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IP Subnetting and
Addressing
Prof Indranil Sengupta
Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur
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IP Subnetting
IP Subnet
• Basic concept:
¾A subset of a class A, B or C network.
• IP addresses that do not use subnets
consists of
a network portion, and
a host portion.
¾Represents a static two-level hierarchical
addressing model.
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IP Subnet (contd.)
Natural Masks
Network Host
portion portion
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Natural Masks (contd.)
• Provide a mechanism to split the IP
address 10.0.0.20 into
¾a network portion of 10, and
¾a host portion of 20.
Decimal Binary
IP address:10.0.0.20 00001010 00000000 00000000 00010100
Mask: 255.0.0.0 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000
Network Host
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Creating Subnets using Masks
Example: Subnets
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Subnets (contd.)
• What happens?
¾Initially it was a single large Class A
network (224-2 hosts).
¾We have now split the network into
256 subnets.
From 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.0.0.
The hosts pet subnet decreases to
65,534.
Subnets (contd.)
Decimal Binary
IP address: 10.5.0.20 00001010 00000101 00000000 00010100
Mask: 255.255.0.0 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Subnet Host
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Default Mask and Subnet mask
Default Mask
IP Address 255.255.0.0
Network Address
144.16.72.57 144.16.0.0
AND
Subnet Mask
255.255.192.0
IP Address Network Address
144.16.72.57 144.16.64.0
AND
• Subnets
¾Management of subnets is done by
local network administrator.
¾Single entry in external router tables.
• Multiple Address Classes
¾Multiple entries in external router tables.
¾Additional overhead on the backbone
(external) routers.
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Comparison
R R
MULTIPLE
SUBNETS ADDRESS
CLASSES
R R
R R
• Basic concept
¾The same network can be configured
with different masks.
¾Can have subnets of different sizes.
¾Allows better utilization of available
addresses.
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Example: VLSM
D1 D2 D3
(110) (45) (50)
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The Subnet Options
• Basic concept:
¾Use the mask 255.255.255.128 to divide
the network address into two subnets
with 128 hosts each.
192.203.17.0 (.0 to .127)
192.203.17.0 (.128 to .255)
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The VLSM Option (contd.)
192.203.17.0
Mask:
255.255.255.128
Mask:
255.255.255.192
192.213.17.128 (.128 to .191)
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HIDDEN SLIDE
Interface 1 :: 128 hosts
Network number: 192.203.17.0
Network mask: 255.255.255.128
Address: 192.203.17.0 -- .127
Interface 2 :: 64 hosts
Network number: 192.203.17.128
Network mask: 255.255.255.192
Address: 192.203.17.128 -- .191
Interface 3 :: 64 hosts
Network number: 192.203.17.192
Network mask: 255.255.255.192
Address: 192.203.17.192 -- .255
12
CIDR: Introduction
• An IP address is represented by a
prefix, which is the IP address of the
network.
• It is followed by a slash, followed by
a number M.
¾M: number of leftmost contiguous bits
to be used for the network mask.
¾Example: 144.16.192.57 / 18
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CIDR: An Important Rule
Example: CIDR
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Recent Trend
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SOLUTIONS TO QUIZ
QUESTIONS ON
LECTURE 5
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Quiz Solutions on Lecture 5
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Quiz Solutions on Lecture 5
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Quiz Solutions on Lecture 5
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Quiz Solutions on Lecture 5
QUIZ QUESTIONS ON
LECTURE 6
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Quiz Questions on Lecture 6
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Quiz Questions on Lecture 6
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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
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