes patients are implemented based on the input data set constructed and are detailed in Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4. The Table 2 explains the input data related to diabetic patients. Heart attack and stroke risk factors included in the analysis these are explained in Table 3 and Table 4 respectively. Table 2: Heart attack risk analysis value and their weightage Parameters Male and Weightage Age < 30 Weightage Value 0.1 Page 61

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856
Female >30 to <50 Age >50 and Age <70 Age >70 Never Past Current Yes No Never Past Current Yes No Never Regular High if age < 30 High if age >50 Yes No Yes No Very High>200 High 160 to 200 Normal <160 Normal (130/89) Low (<119/79) High (>200/160) High (>120 & <400) Normal (>90 & <120) Low (<90) Low (<60bpm) Norma l(60 to 100 )High (>100BP) 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.4 Sedentary Lifestyle/inactivit y Hereditary Cholesterol Yes No Yes No Very High>240 High 160 to 200 Normal <160 Normal(130/89) High (>120 & <400) Normal(>90 & <120) Low(<90) Low(<70) Normal(70 to 99) High(>126 mg/dl) Normal <= 140 Medium (140 200) High (<200) Normal <=5.7 Medium 5.7 to 6.4 High >= 6.5 Normal <150 High >150 Normal (150 mg/dl) Medium (>200) High (500 mg/dl) 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.4

Smoking

Obesity Alcohol intake

Blood Pressure Blood Sugar

High salt diet Physical Exercise

FBS

OGTT

Sedentary Lifestyle Hereditary Cholesterol

0.8 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.8

HbA1C (Glycated Heamoglobin) Micro Albumin Triglycerides

Blood pressure

Blood sugar

Heart Rate

0.9 0.1 0.9

Table 3: Diabetic analysis risk factor weightage and their calculation Parameters Weightage Weightage Value Male and Female Age >25 0.1 >30 to <50 0.3 Age >40 and Age 0.7 <70 0.8 Age >70 Smoking Never 0.1 Past 0.3 Current 0.6 Obesity Yes 0.8 No 0.1 Alcohol intake Never 0.1 Past 0.3 Current 0.6 Physical Exercise Never 0.6 Regular 0.1

Table 4: Stroke analysis risk factor weightage and their calculations Parameters Weightage Weightage Value Male and Female Age < 30 <50 0.1 Age >50 0.3 Smoking Never 0.1 Past 0.3 Current 0.6 Obesity Yes 0.8 No 0.1 Total cholesterol Very High>200 0.9 High 160 to 200 0.8 Normal <160 0.1 Hypertension Normal(130/89) 0.1 Heart disease Yes 0.2 No 0.1 Diabetes Yes 0.2 No 0.1 Triglycerides Normal 0.5 (<190mg/dl) 0.8 Medium(200 0.9 400mg/dl) High(>240 mg/dl)

Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856
HDL (>55mg/dl) (35-60mg/dl) (<35 mg/dl) (<130 mg/dl) Low (130-159 mg/dl) Normal (>180 mg/dl) High 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.4 Then Risk Level=High (Cholesterol and Triglyceride)(Prone to Heart Attack) Or Sex=Male and Age >70 and Smoke=Current and Overweight=Yes and Alcohol intake=Never and Exercise=Never Cholesterol Level >200 and Blood Sugar > 120 and <200 and FBS>=126 and OGTT>=140 and Blood Pressure (>200/89) HbA1c> 6 and Triglyceride>=400. Then Risk Level=High (Prone to Stroke). Formula 2: For Heat Attack Prediction Sex=Female and Age>70 and Smoking = Never and Overweight=Yes and Alcohol=Past and stress = No and High Saturated fat diet=No and high salt diet=Yes and Exercise=Never and sedentary Lifestyle=No and Hereditary = Yes and cholesterol (160 to 200) and Blood sugar >120 and <400 and Blood Pressure (>200/89) and Heart rate >100. Then Risk Level= High Otherwise If Sex=Male and Age>30 and <50 and Smoking = Current and Overweight=Yes and Alcohol=Current and stress = Yes and High Saturated fat diet=No and High salt diet=Yes and Exercise=Regular and sedentary Lifestyle=Yes and Hereditary = Yes and cholesterol (160 to 200) and Blood sugar >120 and <400 and Blood Pressure (<119/79) and Heart rate <60 or 100. Or Sex=Male and Age>50 and <70 and Smoking = Current and Overweight=No and Alcohol=Never and stress = No and High Saturated fat diet=No and high salt diet=Yes and Exercise=Regular and sedentary Lifestyle=No and Hereditary = No and cholesterol <160 and Blood sugar >90 and <120 and Blood Pressure (130/89) and Heart rate (60 to 100). Then Risk Level=Normal Formula 3: For Stroke Risk Analysis Sex=Male and Age >45and <55 and Smoke=Current and Overweight=Yes and Alcohol intake=Never and Physical Activities =Never and Total Cholesterol>200 and Blood Sugar > 120 and <200 and Blood Pressure (>200/89) HDL <35and LDL<130 and Diabetes=Yes and Heart Disease =No and Triglyceride>=400 and <= 500. Then Risk Level = Moderate Risk Otherwise If Sex=Female and Age >50and <60 Smoke=Never and Overweight=Yes and Alcohol intake=Never and Physical Activities =Never and Total Cholesterol>200 and Blood Sugar > 120 and <200 and Blood Pressure (130/89) and HDL <35 and LDL >130 and Diabetes=Yes and Heart Disease = No and Triglyceride>=400 and <=500. Page 63

