Mathematics Dictionary

1
DATA
The information which describes an object idea,
inference,
Proof, data is accepted and processed in computer in
Binary form.
DATA PROCESSING:
Operation performed upon data to get information. The
data is proceed by a computer.
DEBUG:
To locate and detected error in a program run on a
computer.
DECA:
A Prefix standing for 10 e.g
1 deca gram = 10grams
DECAGON:
A plane geometrical figure having 10 sites
DECI:
A Prefix meaning 10
1 deci meter = 1/10 meter
DECIMAL FARCTION:
A decimal fraction is a fraction where the denominator
(the bottom number) is a power of ten (such as 10, 100,
1000, etc).You can write decimal fractions with a
decimal point (and no denominator).
Examples:
43/100
51/1000
Decimal Number System

The number system we use every day, based on 10
digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9). Position is important, with
      9 0   

  
2 Current Mathematics Dictionary
the first position being units, then next on the left being
tens, then hundreds and so on.
Decimal
A point or dot used to separate the whole number part

from the fractional part of a number. Example: in the
number 36.9 the dot separates the 36 (the whole
number part from the 9 (the fractional part, which
means 9/10)
Decrease
To make smaller. As the parrot drinks, the amount left in
the can will decrease.
  / 
Deduct
To take away from. To subtract. term use for money
matters reduce some panelies, Discants etc.
     
Deduction:
Conclusion derived from data by a process are reasoning
Definition
Current Mathematics Dictionary 3
The description of a new term or idea by using only
ideas accepted but not yet finalized, caleed axioms or
postulated and the already defoimed symbols and
operations.
Deformation:
The geometric changes in shape or size or volume by
certon forces the deformation made temporary or
permanent.
Degenerate conic:
The conic section which are neither hyperbolic Parabolic
nor elliptic.
Degree (Angles)
A unit t measure angle. There are 360 degrees in a full

otation.The symbol for degrees is °
Example: 90 degrees (90°) is a right angle.
  360     
Degree (Temperature)
A measure of temperature (how hot or cold it is)

The symbol for degrees is °
The two most common scales are Celsius and Fahrenheit
Example: this thermometer shows 28 degrees Celsius (a

very warm day).
   
  0    

     
Denominator
The bottom number in a fraction. Shows how many

equal parts the item is divided into.
Data
A collection of facts, such as values or measurements.
Date
The exact day, month and/or year.
Examples:
"The date of my appointment is March the 25 th." His
birth date was 23 November 2006."
Day
The 24 hour period from midnight to the next midnight.
It is how long the Earth takes to spin once on its axis.
It can also mean just the time from sunrise to sunset
(the rest of the 24 hours being "night")
     
Deca-
A prefix meaning ten
Decade
A period of 10 years.
The years 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
2007, 2008 and 2009 are together one decade.
Decagon
A 10-sided polygon (a flat shape with straight sides).

It is a polygon.
Decahedron
A solid shape with ten flat faces.

It is a polyhedron.
This 10-sided die is an example of just one type of
decahedron.
Decimal
Based on 10
Example: the numbers we use in everyday life are
decimal numbers, because there are 10 of them
(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9).
Often "decimal number" is also used to mean a number
that uses a decimal point followed by digits as a way of
showing values less than one.
Example: 1.9 is a decimal number (one and nine tenths)
Density
A measure of how much matter is in a certain volume.

Thick ness of the Matter
 
   
The density of water is about 1 kg per liter so anything
that floats has a lower density, and anything that sinks
is more dense.
Descending Order
Arranged from largest to smallest. Decreasing.

Example: 100, 45, 22, 18, 2
These numbers are in descending order.
  100, 45, 27, 18, 2   


 
Diagonal
A straight line inside a shape that goes from one corner

to another (but not an edge).

    

Diagram
A drawing used to describe something. E.g. Gemetical
figer port ional Geometrical his graph, bircher etc.
    
Diameter
A straight line going through the center of a circle

connecting two points on the circumference.
      
Die
A die (plural "dice") is a solid object with markings on
each face used for random numbers when playing
games. The most common dice are cubes with dots on
them for the numbers 1 to 6
 
 6  
 6 
Difference
The result of subtracting one number from another. How

much one number differs from another.
Example: The difference between 9 and 4 is 5.
   
Digit
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are the ten digits we use
in everyday numbers.
Example: the numeral 153 is made up of 3 digits ("1",
"5" and "3").
10  9 0 
Digital Clock or Watch
A clock or watch that shows the time using numbers, not
hands.
      
Dimension
A measurement of length in one direction.

In Physics it can also mean any physical measurement
such as length, time, mass.

