Anthropology older.txt IAS Mains Previous Years Paper : Anthropology (2008) PAPER - I SECTION A 1.

Write Short Notes on any Three of the following (Each one should not exceed 200 words):- (20 3 = 60) (a) Biological Anthropology (b) Protein Synthesis (c) Forms of descent groups (d) Structural functionalism 2. Discuss the modern theory of evolution with special reference to the concepts of gradualism and punctuationalism.(60) 3. Discuss the importance of field work in anthropology and describe various tools of data collection.(60) 4. Discuss the relation between culture and personality.(60) SECTION B 5. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:(20 3 = 60) (a) Nutritional anthropology (b) ABO and Rh blood group distribution in human population (c) Inbreeding (d) Bioevent of fertility 6. Define adaptability. What bicultural adjustments do human show in coping up with stress at high altitude?(60) 7. What do you understand by 'Hardy Weinberg equilibrium? Discuss the factors that produce and redistribute variations.(60) 8. Discuss the role of anthropology in designing defence and other equipments.(60) PAPER - II SECTION A 1. Write Short Notes on any Three of the following (Each one should not exceed 200 words):-(20 3 = 60) (a) 'Langhnaj' (b) The distribution of Indo- Aryan Languages (c) Paleoanthropological significance of Narmada Man (d) Concept of Ethnoarchaeology 2. Is Risely's Racial Classification of Indian population valid? Critically discuss with the help of suitable example.(60) 3. Is Tribe-Caste Continuum a reality or myth? Discuss.(60) 4. Critically examine the concepts of Little and Great Traditions for understanding the Indian Villages.(60) SECTION B 5. Write Short Notes on any Three of the following (Each one should not exceed 200 words):-(20 3 = 60) (a) Mediterranean Element in India population (b) Concept of Ethnicity (c) Tribes as Indigenous Culture (d) Revivalistic Movement 6. Discuss the health problems faced by tribal populations in India. Suggest some corrective measures.(60) 7. How have modern democratic institutions influenced the Indian tribal societies?(60) 8. What are the special problems of primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs)? How far have the developmental programmes of the government been able to address these? (60) Page 1

Anthropology older.txt ========================================================== PAPER I - 2007 SECTION -A Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: Home erectus Neolithic Shamanism Symbolism How anthropologists define Religion? Describe various forms of religion with suitable examples? 60 Discuss mechanisms of social control in simple sicieties citing suitable examples. 60 Critically examine the contribution of positivistic and Nonpositivistic approaches in social science Research. Section - B Write short notes on any on any three of the following in about 200 words each: pedigree Analysis Genome Study Forensic Anthropology Demographic Transition Discuss different types of sex chromosomal aberrations. 60 Examine adaptive significance of Human variations in Tropical and Arctic climatic Zones. 60 Briefly describe various applications of physical Anthropology 60 PAPER II 2007 SECTIONS-A 203=60 Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: Neolithic Culture Jajmani system Marikt Economy Purushartha Describe ethnic elements in theIndian population focusing either on Rileys or Gothas classification 60 Highlight the contributions of Indian anthropologists in the understanding of tribal life. 60 What are the issues and socio-economic problems arising out of being a religious minority ? discuss. undergoing 60 SECTION-B Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: 203=60 Impact of Industrialization on Tribals Constitutional safeguards for scheduled castes Role of NGOs in development Land Alienation Do you think that Indian tribes have rich biogenetic variability ? Discuss 60 Page 2

Anthropology older.txt Illustrate, with suitable and weaker sections. 60 Discuss the anthropological understanding of rising ethnicity among Indian tribes in the context of nation - building 60 ========================================================== PAPER I - 2006 SECTION -A Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: Lower Paleolithic culture Rhodesian Man Incest Taboos Omparative Method Discuss Anthropotion approaches to the systems. 60 Critically the evolution of political systems. 60 Critically examine the role of subjectivity in anthropological Research . Section - B Write short notes on any on any three of the following in about 200 words each: Personal Identification Racial Criterial Life-Tabel Genetic polymorphism Discuss the factors affectiong ethnic boundaries giving suitable examples. 60 Discuss the various methods of studying Human Growth specifying their merits and demerits. 60 What is genetic counseling ? Discuss its relevance in the present day context. 60 PAPER II 2005 SECTION-A 203=60 Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: Burzahom N. K. Boses contributions to Indian Anthropology Karma Initial period of Tribal studies in India Write in brief period of Tribal studies in India indication causes and measures of its control. 60 Briefly discuss the contribution of Indian anthropologists during 20th century. 60 Critically review the processes of social changes the contemporary Indian society is undergoing 60 SECTION-B Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: 203=60 Linguistic distribution of Indian population Key characteristics of the scheduled Tribes in India Joint forest management programmers for Tribal Development Page 3