LDL

IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

The input clinical patterns of diabetic patients is presented to the model and the prone to risk level is obtained in the finding of first level screening task based on the screened risks [prone to heart attack or prone to stroke] are again supplied to the module of applicable risk screened. i.e., heart attack risk screen or stroke risk screen .The final risk is analyzed in the second level of screening which is explained in Table 3.and Table 4. From the dataset the predictions are predicted from the executed model and finally the relevant risk is found. We implemented our proposed method in Dot Net with Genetic algorithm approach. The results of our experiment analysis in finding significant outcomes in the prediction of diabetic patients risk level which prone to heart attack along with the risk factors grade point, prediction of stroke risk level . From the heart attack prone risks the further risk levels (High risk, Normal risk) is accessed. From the stroke prone the risk is accesses as high, Normal. Finally, out of risk is calculated based on the patients risk factors. The screen shots of above processes (Risk Levels) are shown in Figure 2-9. The following three formulas are used and computed so as to deliver the proper results which are explained as below. Formula 1: For Diabetic risk Analysis Sex=Male and Age >30 and >50 and <20 and Smoke=Never and Overweight=No and Alcohol intake=Never and Exercise=Never and cholesterol level<160 and Blood Sugar > 90 and <120 and FBS >=70 and <=99 and OGTT<=140 and Blood Pressure (130/89) and HbA1c<=6 and Triglyceride<150. Then Risk Level= Out Of Risk Otherwise If Sex=Female and Age >30 and >50 and Smoke=Never and Overweight=No and Alcohol intake=Never and Exercise=Never and cholesterol level<160 and Blood Sugar > 90 and <120 and FBS >=70 and <=99 and OGTT<=140 and Blood Pressure (130/89) and HbA1c<=6 and Triglyceride<150. Or Sex=Male and Age >50 and <70 and Smoke=Current and Overweight=Yes and Alcohol intake=Never and Exercise=Never Cholesterol Level >200 and Blood Sugar > 120 and <200 and FBS>=126 and OGTT>=140 and Blood Pressure (130/89) HbA1c> 6 and Triglyceride>=400 and <= 500. Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856
Or Sex=Male and Age >60 and <70 and Smoke=Never and Overweight=Yes and Alcohol intake=Never and Physical Activities = Never and Total Cholesterol >200 and Blood Sugar >120 and Blood Pressure (>200/89) and HDL<35 and LDL >130 and Diabetes=No and Heart Disease=Yes and Triglyceride>400. Then Risk Level = High Risk Or Sex=Male and Age > 60 and <80and Smoke=Never and overweight=No and Alcohol Intake=Never and Overweight = Yes and Alcohol intake=Never and Total cholesterol > 200 and Blood sugar > 120 and Blood Pressure (130/89) and HDL >50 and LDL<130 and Diabetes =No and Heart Disease=Yes and Triglyceride<150. Then Risk Level = Normal