   
DE MORGAGRAN LAWS
If A,B,C are subset of a set E and dash represent the
complement of the set then
(AU B U C) = A∩B∩C
A∩B∩C = AUBUC
Directed Number
A number that can be positive or negative. Usually it has
a positive (+) or negative (-) sign in front of it, like this:

    (-)   
But posiitve numbers often leave the "+" sign off, so "3"
is really "+3"
  
    
DERIVATIVA:
If Y is function of X and Y = F(x) then first order
derivative is dy/dx
Higher order derivative can also be define so that

second order derivative is d/dx (dy/dx)
The Nth order derivative denoted by dy/dxn
DETERMINANT:
The arrangement of elements of square metris, n rows
And n cloums then n will be called the order or
determinant.
e.g it is the second order determinant
DEVIATION:
Variation with respect to standard of reference
DIAGONAL MATRIX:
A square matrix will all it elements zero accept diagonal

elements.
DIFFERENCE OF TWO SETS:
The elements of one set beloing to set a but not beloing
to set b. it can be written as A – B
DIFFERENTIAL:
An infinitesimal change in a depended variable or a an
in depended variable causes the small change in in
depend variable dx and dy which are differential in
dy/dx
DIFFERNTIAL EQUATION:
An equation with some derivative. e.g 2y + dy/dx + 4x
+13 = 0 is a differential equation.
DIFFERNTIAL OPERATOR:
Operator used in differentiation. It is denoted by D =
d/dx
DIFFERENTIATION:
The methology to define the derivative of a funcation. It
is also states the rate of change of 1 variable with
respect to another.
Direction
Where something is pointing

Examples: North South East and West are all directions.
Up, Down, Left and Right are also directions.
    
DIRECT VARIATION:
Direct variation of the from y= kx, k is the constant of
proportionality.
DIRECTION ANGELS:
The agnel made by the lines with the positive direction
of x – axis, y axis, z axis.
e.g cosa, sinb tanc
DIRECTION COSINES:
Cosine of direction angles. If algine makes α, β. and γ
With x, y and z axis.then direction cosines of the line are
cos α, cos β and cos γ .
DIRECTION RATIO:
The quantaties a, b, c which are in constant proportion to
l,m,n,r Direction cosine of line. It can be written as
a/l = b/m = c/n
Discrete Data
Which takes normally whole numbers Difference of
numbers is comparatively large.
   
Data that can only take certain values.
DISCRIMINANT:
 
 
In second degree quadratic equation, b-4ac is a
discriminant. Which states the nature of the root.
I. If b-4ac is positive then root will be real and

distinct.
II. If b-4ac = 0 then root will be real and repeated
III. If b-4ac is negative then root will be complex or
imaginary.
DISJOINT:
Two sets are calles disjoint if they have not any common
elements.
DISK:
A computer device, it is used to storing information or

transferring data from one place to other.
DISPERSION:
The measurement of a variation of some data with

respect to central tendency.
Displacement (distance)
The short test Distance between two points
   
Displacement (fluid)
How much fluid is pushed away when an object is placed

in it.
       
Distance
Length. A measurement of length farecced.
 
    
Distributive Law
The Distributive Law means that you get the same
answer when you multiply a group of numbers by
another number as when you do each multiplication
     
separately
 + 4×5
Example: (2 + 4) × 5 = 2×5
  
 
Divide
To divide is to split into equal parts or groups. It is "fair

sharing".
Example: there are 12 chocolates, and 3 friends want to
share them, how do they divide the chocolates?
Answer: They should get 4 each. (12 ÷ 3= 4), (12/3 = 4)
We use the ÷ symbol, or sometimes the / symbol to
mean divide:
   100     

 25
DIVERGENCE:
A vector operator (∆) which applied on vector function F
(x,y,z) gives a scalar quantity like.
Dividend
The amount that you want to divide up.

dividend ÷ divisor = quotient
Example: in 12 ÷ 3 = 4, 12 is the dividend
   
Divisible
When one number can be divided by another and the

result is an exact whole number.
Example: 15 is divisible by 3, because 15 ÷ 3 = 5
exactly
But 9 is not divisible by 2 because 9 ÷ 2 is 4 with 1 left
 
over.
 6  30   
 31    5
Divisor
The number you divide by dividend ÷ divisor = quotient

Example: in 12 ÷ 3 = 4, 3 is the diviso
   
DOCUMENTATION:
Instructions with all necessary requirements to

represent fully something.
Dodecagon
   
Dodecahedron
A polyhedron (a flat-sided solid object) with 12 Faces.

If it is "regular" (all faces are the same) it is one of the
Platonic Solids
      
Dollar
A dollar is a kind of money. The symbol for the dollar is

$
100 cents equals one dollar.
100 =  
Domain of a function
The set of all inputs that a function accepts. The output

values are called the range.
Domain -> function -> Range
Example: if the function f(x) = x2 is given the values x =
{1,2,3,…} then {1,2,3,…} is the domain.
    
Double

Make twice Multiply by 2.