Anthropology older.txt Discuss bio-morphological variation among the tribvals of northeastern India 60 Critically review Tana bhagat Movement its causes and effects. 60 Describe the role of anthropologists in Rribval development 60 ========================================================== PAPER I - 2005 SECTION -A Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: Micralith Australopithecus Trade amd Barter Schedule and Questionnaire Witchcraft accusation is the result of strained interpersonal relations. Explain. 60 Critically discuss the formalist and substantives approaches in the context of economic anthropology. 60 Discuss the concept of peoples participation inn planned development. Section - B Write short notes on any on any three of the following in about 200 words each: Nutritional Anthropology Problem of Inbreeding Drug Abuse Ageing Discuss the relationship of ethnicity and nation-state. 60 Critically discuss the factors affecting human growth and development. 60 Discuss the biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fertility and mortality. 60

PAPER II 2005 SECTIONS-A Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: Mesolithic culture in India Impact of Islamon Indian society Varnashram Indian society 203=60 Discuss the economic basis of Indus Civilization. What were the factrors of its decline? 60 Give an account of the contributions of Indian scholars in the growth and development of anthropolog in Indian in early 20th century 60 Linguistric and religious minorities are particularly vulnerable to political manipulations. Comment. 60 SECTION-B Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: Page 4

Anthropology older.txt 203=60 Tribal sub-plan Panchayati RajM Genetic diversit among Indian tribes Role of anthropologists in rural development Examine the impact of urbanization and industrialization on tribal economy in India. 60 Discuss the factors related low literacy rate among theatricals of India. Write in brief the measures taken by the government in different five year plans to eradicate it. 60 Elucidate the nature of changes in administration of tribal areas from colonial period to post independence era in India 60 ========================================================== IAS Mains Previous Year Paper Anthropology (2000) Paper-I- Anthropology-2000 (Mains) Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300 Instructions Each question is printed both in Hindi and in English. Answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the space provided for the purpose. No mark will be given for the answers written in a medium other than that specified in the Admission Certificate. Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks. Section 'A' Q. 1. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words : (a) Culture Area and Age Area (b) Copper-Bronze Age (c) Social stratification (d) Etic and Emic approach Q. 2. Describe the range of locomotive behaviour of contemporacy non-human primates and state how does it help in understanding the structural-functional correlations of their limb structure. Q. 3. What do you understand by neo-evolutionism ?Evaluate how Leslie A. White's approach is helpful in understanding cultural evolution. Q. 4. What is planning from below? Critically assess the role of anthropology towards implementing sustainable development. Section `B' Q. 5. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words : (a) Chi-square Test (b) Malnutrition Page 5

Anthropology older.txt (c) Genetic Adaptation (d) Ethnic boundaries Q. 6. Evaluate genetic heterogeneity of ABO, Rh and Gm antigens. Discuss how the principal human groups can be distinguished on the basis of their blood antigen characteristics. Q. 7. Define ecosystem. Explain with examples, how biocultural adaptive qualities have helped human survival in stressful eco-conditions. Q. 8. What do you understand by recombinant DNA technology ? Discuss its application and limitations in improving human health.

Paper-II- Anthropology-2000 (Mains) Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300 Instructions Each question is printed both in Hindi and in English. Answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the space provided for the purpose. No mark will be given for the answers written in a medium other than that specified in the Admission Certificate. Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks. Section 'A' Q. 1. Write notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each : (a) Negrito elements in India (b) Concept of Karma in relation of caste (c) Tribe-caste contintium (d) Criteria of civilization Q. 2. Describe the geographical spread of Indus valley civilization. What were the causes of its decline ? Q. 3. Define the Jajmani system. Analyse the changes in the relationship between caste and occupation in contemporary rural society. Q. 4. Distinguish between the characteristics and problems of linguistic and religious minorities in India. Give examples of conflicts generated by such considerations and steps to resolve them. Section `B' Q. 5. Write notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each : (a) The problems of denotified groups (b) Impact of Christianity on tribal societies (c) Tribal education in the context of development Page 6

