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1 2010/11 1. The velocity components for a two-dimensional (plane) incompressible ow are a b b v r = + 2 cos" v" = 2 sin " r r r where a and b are constants. Determine the corresponding complex potential function, w = w(z). Solution ! In polar coordinates
vr = vr = ! ! ! "# 1 "$ = "r r "% v" = v$ = 1 #$ #& =% r #" #r
! "# a b = + 2 cos$ "r r r $a b ' " = * & + 2 cos # )dr %r r ( b " = a ln r # cos $ + f ($ ) r
! Therefore, " = a ln r # b cos $ r ! 1 "# a b "# b vr = = + 2 cos$ v$ = % = sin $ r "$ r r "r r 2 ! 1 "# a b "# b = + 2 cos$ % = sin $ r "$ r r "r r 2 ! b b " = $ a + cos# d# " = % $ 2 sin # dr r r ! b b " = a# + sin # + f ( r) " = sin # + f (# ) r r ! b Therefore, " = a# + sin # r ! & ) b b w = " + i# = # = a ln r $ cos% + i( a% + sin % + ' * r r ! &b ) b w = " + i# = # = a ln r + ia$ % cos $ + i( sin $ + 'r * r ! b b b w = a ln r + ia" ln e # (cos" # i sin " ) = a ln re i" # e# i" = a ln re i" # i" r r re ! b w ( z) = a ln z " z !
2)
Show that the continuity equation in the integral form " $$$ # dV + $$ #V % dS = 0 "t V S "# + $ % #V = 0 can be converted to a differential form as "t For a convergence divergence nozzle at a quasi-one-dimensional flow with ! point 1 and 2 at upstream and downstream of a throat respectively, show that "1 A1V1 = " 2 A2V2 . ! Solution
"
! "t
$$$ # dV + $$ #V % dS = 0
V S
Therefore,
" "t
"#
" ( dV ) = "t
V
$$$ "t dV
V
"#
%% #V $ dS = %%% (& $ #V ) dV
S
"#
! ' "# * "# dV + $$$ (% & #V ) dV = $$$ ) + % & #V ,dV = 0 and then, $$$ ( "t + "t V V V ! This equation holds for any arbitrary volume V, therefore the integrand
!
"# + $ % #V = 0 "t
Continuity equation for flow through the convergence divergence nozzle ! " " # dV + $$ #V dS = 0 ! $$$ "t V S
!1
!2 A2 V2
" "t
$$$ # dV = 0
V
A1 V1
$! ! " ' $ $ ! "' ! "' & ## "V dS ) + & ## "V dS ) + & ## "V dS ) = 0 % S (1 % S ( wall % S (2 ! ! ! "#1V1 $$ dS + # wallVwall $$ dS + # 2V2 $$ dS = 0
S1 Swall S2
"" dS = A , "" dS = A
1 S1 S2
and Vwall = 0
! Therefore
3)
Solution
Let the point P on the circle be represented by z = Re i" b2 Tranformation will give w = Re i" + e# i" R 2 b w = R(cos" + i sin " ) + (cos" # i sin " ) =! $ + i% R
Equation (ii) is the shape of the transform body in w plane , which can be plotted or analyse. For triangle OQP
$ = sin # R
!
!
(iii) !
!
!
cos2 " =
2c tan # $ % 2c tan #
2
2c tan # $ % %
! A circle in the w plane with centre at (0, " 2c cot 2# ) and radius (2c csc2" ) .
to a circular arc. ! ! Therefore the circular cylinder is transformed Alternatively find the equation of the circle wrt the centre of the circle in z plane i.e ! ! z = be i" + 0.15i - (mathematiknya lagi susah)