Example: Double 4 is 8.
Dozen
12 items
Example: a dozen eggs 12 
DOT PRODUCT:
Scalar product in vectors.
DOUBLE ROOT:
Equal roots, repeated
DYNAMICS:
It is the branch of mathematic with deals with motions
of a body under reaction of some forces.
DYNE:
A measurement unit of force, the force required to

accelerate a one gram body by one centimeter /per
second.
(E)
EULER’s CONSTANT:
The natural base of common logarithm, it can be stated
as
(Euler's Number)
The number "e" is one of the most important numbers in

mathematics.
The first few digits are:
2.7182818284590452353602874713527 (and more ...)
It is often called Euler's number after Leonhard Euler
2,7,8,28, 18, 28, 45, 20, 45, 23  
  e 
ECCENTRICITY:
The ratio of distancey between focus and directrix it is
denoted by e.
Edge
The line where two surfaces meet

Example: This tetrahedron has 6 edges.
Or the boundary of a shape, such as the circumference
of a circle.
      
ELASTICTY:
The property of an object with resist to changed it’s

original shape the ratio of stress to strain is called
young’s modulus and young modulus presents elasticity.
Element
  
A member of a set, an abject

ELEVATION:
The vertical distance of a point from ground level or
horizontal axis.
ELIMINATION:
The method used to find the value of some variable in
simultaneous equations.
Ellipse
A curved shape like a slightly flattened circle.


     
EMPIRICAL:
Drivable and presentable from an experiment or
observation.
EMPTY SET:
A set which have no elements and it is denoted by
ENERGY:
The capacity of a body to perform work. Energy cannot
be created nor destroyed but may change it’s forms.like
kinetic energy to potential energy and potential energy
to electric energy etc.
ENTIRE FUNCTION:
An other name of integral function.
ENUMERABLE SET:
Define number of elements, countable set.
ENVELOP:
A curve which is tangent to the each type of line /
curves.
Enlarge
To make larger, To increase its size, to increase its size.

       
Equal
Exactly the same amount or value
Examples:
3 + 4 is equal to 7 1 Dollar is equal to 100 Cents The
symbol is =
  (=)      
Equality
The state of being equal. Having the same amount or

value.    
Equation
An equation says that two things are the same, using

mathematical symbols.
An equal sign (=) is used
Example: 7+2 = 10-1
   (=)    
EQUATIONS OF MOTION:
The general form of equation of motions, which
described the motion of body and relation between
speed, velocity, acceleration and time taken by body.
V=u+at
S=ut+1/2at
2as=v-u
EQUATORS:
The greater circle on the surface on the earth which is
equidistant from the north and south pole. The equator’s
plan called equatorial plan.
EQUIANGULAR:
Same size angle.
Equation of a Straight Line
An equation that defines a straight line.

In this example the equation is
y = 2x + 1
y = 2x + 1    
(1) 
EQUIDISTANT:
Same distance from both side of a fix point.
Equilateral Triangle
A triangle with all three sides of equal length.

All the angles will be 60°
     
 
EQUILIBRIUM:
A body either in the state of rest are motion is said in
equilibrium if the effect of all forces is zero.
The right hand forces and left hand forces are equal in
magnitude.
Equinox
The time of the year when day and night are each 12
hours long and the Sun is at the midpoint of the sky.
This happens twice a year:
Spring equinox
Autumn (Fall) equinox
  12     
 
Equivalent
Having the same value. But may in different forms.

Example 0.5 is equivalent to ½
     
Equivalent Fractions
Fractions which have the same value, even though they

may look different.
Example 1/2 and 2/4 are equivalent, because they are
both "half"
 
          
ERG:
In C.G.S system it is unit of earth
The work done by a 1 dyne force to a distance of one
centimeter.
ESCRIBED CIRCLE:
A circle drawn externally to a geometrical figure which
touches its sides.
Estimate
A close guess of the actual value, usually with some

thought or calculation involved.
Example: 6.51 x 7.00 = 46
 
          
Estimation
Finding a value that is close enough to the right answer,

usually with some thought or calculation involved.
Example: Sam's estimation of 400 bricks to build the

wall was very good, as there were only 12 bricks left
over.
 
       
Evaluate
To calculate the value of.
Example: Evaluate the cost of each pie if 3 pies cost $6.
Answer: $2 each.
  
EVEN FUNCTION:
A function f (x) is set to be even if f (x) = f (-x) its graph

its symmetric about by axis
y=x, y=x, y=cosx

Even Number
Any integer that can be divided exactly by 2.