Anthropology older.txt (d) MADA, LAMPS, TRIFED Q. 6. Give an account of Joint Forest Management programmes. What is the role of NGOs in such programmes ? Q. 7. Assess the political and economic role of tribal and rural movements in the creation of the new states of Uttaranchal, Jharkhand and Chattisgarh. Q. 8. Outline the historical background of tribal administration during the colonial period. Evaluate post-Independence administrative policies with special reference to states under either the Fifth Schedule or Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India. ======================================================================= IAS Mains Previous Year Paper Anthropology (1999) Sub Date: 10/2/2009 IAS Mains Previous Year Paper Anthropology (1999) Paper-I- Anthropology-1999 (Mains) Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300 Candidates should attempt questions from Section I and EITHER from Section II (a) OR Section II (b) according to instruction given under each Section. Answer six questions in all. All questions carry equal marks. Section I Note: Answer any Three questions including question 1, which is compulsory 1. Write notes on any two of the following in about 200 words each : (a) Action anthropology (b) Fossil men (c) Carbon dating method 2. Discuss the relationship of anthropology with psychology and medicine. 3. Critically comment on the forces and factors that have brought about changes in the family structure in recent times. 4. Describe any chaleolithic site in India with particular reference to industry and town planning. 5. Discuss some of the characteristic features of tribal religions in India and state how far have they changed in recent times. Section II (a) Note : Answer any Three questions including question 6, which is compulsory. 6. Write notes on any two of the following in about 200 words each : (a) Australopithecus (b) Racial criteria (c) Molecular evolution 7. Discuss the application of human genetics in the field of forensic science and diagnosis and treatment of genetic disorders. 8. What is meant by physical growth norms ? How are these made and how do they Page 7

Anthropology older.txt depict the growth status of a population ? 9. Discuss the mechanism by which the human body adapts to altitudinal changes and other geographical stresses. 10. Discuss the role of twins in nature-nurture problems and illustrate your answer with suitable examples. Section II (b) Note : Answer any Three questions including question 11, which is compulsory. 11. (a) (b) (c) Write notes on any two of the following in about 200 words each : Social structure Symbolism Culture trait and Culture complex

12. What is meant by functionalism ? Discuss the basic tenets of Malinowski's functionalism. 13. Discuss the different theories which explain social and cultural changes. 14. Discuss the contribution of field work in the development of anthropological concepts and theories. 15. Discuss the contributions of Ralph Linton, Core-Du- Bois and Abraham Kardiner in the study of personality. Paper-II- Anthropology-1999 (Mains) Candidates should attempt questions 1and 5 which is compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one from each Section. All questions carry equal marks. Section I 1. Write notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each : (a) Proto-Neolithic (b) Great Traditions (c) Sacred Complex 2. Critically examine various sources of India's culture and civilization. Also distinguish between primary and secondary civilization. 3. Point out the salient features of traditional joint family system in India. Trace causes for its disintegration in recent decades. 4. Distinguish between sanskritization and desanskritization. Critically examine impact of sanskritization on social mobility in India. Section II 5. Write notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each : (a) Tribal Sub-Plan (b) Sustainable Development (c)Jharkhand Movement (d) Land Alienation in tribal India 6. Critically examine the forest policy in India right since the British period. Discuss its impact on tribal people. 7. Bring out, with suitable examples, the constraints of educational development of Page 8

Anthropology older.txt tribal communities in India. Suggest remedial measures in this context. 8. Discuss the problem of tribal displacement in India. To what extent, are development policies responsible for such displacement ? Also explain the role of NGOs in providing the remedial measures to the affected people. ================================================================================== IAS Mains Previous Year Paper Anthropology (1998) Sub Date: 10/2/2009 IAS Mains Previous Year Paper Anthropology (1998) Paper-I- Anthropology-1998 (Mains) Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300 Candidates should attempt questions from Section I and EITHER from Section II (a) OR Section II (b) according to instructions given under each Section. Answer six questions in all. All questions carry equal marks. SECTION I Note : Answer any three questions including question 1, which is compulsory. 1. Write notes on any two of the following in about 200 words each : (a) Caste mobility (b) Witchcraft and sorcery (c) Pithecanthropus erectus 2. Neolithic is a 'self-sufficient food producing economy.' Critically examine this expression. 3. Do you agree with the view that family is a 'universal association'? Critically examine the above statement. 4. Now we live more in a class than a caste. Discuss the role of kinship in this changed situation. 5. 'Primitive society is governed by the traditional customary law. ' Do you agree with this statement ? Explain. SECTION II (a) Note : Answer any three questions including question 6, which is compulsory . 6. Writes notes on any two of the following in about 200 words each : (a) Genetic counselling (b) Mutation (c) Growth curves 7. What is 'race' ? Enumerate and discuss the factors responsible for the formation of races. 8. Define Hardy- Weinberg law and state briefly how Hardy- Weinberg law is applicable in population human genetics ? 9. Define twins. Describe the method of diagnosis of twins. In what ways are twins useful in the study of human genetics ? 10. 'Man can stand erect while anthropoid apes cannot.' Discuss the anatomical changes that occurred in Man due to erect posture. Page 9

Anthropology older.txt SECTION II (b) Note: Answer any three questions including question 11 which is compulsory. 11. (a) (b) (c) Write notes on any two of the following in about 200 words each : Holistic and atomistic approach Super organic view of culture Pattern of culture