Figure 5: Prediction of diabetic patients risk Level (Out Of Risk)

Figure 2: Prediction of diabetic patients risk level (High) which prone to heart attack

Figure 6: Prediction of Heart Attack risk Level (Normal)

Figure 7: Prediction of Heart Attack Risk level (High) Figure 3: Grade Point indicator (H Grade)

Figure 4: Prediction of diabetic patients risk level (High) which prone to Stroke Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013

Figure 8: Prediction of stroke risk level (Moderate) Page 64

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856
[3] Kemal polat, salih gunes, ahmet Arslan, A cascade Learning System for classification of diabetes disease: Generalized Discriminant Analysis and Least square support vector Machine, Expert systems with Applications, 34, 482-487, 2008. [4] NitiGuru, AnilDahiya, Navin Rajpal, Decision support system for Heart Disease Diagnosis using Neural Network, Delhi Business Review, Vol.8, No.1 (January-June), 2007. [5] Ramachandran A, Mary S, Yamuna A, Murugesan N, Snehalatha C, High prevalence of diabetes and Cardio vascular disease risk factors associated with urbanization in India, Diabetes Care, 31: 893-898, 2008. [6] Sabibullah M and Kashmir raja S V, Prediction of stoke risk through stacked topology of ANN model., Intl. Jr. of Advanced Research in Computer Science, Vol .1, No.4, 170-177, Nov-Dec, 2010. [7] Sabibullah M and Kashmir Raja S V, Stroke risk prediction through Non-linear Support Vector Classification Models, Intl .Jr. of Advanced research in Compute Science, vol.1, No.3, 47-53, Sep-Oct, 2010. [8] Sabibullah M and Kashmir Raja S V,A study on cerebrovascular disease risk factor prediction through fuzzy inference system, Intl. Jr. of System Simulation, Vol.3, No.1, 15-23, 2009. [9] Sabibullah M and Kashmir Raja S V, A neural prognostic model for predicting stroke prone risk factors, Bio-science Research Bulletin, Vol. 23, No.2, 95-102, 2007. [10] Sellappan Palaniappan, ,Rafiah Awang, Intelligent Heart Disease prediction system using data mining techniques, International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security (IJCSNS), ,Vol..8, No.8, August 2008. [11] Shantakumar B.Patil, Kumaraswamy Y S, Intelligent and effective heart attack prediction system using determining and artificial neural netwok, European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 31 No.4, 642-656, 2009. [12] Shanthi D , Sahoo G, Input feature selection using hybrid Neuro-Genetic Approach in the Diagnosis of Stroke Disease, International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security (IJCSNS), ,Vol.8 No12, Dec 2008.

Figure 9: Prediction of Stroke risk Level (High)

V. CONCLUSION
In this proposed work, the soft computing based model is developed for finding the risks accumulated by the diabetic patients. The experimental results pertaining to the level of risk which prone to either heart attack or stroke. Table 5 explains the total samples used out of which 07 samples are predicted as Prone to Heart Attack, 06 samples are Prone to Stroke and remaining 07 samples are belongs to the prediction category of Out of Risk. This model would definitely assist the physician in order to diagnose the patients properly. Finally, the doctors can able to find out the sensitivity [The proportion of people with disorder to test positive on the screening test] and specificity [The proportion of people who do not have the disorder to test negative on the screening test] of the screening process. Table 5: Data Sample Total Samples Prone to Heart attack M 20 5 2 07 4 2 6 07 F Total M Prone to Stroke F Total Out Of Risk

VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I extend my sincere thanks to our college Chairman, Prof.K.Ponnusamy, J.J. Group of Institutions, Dr.S.Sathiyamoorthy, Principal, Dr.P.Shahul Hameed, Director, Environmental Research Centre, J.J. College of Engg. & Technology. Also I extend my thanks to Dr.A.Vijay Anand who offered patients data.

REFERENCES
[1] Anooj P K Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS): Risk Level prediction of heart disease using weighted fuzzy rules, Journal of King Saudi University Computer and Information Sciences, 24, 27-40, 2012. [2] Brindle P, Besmick A, Fahey T, Ebrahim S, Accuracy and impact of risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review, Heart, 2006; 92: 175. Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013 Page 65