The last digit will be 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8
Example: -24, 0, 6 and 38 are all even numbers
If it is not an even number, it is called an odd number.
Example: -3, 1, 7 and 35 are all odd numbers
 0,2,4,6  2   
 8, 6, 4, 2, 0  
EX-CENTER:
The center of escribed circle.
Expanded Notation
Writing a number to show the value of each digit.
It is shown as a sum of each digit multiplied by its
matching place vale (units, tens, hundreds, etc.)
For example: 4,265 = 4 x 1,000 + 2 x 100 + 6 x 10 + 5
x1
        
Exponent
The exponent of a number shows you how many times

the number is to be used in a multiplication. It is written
as a small number to the right and above the base
number. In this example: 82 = 8 × 8 = 64
      
EXPANSION:
The process in which a quantity can be written as the
sum of series of terms.
EXPLICIT:
if a variable y express explicit as a function of another
variable x as y=f (x) then y is explicit function of x
y=x cosx + 11sinx +11
EXPONENT:
Power of a number in expression example 32, 3 is base
and 2 is exponent.
Different properties fro exponent are
I. Multiplication
II. Division
III. Power of power
IV. Negative power
V. Fractional power
EXPONENTIAL SERIES:
An infinite series with exponential function ex where e is
log natural base an can written as
ex=1+x+x/2 + x/3 + x/4…..x/n
Expression
Numbers, symbols and operators (such as + and ×)
grouped together that show the value of something.
Example 2×3 is an expression
(=)    

EXTERIOR ANGLE:
The angle formed outside the polygon by two adjacent

sides one drone by extension. The Interior and exterior
angle are supplementary
(F)
F.P.S
The measurement system which is based on the foot
second and pound as the unit of length time and weight
respt.
Face
Any of the individual surfaces of a solid object

Example: a cube has six faces.
 
Factor
Factors are the numbers you multiply together to get

another number:
Example: 3 and 4 are factors of 12, because 3x4=12.
    
FACTOR THEOREM:
Let polynomial f (x) have root (x – a) iff f (a) = 0
f (x) = x + 6 x + 5 = 0
f (-1) = 0
so (x+1) and (x + 5) are the factor of f (x)
Factorial!
The result of multiplying a series of descending natural

numbers, such as 4, 3, 2, 1. The symbol is "!"
Examples:
4! = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24
7! = 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 5040
   1  
 
Factorising
Finding what to multiply to get an expression.

Example: 2y+6 = 2(y+3),
so the factors of 2y+6 are 2 and (y+3)
   
  
Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit is a temperature scale.

It is used to tell how hot or cold something is.
It is often written as ° F
Water freezes at 32° F and boils at 212° F
212 of    32 oF 
     
   
Fall
The season that follows summer and comes before

winter.
Starts in September in the Northern Hemisphere, and
March in the Southern Hemisphere.
       
Fibonacci Sequence
The sequence of numbers: 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,...
Each number equals the sum of the two
  
FINITE GROUP:
A group having finite number of elements.
FINITE SET:
A set having countable numbers of elements.
e.g number of students in school, number of houses in
town etc.
Finite Number
A definite number. Not infinite. In other words it could be

measured, or given a value.
   
First
Before anything else at No. 1 Position

  
Flat
Not curved or bumpy.

   
A cube has six flat sides.
Flip
Turn something over. To make a mirror image of.

Example: this shape is flipped over the line.
   
FLUID OUNCE
A unit of Capacity which is equal to one – 20th part of a
pint.
FOCAL CHORD:
A card of a conic which passes through a focus
FOOT:
In F.P.S system, the unit of length measurement
1 foot = 0.3 048 meter.
FOOT POUND:
In F.P.S system the unit of work, the work done by a
body to lift one pound mass through one foot under
gravitational force.
FORCE:
An agency which change or try to change the state of
rest or motion of an object. The unit of force is Newton
and denoted by N
Formula
Numbers and symbols that show how to work something

out
Example:
The formula for finding the volume of a box is "V = w ×
d×h"
(V stands for volume, w for width, d for depth and h for
height.
If w=4, d=5 and h=10, then V = 4×5×10 = 200.)
It is a special type of equation that shows the
relationship between different variables.
   
FORTRAN:
A computer language specially used in mathematical
problems.
Fortnight
A time period of 14 days (2 weeks).

The word comes from "fourteen nights"
 14  
FOURIER SERIES:
In any periodic function with period 2∏ can be written as
an in finite trigonometric series of the form.
FRAME OF REFERENCE:
A set formed by origin and coordinate system which
indicate the position of the point.
Frequency
How often something happens during a period of time.

Example: This is a heartbeat with a frequency of 78
beats per minute.
78   
  
Frequency Distribution
A table that lists a set of scores and their frequency
(how many times each one occurs)
   
Frequency Histogram
A graph that uses vertical columns to show frequencies

(how many times each score occurs).
There should not be any gaps between the bars.
      
Frequency Polygon
A graph made by joining the middle-top points of the

columns of a frequency histogram
      
FRUSTUM:
A solid geometrical shape which is obtained by cutting

solid geometrical shape like cylinder, prism, sphere and
cone.
FULCRUM:
A fix point about a lever can move.
Function
A function is a special relationship between values: Each
of its input values gives back exactly one output value.
It is often written as "f(x)" where x is the value you give
it.
Example: f(x) = x/2 ("f of x is x divided by 2") is a
function, because for every value of "x" you get another
value "x/2".
 So:    f(x) 
* f(2) = 1
* f(16) = 8
* f(-10) = -5
FURLONG:
Unit of length measurement. It is 8th part of a mile
1 furlong = 201.168 meters

G
g:
it is abbreviation for gravitational acceleration
g = 9.8m/s
GALLON:
It is volume unit for liquids in B.S.U
One gallon = 4.547liters
GAMMA FUNCTION:
Gamma function of a number n can be define as
Geometry
The area of mathematics that deals with lines, shapes

and space.
    