12. Trade the genesis and development of field word in anthropological research. Assess its importance in the development of Anthropology. 13. Define 'culture area', How did it help the American diffusionists to understand diffusion of culture? 14. What do you mean by cultural ecology ? Evaluate how Julian Steward's particularistic approach is helpful in understanding multilineal evolution. 15. "T o Radcliffe-Brown 'function' was the contribution an institution makes to the maintenance of social structure." Elucidate in the light of Radcliffe-Brown's contributions to structural-functionalism theory . Paper-II- Anthropology-1998 (Mains) Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks. SECTION A 1. Write notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (a) Folk-Urban Continuum (b) ]ajmani System (c) Sohinian Tradition (d) Social Forestry 2. Describe the socio-cultural characteristics of the Neolithic period in India with suitable examples. 3. Discuss the basis of Indian Social System. Do you find any change today ? 4. Account for the emergence of new religions in India in the 6th century B.C. SECTION B 5. Write notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (a) Action Anthropology (b) I.T.D.A. (c) Ethnographic profile of a matrilineal tribe in India (d) V .Elwin and his contributions 6. 'Village studies are crucial in the understanding of Indian life and culture.' Who were the pioneer anthropologists to undertake such studies ? Give a comprehensive picture of any one of them. 7. Discuss the impact of modernization on the tribal and rural peoples in India. 8. Discuss the health and nutritional status of tribal and rural children in India. How far has the government policy been effective ? ==================================================================== Page 10

Anthropology older.txt IAS Mains Previous Year Paper Anthropology (1997) Sub Date: 10/2/2009 IAS Mains Previous Year Paper Anthropology (1997) Paper-I- Anthropology-1997 (Mains) Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300 Candidates should attempt questions from Section I and EITHER from Section II (a) OR Section II (b) according to instructions given under each Section. Answer six questions in all. SECTION I Note: Answer any three questions including question 1, which is compulsory 1. Write notes on any two of the following in about 200 words each : (a) Ecological Anthropology (b) Biological evolution of early man (c) Problems of dating in Prehistoric Archaeology 2. Elucidate the salient differences between tribal social system and caste system giving suitable examples in support of your answer . 3. Discuss the distinguishing features of unilineal, bilineal and bilateral kin groups with suitable examples. 4. Delineate the meaning and scope of economic anthropology and discuss the principles that govern production, distribution and consumption in hunting and gathering communities. 5. Critically examine the anthropological approaches to planning and socioeconomic development among the weaker sections of the Indian society, highlighting the issues of macro- planning in anthropology SECTION - II(a) Note: Answer any three questions including question 6, which is compulsory 6. Write notes on any two of the following in about 200 words each : (a) Anthropology of Sports (b) Homo habits (c) Longitudinal growth 7. Discuss the gradualist view of evolutionary change vis-a-vis the punctualitionalist view giving an example from primate evolution that supports one view or the other. 8. Discuss the concept of 'Mendelian population' and its application in the study of anthropo-genetic variations in India. 9. How are body size and shape related to climatic adaptation ? Discuss the ecological rules with examples from human situations. 10. Discuss the recent developments in genetic techniques and comment upon their potential social significance. SECTION - II (b) Note : Answer any three questions including question 11, which is compulsory. Page 11

Anthropology older.txt 11. (a) (b) (c) Write notes on any two of the following in about 200 words each : Neo-evolutionism Acculturation and contra-acculturation Transactionalism.

12. Elucidate the various concepts of social and cultural change indicating the specific problems involved in the change process. 13. Critically examine the Historical Particularistic approach of Franz Boas to the study of culture. 14. What do you understand by cultural relativistic approach and ethcentric approach in the study of culture ? Discuss the logical premises of cultural relativistic approach. 15. Critically assess the role of ethnography in the development of anthropological theories. Paper-II- Anthropology-1997 (Mains) Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each section. SECTION A 1. Write notes on any three of the following in about 200 words on each : (a) Concept of rebirth in Hindu Social System (b) Dating methods in Prehistory (c) Significance of Verna and Caste (d) Universalization and Porochialization 2. Describe the distinguishing characteristic features of South Indian Megaliths and compare these with either Central Indian or North-eastern India Megaliths. 3. Assess the growth and development of Anthropology in India. Illustrate the contributions of early twentieth century Anthropologists in Tribal and Caste studies. 4. Critically evaluate the Indian Population Policies. Suggest appropriate measures for its improvement. SECTION B 5. Write notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each : (a) Components of cultures and its link with civilization (b) Shifting cultivation, its merits and demerits (c) Role of Anthropologist as an Administrator (d) Plans and Programs of Tribal development 6. Examine the role of joint family in Hindu social system and its impact on caste system. 7. Estimate the role of democratic institutions/organizations for the development of weaker sections and the welfare measures adopted by them. 8. Discuss the significance of the regionalism and communalism in Indian context and its role in ethno-political movements in the present political system.

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