SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FOUNDATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS FOSTER WHEELER ENERGY LTD PROJECT SPECIFICATION CIVIL 3550-8310-SP-0006 PAGE

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1.

SCOPE
This Specification, together with drawing 3550-8310-39-0015 represents the practice to be followed for the design of foundations for vertical atmospheric storage tanks.

2. 2.1

REFERENCES General
Design shall conform to the latest revision of the following Specifications, Standards and Codes of Practice current at the time of contract award. It shall be executed and completed with full compliance to all National and local laws and bye laws and regulations. The order of precedence shall be as follows and design shall be based on the most stringent of them: 1) Mandatory Vietnamese Standards 2) Project Specifications 3) International or Vietnamese Applicable Codes In the event of a conflict between specifications and/or standards and/or national or local laws or bye laws, the Employers decision shall be sought and govern. The CONTRACTOR shall obtain all of the Employers specification and standards.

2.2

Specifications, Codes & Standards

The Work shall be performed to the following specifications and standards or its equivalent.

2.2.1

Project Specifications 3550-8820-SP-0001 3550-8310-SP-0001 3550-8310-SP-0005 3550-8310-SP-0008 3550-8310-SP-0009 Basic Engineering Design Data (BEDD) Design Loadings Specification for Concrete Works Design of Concrete Foundations, Structures, Asphalt Roads & Paving Earthwork Specification

2.2.2

Soil Investigation Report 28030/4 Geotechnical Report from Soil Mechanics

DSN: 328

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SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FOUNDATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS 2.2.3 FOSTER WHEELER ENERGY LTD PROJECT SPECIFICATION CIVIL 3550-8310-SP-0006 PAGE 3 OF 8 REV D2 Project Civil Standard Drawings 3550-8310-39-0015 Typical Foundation Detail for Vertical Atmospheric Storage Tanks

2.2.4

Vietnamese National Standards Vietnamese Building Code, Vol I Vietnamese Building Code, Vol II Vietnamese Building Code, Vol III TCXDVN 375:2006 General Provisions & Construction Planning Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance

2.2.5

British Standards BS 1377 : Part 4 BS 6031 BS 7361 : Part 1 BS 8004 BS 8110 : Part 1 : Part 2 : Part 3 Soils for civil engineering purposes. Compaction related tests Code of Practice for Earthworks Cathodic Protection Code of Practice for Land and Marine Applications Code of Practice for Foundations Structural Use of Concrete Code of Practice for Design & Construction Code of Practice for Special Circumstances Design Charts for Singly Reinforced Beams, Doubly Reinforced Beams and Rectangular Columns

2.2.6

Eurocodes Design to Eurocodes shall be in conjunction with the corresponding British National Annex BS EN 1992 : Part 1-1 : Part 1-2 BS EN 1997 : Part 1 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures General rules and rules for buildings General rules. Structural fire design Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design General rules
DSN: 328

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SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FOUNDATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS FOSTER WHEELER ENERGY LTD PROJECT SPECIFICATION CIVIL Ground investigation and testing 3550-8310-SP-0006 PAGE 4 OF 8 REV D2 : Part 2

3.

GENERAL
The design of tank foundations shall be based on the recommendations and design parameters given in the Geotechnical Investigation Report. All anticipated settlement and deformations of the foundation shall be reported to the Tank Engineer and the Piping Engineer in order for them to assess if the anticipated movement of the tank is acceptable for the design of the tank and the tank piping attachments. The Contractor shall report the expected immediate, elastic and long term consolidation settlements for individual tank foundations for Employers approval. The type of foundation to be used shall be as follows: Tanks with diameter: > 25m > 10m & < 25m < 10m TYPE 1 to standard drawing 3550-8310-39-0015 TYPE 2 to standard drawing 3550-8310-39-0015 TYPE 3 to standard drawing 3550-8310-39-0015

4.

SUBGRADE
4.1 The subgrade shall be capable of supporting the tank, its attachments and its maximum weight of contents without general and/or local shear failure or excessive: a) b) c) d) 4.2 Unequal settlement Centre to edge settlement Total settlement Deformation in tank floor slope

Where the subgrade is capable of supporting the tank and its contents, the soil shall be thoroughly compacted in accordance with BS 6031 or equivalent applicable standard. Soft spots shall be removed and replaced with compacted fill of granular or other stable material compacted to the same density as the subgrade. If the subgrade is unable to support the loadings from the tank without excessive unequal or total settlement, the Contractor shall submit for Employers approval consideration of using one or a combination of the following methods to improve the subgrade: a) Remove the unsuitable subgrade and replace with thoroughly compacted granular fill material or other stable material. b) Deep compaction of the unsuitable subgrade by vibro flotation or dynamic consolidation.

4.3

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SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FOUNDATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS FOSTER WHEELER ENERGY LTD PROJECT SPECIFICATION CIVIL 3550-8310-SP-0006 PAGE 5 OF 8 REV D2 c) Consolidation of the unsuitable subgrade by temporary preloading with or without providing vertical drains drilled into the subgrade to accelerate the rate of consolidation. d) Piling e) Rigid raft type foundation f) Ground stabilization

5.

TANK ELEVATION
The height above grade of the tank floor after total settlement shall not be less than 300mm unless otherwise approved by the Employer. Where tank foundations require leak detection to be provided to protect the environment and prevent ground contamination, it may be necessary to increase the height of the tank to more than 300 mm above grade.