Plane Geometry is about flat shapes like lines, circles

and triangles. Solid Geometry is about solid (3-
dimensional) shapes like spheres and cubes.
Golden Mean
Another name for Golden Ratio

Golden Ratio
The number approximately equal to 1.618033989…

It is exactly equal to (1+√5)/2 If you divide a line into
two parts so that: the longer part divided by the smaller
part
is also equal to the whole length divided by the longer
part then you will have the Golden Ratio.
Googol
Is the number written as 1 followed by 100 zeros.

10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
 100  (1)  
Gradient
How steep a straight line is, How inclined a line is:

In this example the gradient is 3/5 = 0.6
  
Gram
A metric unit of weight 1,000 grams = 1 kilogram
 1000 =  1  1 
GRAMME:
An other name of gram one gramme = 1 / 1000kg
Graph
A diagram of values, usually shown as lines or bars.
      
GRAVITATION:
The law of gravitation by Newton can be written as the
force of attraction between two objects is directly
proportion to there masses and inversely proportion to
the square of distance between there centers.
F = G m1 m2 / r2 G = 6.67 × 10 – 8
GRAVITY:
The force by which the earth attracts and object towards
it’s center.
Greater Than
Bigger, comparatively The symbol > means greater than

(the symbol < means less than).
Example: 5 > 3 shows that 5 is greater than 3
573    
Greatest Common Factor
The highest number that divides exactly into two or

more numbers.
If you find all the factors of two or more numbers, and
you find some factors are the same ("common"), then
the largest of those common factors is the Greatest
Common Factor.
Abbreviated "GCF". Also called "Highest Common
Factor"
Example: the GCF of 12 and 30 is 6, because 1, 2, 3 and
6 are factors of both 12 and 30, and 6 is the greatest.
      
Gross
Before any deductions.

Example: "gross income" means before tax and
expenses.
Also means twelve dozen (=144)
      
Gross Weight
The total weight, including contents, packaging, etc.
 =  
H
Half
One of two equal parts of a whole
    
HALF PLANE:
A part of plane on one site of a straight line.
Handspan
The distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the
little finger on your outstretched hand

  
Hect-
A prefix meaning 100   100  

Hectare (ha)
A hectare is a unit of area equal to 10,000 square

meters. Usually used to measure land.
Symbol: ha
1 ha = 2.47 Acres approximately
 = 10000m2    
Heft
Test the weight of something by holding it in your hand
   
Height
The vertical distance from top to bottom
     
HELIX:
A space curve in a shape of spiral it is called spherical,
cylindrical or clerical. The shape of the thread on a
screw is a helix.
Hemisphere
In geometry it is an exact half of a sphere.
Hendecagon
An 11-sided polygon (a flat shape with straight sides).
 
Hepta-
A prefix meaning 7
Example: a heptagon is a 7-sided figure
7 
Heptagon
 17  
Hexa-
A prefix meaning 6
Example: a hexagon is a 6-sided figure
Hexagon 6 
 6 
Hexahedron
Another name for a cube.

It has this name because it is a polyhedron with 6
(Hexa-) sides.
Highest Common Factor
Another name for "Greatest Common Factor"

  GCF
HINDU-ARABIC NUMERALS:
The numbers 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9 are hindu mathematics
numbers.
HISTOGRAM:
A graphical representation of data in columns form
which represent the quantities and there frequencies.
HOMOGENOUS EQUATION:
An equation in which given homogenous functions is
equal to zero.
HOMOGENOUS FUNCTION:
A function with each term is of the same order. If each
term is of degree n the function is called homogenous
function of degree n.
e.g f (x,y) = xy + x + y
Horizontal
Going side-to-side, like the horizon. Just like ove in the

bed room along the an alls but on flour.
  


Parallel to the horizon.

(Up-down is called vertical
Hour
A period of time equal to 1/24 (a twenty-fourth) of a day.

1 Day = 24 Hours
1 Hour = 60 minutes.
The amount of time between 5:00 and 6:00 is one hour.
 
 60 = 
Hour Hand
The small hand on a clock that points to the hours.

It goes once around the clock every 12 hours (half a
day).
    
Hundredth
One part in a hundred equal parts

 
HYDROSTATICS:
Static’s of fluids as compare to static of particles or rigid
bodies.
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION:
Following are called hyperbolic function.
HYPERBOLOID:
A surface obtained by rotating a hyperbola about one of
its axis rotation about the transverses axis generate
hyperboloid of two sheets while rotation about the
conjugate axis generates hyperboloid.
Hypotenuse
The side opposite the right angle in a right-angled

triangle
    
HYPOTHESIS:
It is assumed to be true, to create or develop a new
theory
i:
symbols for imaginary number and equal to
(Unit Imaginary Number)
The square root of

minus 1.
i is the "unit" imaginary numbers  
  -1  
I
Icosahedron
A polyhedron (a flat-sided solid object) with 20 Faces.

