You are on page 1of 3

Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

SMF 3333 Aerodynamics


Tests 2 Semester 1 2010/11
Problem 1
o

Consider a thin symmetric aerofoil at 2.5 angle of attack. From the results of thin aerofoil theory, calculate the

c l and the moment coefficient about the leading edge, c m LE .For symmetric aerofoil,

lift coefficient,

1
2

( ) sin d
(1+ cos ) , and = c
= V , ( ) = 2 V
cos cos 0
2
sin

Solutions

c
2

2 V

( ) sin d
0

(1+ cos ) sin d = V c

sin

(1+ cos ) d
0

= Vc 0 (1+ cos ) d = Vc [ + sin ] 0 = Vc ( + sin (0 + sin0))

cl =

= 2.5 0 =

2.5
= 0.0436 rad
180

L
V 2 c
=1
= 2
q S 2 V 2 c 1

c l = 2 0.0436 = 0.274

dL
Leading edge

dL = V d = V ( ) d

M LE = ( V ( ) d ) = V ( ) d
o
o

c
c
c
M LE = ( V ( ) d ) = V (1 cos ) ( ) sin d
o
o 2
2
M LE

c2
= V
2

M LE

c2
= V
2

c mLE =

c2
(1 cos )V (1+ cos ) d = V
2

(1 cos )d
2

2
1 1

1
1
2 c 1
2 2
cos2 d = V sin2 = V c
0
2 2

2 2
4
4

M LE
1
1
=

0.0436 = 0.0685
2
1
2
2

V
c
1
c
(
)

Problem 2
A camber line in a stream of speed V is designed to have a lift distribution
corresponding to a chord wise vortex distribution

( ) = 2V

cL
1
sin + sin2 ,

where x =

Show that the camber line shape is given by

c
its design incidence (i.e when A0 = 0 ) is L .
12

For thin aerofoil theory with camber,

c
(1 cos ) , 0
2

z 2c L x
x x
=
2 1 and that
c 3 c
c c

1+ cos

dz
= A0 + An cos n 0 when

=
2V
+ An sin n
( )
Ao
dx
sin

n=1
n=1

Solution

c
1
= 2V L sin + sin2

Given,

1+ cos

Comparing coefficient to standard = 2V Ao


+ An sin n , i.e.
sin

n=1

1+ cos

= 2V Ao
+ A1 sin + A2 sin2

sin

A =0
0

2V

cL
sin = 2V A1 sin

V c L
sin2 = 2V A2 sin2
2

A1 =

cL

A2 =

cL
4

Therefore

dz
c
c
= + L cos 0 + L cos2 0
dx

4
x=

c
2x
(1 cos0 ) cos 0 = 1
2
c

dz
c
c
= + L cos 0 + L (2cos2 0 1)
dx

dz
c L 2x c L 2x
= + 1 +
21 1
dx

c 4
c

dz
c L 2x c L 4 x 4 x 2
= + 1 +
+ 2 1
21
dx

c 4
c
c

dz
c 2x c 8x 8x 2
= + L 1 + L 1
+ 2
dx

c 4
c
c

Integrate

dz
c 5 4 x 2x 2
= + L
+ 2
dx
4 c
c

z = x +

cL 5
x2 2 x3
x

2
+

+ const
4
c 3 c2

with

when

0 = c +

cL 5
c2 2 c3
cc
c

2
+
= c L

2
4
c 3c
12

1 cL
cL 5
x 2 x2
z=
x + x 2

12
4
c 3 c2

z=

Therefore,

cL

16
x 2 x 2 2 cL
x 2
=
c 3 c2 3
12

x x2
x2 3 2
c c

z 2c L x
x x
=
2 1 #PROVED
c 3 c
c c

x 1
dz 2 c L
x 3x 2
= (1 cos )
=
2 6 2 and
c 2
dx 3
c c
dz 2 c L
3
2
=
2 3(1 cos ) + (1 cos )

dx 3
4

2 cL
3
3 3
2
=
1+ 3cos + cos + cos

3
4 2
4

2 cL 1 3
3
=
+ cos + (cos2 + 1)

3 4 2
8

c 1
1
= L + cos + cos2

12
4

Design incidence is when A0 = 0


1 dz
1
When Ao = 0 , =
d
Ao = 0

dx

cL 1
1
= 2 0 +cos + cos2 d
12

c
1
c 1 cL

= L2 + sin + sin2 = L2 =
0 12 12
12
8

1 cL
12

dz
d
dx

You might also like