6. 6.1

RING BERM FOUNDATION Ring berms

Ring berms shall:Be constructed with well graded granular material or crushed stone as approved by the Employer, thoroughly compacted to 95% compaction, in accordance with BS 6031 or equivalent applicable standard, within the grading limits shown in Table 1. SIEVE SIZE (mm) 50 10 5 1 0.5 0.1 0.05 PERCENTAGE PASSING (BY WEIGHT) 100 85 - 100 70 - 90 30 - 70 20 - 50 10 - 20 10 TABLE 1 Be compacted in layers not exceeding 200mm thickness when uncompacted. Have a 2.5m minimum width at the top with sloping sides of 1 vertical to 1.5 horizontal. Have compaction trials carried out on compacted fill in accordance with BS 1377: Part 4 or equivalent applicable standard.

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SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FOUNDATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS FOSTER WHEELER ENERGY LTD PROJECT SPECIFICATION CIVIL 3550-8310-SP-0006 PAGE 6 OF 8 REV D2

6.2

Granular Fill Pads

Granular fill pads shall:be constructed of inert granular or other stable material approved by the Employer. be spread in layers of uncompacted thickness not greater than 200mm and shall have a moisture content sufficiently close to optimum such that it can achieve compaction corresponding to 95% of the dry density obtained in test according to BS 1377 or equivalent applicable standard. Have compaction trials carried out on compacted fill in accordance with BS 1377: Part 4 or equivalent applicable standard.

6.3

Crushed Stone Layer

The top of the granular fill pads shall be covered by crushed stone layer. This consist of 100mm thickness of compacted crushed stone or gravel, well graded from 10mm to 20mm. Chips and quarry dust shall be used to fill in the surface voids.

6.4

Oil-Sand Layer
The top of the crushed stone layer shall be covered by Oil - sand layer. This consist of 50mm thick layer of mixture of washed and dried salt free sand well mixed with approximately 75l/m3 lube oil without additives. Precaution shall be taken not to use used oil due to danger of corrosion. Trial mixes shall be produced in order to obtain an acceptable composition approved by the Employer.

7.

CONCRETE RING BEAMS

Concrete ring beams shall be designed and constructed in accordance with BS 8004 and BS 8110 or equivalent applicable standard. Concrete ring beams shall be designed to resist the following simultaneous conditions: a) b) c) to span 4.0m horizontally unsupported. to resist the surcharge from the tank. to resist pressure from the retained earth. Concrete ring beams shall be of adequate width to ensure that the theoretical unit bearing pressure at the bottom of the ring beam is the same as the theoretical unit bearing pressure at the centre of the filled tank. Concrete ring beams shall be of adequate width and depth to accommodate tank holding down bolts.

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SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FOUNDATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS FOSTER WHEELER ENERGY LTD PROJECT SPECIFICATION CIVIL 3550-8310-SP-0006 PAGE 7 OF 8 REV D2 Concrete ring beams shall be designed to control cracking appropriate to the prevailing exposure conditions.

8.

REINFORCED CONCRETE RAFT FOUNDATIONS

Reinforced concrete raft foundations shall be designed and constructed in accordance with TCVN 4453 or BS 8004 whichever is more onerous.

9.

PILED FOUNDATIONS
Piled foundations shall be designed and constructed in accordance with TCVN 4453 or BS 8004 whichever is more onerous. The concrete pad shall be designed to span between the piles assuming no pile failure and investigated for the case assuming differential settlement of individual piles. Geotechnical engineering advice shall be taken in assessing the amount of differential settlements of piles.

10.
10.1.1

PERMISSIBLE FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT

Total Settlement Total post-construction settlement for individual tank foundations shall not exceed the values noted in the table in 10.1.2.

10.1.2

Differential Settlement Differential post-construction settlement for individual tank foundations shall not exceed the values noted in the following table. Foundation type to H-0001315-001 Rev 10 Type 1 TOTAL Settlement (mm) Differential Settlement Edge to Centre (Note 1) D / 300 Around Circumference (Note 2) 13mm per 10m of circumference (1 / 769) 13mm per 10m of circumference (1 / 769) 13mm per 10m of circumference (1 / 769) Tilt (Note 3)

Tank Diameter

> 25m

300

H / 200

> 10m & < 25m

Type 2

150

D / 300

H / 200

< 10m D = Tank Diameter H = Tank Shell Height

Type 3

50

D / 300

H / 200

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SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FOUNDATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS FOSTER WHEELER ENERGY LTD PROJECT SPECIFICATION CIVIL 3550-8310-SP-0006 PAGE 8 OF 8 REV D2

Note 1: Criterion for edge (perimeter) to centre differential settlement determined from BS EN 14015. Note 2: Criterion for circumferential differential settlement determined from API 650. Note 3: Criterion for tilt, the out of verticality of the top of the shell relative to the bottom of the shell, is taken from BS EN 14015. Note 4: The above settlement criteria must be agreed/accepted by the tank manufacturer/contractor taking into account the specific tank configuration, roof type, etc which may dictate more stringent limits.

11.

CATHODIC PROTECTION
When cathodic protection of the tank bottom is adopted, consideration shall be given to the compatibility of the foundation surfacing material in contact with the tank floor. For guidance on compatibility refer to BS 7361: Part 1, Section 4.5 or equivalent applicable standard.

12.

ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
In addition to the foregoing types of tank foundations the following items may need to be incorporated into the design:a) b) c) d) Leak detection Prevention of ground contamination Geotextile to protect formation level Drainage of granular fill pad

13.

CONSTRUCTION TOLERANCES
Construction tolerances for tank foundation shall be in accordance with BS 2654, Section 14 or equivalent applicable standard.

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