If it is "regular" it is one of the Platonic Solids
    20  
Identity
An equation that is true no matter what values are
chosen.
Example: a/2 = a × 0.5 is true no matter what value is
chosen for "a"
    
 
IDENTITY FUNCTION:
An element of a set which have no effect under the
binary operation with an other element.
e.g 0 is identity for edition 0+5 = 5+0 = 5
1 is identity element for multiplication so
1 × 5 = 5 × 1=5
IMAGE:
For a function, if a set A mapped into a set B and a Є A is
mapped to b Є B then we say y is image of x
IM AGINARY NU MBER:
A number -1 is called imaginary number
IMAGINARY ROOT:
A root which contain imaginary number called imaginary
root.
IMPERIAL UNITS:
Units were under used in Brittan since long time for
different measurements.
Imperial System
A system of weights and measures originally developed

in England. Similar but not always the same as US
standard units.
Example of Imperial measures:
Length: inches, feet, yards
Area: square feet, acres
Weight: pounds, ounces,
Volume: fluid ounces, gallons
The Imperial System has been replaced by the Metric
System in most countries (including England).
       
 
IMPLICIT FUNCTION:
If y is function of x and y cannot be explicity expressed
in terms of x then y is an implicit function of x
e.g y + x = 9ax
Improper Fraction
An improper fraction is a fraction where the numerator

(the top number) is greater than or equal to the
denominator
Example: 5/3 (five thirds) and 9/8 (nine eighths) are

Inch
An inch is a measure of length.

There are 12 inches in a foot, and 36 inches in a yard.
 1= 136  = 12   
Incircle
The circle that fits the inside of a regular polygon.

It touches the midpoint of each side of the polygon.
Its radius is the "apothem" of the polygon
     
IMPULS:
Product of force an performing it can be written as P.dt
as F = ma, a = dv / dt
INCENTRE:
The centre of inscribed circle a geometrical figure e.g
the Incentre of rhombus is a common point of
intersection of its diagonal bisectors.
INCLINATION:
The angle between line or plane with a horizontal axis or
ground level.
INCLINATION OF TWO LINE:
The angle between two lines in a plane
INCLINATION OF TWO PLANE:
The angle between two planes or angle between there
normals.
INCLINT PLANE:
A plane which is not parallel with horizontal axis
Increase
Make something bigger (in size or quantity).
     
INCREMENT:
A small increase in the actual value of a variable it can
be written by ∆
Index (Power)
The index of a number shows you how many times to

use the number in a multiplication.
In this example: 102 = 10 × 10 = 100 10 is base ed 2 is
index
      
Inequality
An inequality says that two values are not equal.

There are other special symbols that show in what way
things are not equal.
a < b says that a is less than b
a > b says that a is greater than b
a ≤ b means that a is less than or equal to b
a ≥ b means that a is greater than or equal to b.
><       
Infinite
Without an end. Not finite.
0,1,2,3.....     
INFINITE FUNCTION:
A function effect is such that
INFINITE SET:
A set with infinite number of elements like setup natural
numbers, sand particles in Sahara desert etc.
INFINITY:
∞, it is a symbol, which states that it is not countable
INFINITESIMAL:
A variable is very small value approximately approaches
to zero.
Inradius
Another name for Apothem

   
Integer
A number with no fractional part.

Includes the counting numbers {1,2,3,…}, zero {0}, and
the negative of the counting numbers {-1, -2, -3, …}
You can write them down like this: {…, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2,
3, …}
Examples of integers: -16, -3, 0, 1, 198
INTEGRAL DOMAIN:
A commutative ring with identity in it with respect to
multiplication and having the property that when xy=0
Then either x=0 or y = 0 or both.
INTEGRAL INDEX:
Exponent, it is an integer but not a fraction
INTEGRATION:
To find the integrals of function called integration.
Intersect
To cross over (have some common point), to cut, to Meal

each other.
    
INTEREST:
Amount of money paid on borrowed amount. Actual
amount is called principal amount and extra amount is
called is interest.
INTERFACE:
A common boundary of two surfaces
INTERIOR ANGLE:
An angle formed at vertex of a geometrical figures,
angle between two adjacent sides.
INTERNAL DIVISION:
The division of a line segment internally is a given ratio.
INTERSECTION:
Cutting point, meeting point, having common value at

graph
For sets it is a common element between two sets.
Interval
What is between two points.

A definite length of time marked by a start and finish.
  
