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Identification of PVC, PP, BOPP, LLDPE, LDPE and HDPE films 1. Distinguishing characteristics 1.

1 BOPP, TQPP film as well as PVC rigid film is clear 1.2. PVC rigid film when ignited by sim le match stic! will n"t catch fire "r if it d"es it will e#tinguish immediately. On the "ther hand BOPP $ TQPP films w"uld easily catch fire immediately 1.% P& films are less clear 'n fact (DP& film is alm"st " a)ue "r *ery ha+y. Thus clarity can be "ne easy meth"d t" segregate these films 1., P& films are fle#ible and ha*e l"w m"dulus and brea!ing strength -hile PP film is m"re rigid and has l"wer el"ngati"n. PVC rigid film will be the m"st rigid am"ng all these films. 't is easy t" uncture PVC rigid film while ..DP& $ .DP& film is the m"st difficult 't will ha*e g""d uncture resistance. 1./ Thic!ness "f BOPP film as well as rigid PVC film will be usually be l"wer c"m ared t" .D0..DP& films. (DP& film articularly that made fr"m (1DP& will be l"wer c"m ared t" "ther P& films 1.2 PVC has higher density 31.%/41.,5 c"m ared t" while PP film has the l"west 36.765. .DP&0..DP& has 6.72 density. (DP& film will ha*e 6.72 densities. Thus if these films are ut in water all e#ce t PVC will fl"at while PVC will sin! because it is hea*ier than water. 1.8 BOPP film will ha*e the best thic!ness distributi"n acr"ss the entire length 3295 while all "ther films being red"minantly r"duced by e#trusi"n bl"wn film r"cess will ha*e higher thic!ness distributi"n 3Ty ically 1695 2. These films can be easily identified by whether they sin! in water "r fl"at. :urther burning "f film will se arate PVC fr"m the remaining "nes. %. Clarity will identify and segregate PP film

,. 'T is difficult t" segregate .DP& and ..DP& film fr"m "ne an"ther /. (DP& film being ha+iest can be segregated fr"m "ther P& films by clarity 2. T" c"nfirm the nature "f film "nly analytical tests w"uld be re)uired which w"uld need lab"rat"ry facilities. 8. :"r end users it is feasible t" send film t" inde endent testing lab in 'ndia such as ''P "r C'P&T

Flexible Packaging Materials

bbre!iation BOPP BO# C C$FE E EE EM EV EVOH HIP% n&a LDPE LLDPE mPE OPP P P # PB PE PE$ PE$" PL PP P% P$FE P'( PVC PVDC

"eneric #ame Bia#ially Oriented P"ly r" ylene Bia#ially Oriented ;yl"n Cellul"se <cetate Chl"r" Tri :lu"r" &thylene &thylene <crylic <cid &thylene4&thyl <crylate &thylene41ethyl <crylate &thylene4Vinyl <cetate &thylene4Vinyl <lc"h"l (igh 'm act P"lystyrene '"n"mer ."w4Density P"lyethylene .inear ."w4Density P"lyethylene 1etall"cene P"lyethylene Oriented P"ly r" ylene P"ly <mide P"ly <cryl"nitrile P"ly Butylene P"ly &thylene P"ly &thylene Tere hthalate P"ly &thylene Tere hthalate P"ly .actic <cid5 P"ly Pr" ylene P"ly =tyrene P"ly Tetra :lu"r" &thylene P"ly ?rethane P"ly Vinyl Chl"ride P"ly Vinylidene Chl"ride

Common $rade #ame

<clar

=urlyn

Bare#

>lyc"l

Tefl"n

Flexible Packaging $erms


clar
Trade name f"r a "lychl"r"triflu"r"ethylene 3PCT:&5 "lymer. The "lymer has "utstanding m"isture and e#cellent "#ygen barrier r" erties, as well as being clear, rigid, and relati*ely easy t" therm"f"rm. 'ts main ac!aging a licati"n is f"r harmaceutical blister ac!ages.

cr)lonitrile
< m"n"mer with the structure 3C( @ C(C;5. 'ts c" "lymers ha*e g""d gas barrier and chemical resistance r" erties. <ls" !n"wn as trade name Barex.

ir "a*
The distance fr"m the die li s "f a "lymer4melt e#truder and the chill r"ll.

nilox (oll
&ngra*ed in! metering r"ll used in fle#" resses t" r"*ide a c"ntr"lled film "f in! t" the rinting lates which rint "nt" the substrate.

l+min+m Foil
< thin gauge 3.2A/41.6 mil5 aluminum f"il laminated t" lastic films t" r"*ide "#ygen, ar"ma and water *a "r barrier r" erties.

Bagg), Bagginess
3a5 'n r"cessing fle#ible ac!aging materials, slac! areas in the web that sh"uld be flat. ?sually caused by bands "f une)ual thic!ness 3gauge bands5 in the r"ll st"c!. 3b5 < r"ll in which the tensi"n is n"t e*en acr"ss the width "f the r"ll. < slac! fl" y area in the web is caused by the material being stretched and ermanently el"ngated in the tighter areas. B"lls "f film "r laminate where "ne side "f the material c"ming "ff the r"ll is l""se "r baggy while the " "site edge is tight is said t" ha*e a baggy edge.

Barex Barrier

< trade name f"r acryl"nitrile lastic.

'n ac!aging, this term is m"st c"mm"nly used t" describe the ability "f a material t" st" "r retard the assage "f atm"s heric gases, water *a "r, and *"latile fla*"r and ar"ma ingredients. < barrier material is "ne that is designed t" re*ent, t" a s ecified degree, the enetrati"ns "f water, "ils, water *a "r, "r certain gases, as desired. Barrier materials may ser*e t" e#clude "r retain such elements with"ut "r within a ac!age.