INVARIANT:
The property of a function or equation which not change under a
particular transformation e.g general equation of conic
ax+ 2hxy + by + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
so (a+b) and (h-ab) or invariant under the transformation
Inverse
Opposite in effect. The reverse of.
The inverse of adding 9 is subtracting 9.
The inverse of multiplying by 5 is dividing by 5.
  1/5 5   -9 9  
INVERSE ELEMENT:
An element when operate with some an other element
under some binary operation an gives identity element
e.g 5 added with – 5 result 0 so – 5 is additive inverse
of 5
Inverse Operation
The operation that reverses the effect of another

operation.
Addition and
  subtraction are inverse  
 operations  
Irregular Polygon
A polygon that does not have all sides equal and all
angles equal.
A polygon is "regular" only if all angles are equal and all
sides are equal otherwise it is irregular.
      
INVERSE OF METRIX:
A metrix Y of same order as a metrix X will be the
inverse of X if Y.X = 1 = X.Y it is denoted by Y
INVERSE RATIO:
Inverse ratio of x/y is y/x. reciprocal of ratio produce its
inverse
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION:
If y = cosx then x = cosy is called inverse function
similarly we can write inverse for sin,tan,cot,sec,cosec
INVERSE VARIATION:
An expression, y = k /x k is a constant, we can say y
inversely proportion to x
INVOLUTE:
Involute of a curve is another curve which is obtained by
unwinding a taut – string around the first curve.
ISOLATED POINT:
A point which is satisfies the equation of a curve but is
not on the main arc of the curve.
ISOMETRY:
A transformation in a distance with the two points
remains unchanged.
ISOMORPHISM:
A one – one correspondence between the sets, it means
that each element of one sets have an image in second
set under given mapping.
Isosceles Triangle
A triangle with two equal sides

The angles opposite the equal sides are also equal
  
ITERATION:
A method to solve a problem by successive
approximations in such a way that each a
approximations comes with more accurate estimate by
using the preceding approximation.
J
J:
It represent the direction of y axis in vectors
JOIN:
Connect, meet, or intersection of two lines / curves
JORDAN CURVE:
A continues, closed curve not intersecting it self. It may
or may not have a finite length.
K
K:
It represent the direction of z axis in vectors
KERNAL:
It is often required to obtain a solution of a linear
differential equation in the form.
Kilo-
A prefix meaning one thousand
   
Kilogram
A Metric measure of mass.

The abbreviation is kg.
1 kg = 1,000 grams
  
Kilolitre / Kiloliter
A Metric measure of volume. Equal to 1,000 liters.

Also equal to the volume of a cube that is 1m on each
side (a cubic meter or 1 m3)
   1000 = 1  
    
Kilometer
A Metric measure of distance. Equal to 1,000 meters.

The abbreviation is km.
1000 = 1  
km/h
An abbreviation of "kilometers per hour". A metric

measure of speed.
This is a sign showing a speed limit of 50 km/h
   
KILOWATT – HOUR:
Electric energy used or produced of 1000 watt / hour
1 kilowatt – hour = 3.6 × 106
KINEMATICS:
It is the branch of mathematic which deals with motion
of the objects
KNOT:
Speed units, one nautical mile per hour
KURTOSIS:
A measure of the degree of peaked ness of a distribution
given by.
L
LAMINA:
A solid body which have two parallels sides separated by
a very small distance.
LATITUDE:
The shortest distance of the point p on the earth surface
from the equator measure as pm along the surface of
the earth.
LATUS RECTUM:
Double coordinates through the focus of the conic
section length of latest rectum of parabola y = 4ax is 4a
Leap Year
A leap year is a year containing an extra day. It has 366

days instead of the normal 365 days.
The extra day is added in February, which has 29 days
instead of the normal 28 days.
Leap years occur every 4 years. 2008 is a leap year and
so is 2012.
Except that every 100 years special rules apply. For
example 1900 was not a leap year, but 2000 was.
365    366 
  28
 2012, 2008, 2004, 2000
Least
Smallest. Minimum valve

   
Least Common Denominator
The smallest number that can be used for all

denominators of 2 or more fractions.
Example: the Least Common Denominator of 1/2 and
2/3 is 6, because they can be written as 3/6 and 4/6.
Least Common Multiple
The smallest number that is a multiple of two or more

numbers.
The Least Common Multiple of 3 and 5 is 15, because 15
is a multiple of 3 and also a multiple of 5. Other common
multiples include 30 and 45, etc, but they are not the
smallest (least).
  
LEGENDRE POLYNOMIALS:
The function pn(x) in series in the form of polynomials
which gives the solution of legendre differential
equations
LEGENDRE’S EQUATION:
The legendre differential equation second degree is
Length
Distance. How far from end to end.

The length of this guitar is about 1 meter
     
Less Than
Smaller then other

The symbol < means less than.
Example: 4 < 9 shows that 4 is less than 9
9 4 4<9 9 
 1 
LIGHT YEAR:
Unit of distance, the distance by the light in space in
one year. It is called one light year
One light year = 9.467 × 10 12km
LIMIT:
A value to which a variable approaches it can be written
as f (x) = x – 1
LIMIT POINT:
Accumulation point, where limit applied
Line
A long thin mark made by a pen, pencil, etc.

In geometry a line:
* is straight (no curves),
* has no thickness, and
* extends in both directions without end.

If it does have ends it would be called a "Line Segment".
"Line" normally means straight, so say "curve" if it has a

curve.
     
Line Graph
A graph that uses points connected by lines to show how

something changes in value
    
Line Segment
A line with definite end points (also called a "Line

Segment").
     
Line Symmetry
Another name for reflection symmetry. One half is the

reflection of the other half.
The "Line of Symmetry" (shown here in white) is the
imaginary line where you could fold the image and have
both halves match exactly.
 
LINEAR ALGEBRA:
Branched of mathematics in which algebraic properties
of vector spaces are studied. if V is a set of vectors V =
[v1, v2, v3….} and F set of scalars F = {k1, k2, k3….] V
can be subjecyted to the opreatuions of scalar
multifplication (k1 v1, k2 v2} etc.
LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION:
A differential equation of degree one in y with it’s
derivatives but the coefficients of y derivatives of
function of x
LINEAR EQUATION:
An equation of degree one
e.g 3x + 4 = 0 or y = 4x + 9
LINEAR EXPANSION:
Uni directional expansion
Linear Scale
A scale with equal divisions for equal values.

For example, a ruler has a linear scale.
      
LINEAR TRANSFORMATION:
A transformation is obtained by the linear equation
LINEAR TRANSFORMATION:
Coefficients composed of literal constant like a,b,c for
example the coefficients in the expression
ax4+bx3+cx2+dx+e are literal coefficients.
Liter
A Metric unit of volume.

Mostly used to measure liquids
1 liter = 1,000 milliliters (ml)
1000=   
ln:
natural logarithm having based e
LOCAL MAXIMA:
A value of the variable of x for which the value of the
function f(x) is greater than the values of f (x) in the
neighbourhood of that value of x.
LOCAL MINIMA:
A value of the variable x for which the value of the
function of f (x) is less than the values of f (x) in the
neighborhood of that value of x.
Locus
The set of all points that share a property.

This usually results in a curve or surface.

   
LOGARITHMIC CURVE:
The curve of the geometrical equation called
geometrical curve.
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION:
If two variables x and y or set a relation y = logax then y
is logarithmic function of x and a is base
LOG-LINEAR GRAPH:
A graph on which one axis is with logarithmic values
and second axis have linear values e.g y = kecx
LOG – LOG GRAPH:
A graph on which both axis have logarithmic values
Lowest Common Denominator
The same as Least Common Denominator

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1

Decimal Number System

A point or dot used to separate the whole number part

A unit t measure angle. There are 360 degrees in a full

A measure of temperature (how hot or cold it is)

Example: this thermometer shows 28 degrees Celsius (a

The bottom number in a fraction. Shows how many

A 10-sided polygon (a flat shape with straight sides).

A solid shape with ten flat faces.

A measure of how much matter is in a certain volume.

Arranged from largest to smallest. Decreasing.

  100, 45, 27, 18, 2   

A straight line inside a shape that goes from one corner

A straight line going through the center of a circle

The result of subtracting one number from another. How

A measurement of length in one direction.

Higher order derivative can also be define so that

A square matrix will all it elements zero accept diagonal

Where something is pointing

I. If b-4ac is positive then root will be real and

A computer device, it is used to storing information or

The measurement of a variation of some data with

The short test Distance between two points

How much fluid is pushed away when an object is placed

Length. A measurement of length farecced.

To divide is to split into equal parts or groups. It is "fair

The amount that you want to divide up.

When one number can be divided by another and the

The number you divide by dividend ÷ divisor = quotient

Instructions with all necessary requirements to

A 12-sided polygon (a flat shape with straight sides).

A polyhedron (a flat-sided solid object) with 12 Faces.

A dollar is a kind of money. The symbol for the dollar is

The set of all inputs that a function accepts. The output

Scalar product in vectors.

Equal roots, repeated

A measurement unit of force, the force required to

The number "e" is one of the most important numbers in

The line where two surfaces meet

The property of an object with resist to changed it’s

A curved shape like a slightly flattened circle.

To make larger, To increase its size, to increase its size.

The state of being equal. Having the same amount or

An equation says that two things are the same, using

Equation of a Straight Line

An equation that defines a straight line.

Same distance from both side of a fix point.

A triangle with all three sides of equal length.

Having the same value. But may in different forms.

Fractions which have the same value, even though they

A close guess of the actual value, usually with some

Finding a value that is close enough to the right answer,

Example: Sam's estimation of 400 bricks to build the

A function f (x) is set to be even if f (x) = f (-x) its graph

y=x, y=x, y=cosx

Any integer that can be divided exactly by 2.

The exponent of a number shows you how many times

The angle formed outside the polygon by two adjacent

Any of the individual surfaces of a solid object

Factors are the numbers you multiply together to get

The result of multiplying a series of descending natural

Finding what to multiply to get an expression.