Base Film

The "riginal f"rm in which a film e#ists bef"re c"ating "r laminating.

Biaxial Orientation
Orientati"n "f lastic films in b"th machine and cr"ss machine 3trans*erse5 directi"ns by stretching. Bia#ial stretched films are generally well balanced in b"th directi"ns and much str"nger in terms "f tear strength.

Bleed

'mage "r c"l"r that e#tends bey"nd the trim edge "f the finished rinted iece.

Blister Packaging
< ac!age ty e where the item is secured between a re4f"rmed d"me "r CbubbleC and a a erb"ard0fle#ible surface.

B+rst %trengt,
< measure "f the ability "f a sheet t" resist ru ture when ressure is a instrument under s ecified c"nditi"ns. lied t" "ne "f its sides by a s ecified

B+tt
3a5 T" D"in with "*erla "r s ace between. 3b5 Butt register is where tw" "r m"re c"l"rs meet with n" significant "*erla "r s ace between.

Cast Film
Plastic film r"duced fr"m synthetic resins 3such as "lyethylene5 by the cast r"cess. 'n this r"cess, the m"lten resin is e#truded thr"ugh a sl"t die "nt" an internally c""led chill r"ll.

C,emical (esistance
<bility "f a material t" retain utility and a earance f"ll"wing c"ntact with chemical agents. Chemical resistance im lies that there is n" significant chemical acti*ity between the c"ntacting materials.

C,emical Com*atibilit) $esting

<ny r"cedure that e# "ses a material t" chemicals "r mi#tures "f chemicals t" determine whether such e# "sure has a negati*e effect "n the material being e*aluated.

Co-Extr+sion .COE/0
=imultane"us e#trusi"n "f tw" "r m"re different therm" lastic resins int" a sandwich4li!e film with clearly distinguishable indi*idual layers.

COF .coefficient of friction0


C"efficient "f fricti"n, a measurement "f Esli erinessF "f lastic films and laminates. 1easurements are usually d"ne film surface t" film surface. 1easurements can be d"ne t" "ther surfaces as well, but n"t rec"mmended, because CO: *alues can be dist"rted by *ariati"ns in surface finishes and c"ntaminati"n "n test surface.

C #
Cast nyl"n film. ?sed m"stly f"r therm" f"rmable ac!aging a licati"ns.

Coating
<ny fluid material a lied as a thic! layer t" a substrate material "r "bDect.

Color Management
The r"cess "f translating s ecific c"l"r inf"rmati"n fr"m the c"m uter screen image, thr"ugh re ress, late4 ma!ing, rinting resses and finally t" a substrate in such a manner that c"l"r accuracy is maintained at acce table le*els thr"ugh"ut.

Color Val+e

The lightness "r dar!ness "f a c"l"r. < c"l"r may be classified as e)ui*alent t" s"me member "f a series "f shades ranging fr"m blac! t" white. The "ther tw" fundamental characteri+ers "f c"l"r are hue and saturati"n.

Com*atibilit)
The ability "f a c"ntainer "r material t" resist chemical degradati"n "r hysical change caused by the r"duct, "r where a c"ntainer "r material d"es n"t chemically degrade "r hysically change the c"ntained r"duct.

Conformabilit)
The ability "f a material t" be bent "r sha ed ar"und a f"rm with"ut being damaged "r marred in any way.

Corona $reatment
< treatment t" alter the surface "f lastics and "ther materials t" ma!e them m"re rece ti*e t" rinting in!s.

Cross-Linking
< film c"n*ersi"n techni)ue in which "lymer chains are b"und int" a web "r netw"r! t" increase the webGs heat stability and strength.

Co-Monomer
< m"n"mer that is mi#ed with "ne "r m"re "ther m"n"mers f"r a "lymeri+ati"n reacti"n, t" ma!e a c" "lymer.

C+rl
The tendency "f a a er sheet t" curl as humidity c"nditi"ns change due t" the hygr"e# ansi*e nature "f a er. < a er sheet that is identical in c"nstructi"n "n each side will e# and and c"ntract as humidity changes with

little tendency t" curl. ("we*er if the sheet is rinted, *arnished, "r laminated t" a lastic film "r a f"il, then the tw" sides will ha*e different e# ansi"n and c"ntracti"n rates and the a er will curl as the humidity changes fr"m the c"nditi"ns when the rinting, *arnishing "r laminating were d"ne. The greater the humidity difference, the greater the curl.

C+rtain Coating
< meth"d "f a lying wa# "r "ther c"ating t" a material where the material is assed thr"ugh a free4falling curtain "r film "f the fluid c"ating.

C+t Edge
The unc"*ered edge "f a laminated r"duct. :"r e#am le a high4barrier a er0f"il laminate made int" a hermetically4sealed cart"n using la seals w"uld ha*e an e# "sed cut edge "f a erb"ard thr"ugh which "#ygen c"uld still ermeate int" the r"duct. =uch edges are "ften s!i*ed and f"lded bac! "n themsel*es t" seal the cut edge.

C+t off
ln web4fed r"cessing, the cut "r rint length c"rres "nding t" the circumference "f the late cylinder.

Deck

Term used m"stly in fle#"gra hic rinting t" describe a single rint stati"n with late, im ressi"n cylinders, and in!ing r"lls. < change "r brea!4d"wn in a materialGs chemical structure.

Degradation Delamination

=e arati"n "r s litting "f laminate layers caused by lac! "f "r inade)uate adhesi"n, "r by mechanical disru ti"n such as eeling "r shearing f"rces.

Directionalit)
The tendency f"r certain materials t" ha*e r" erties im arted by the fl"w directi"n thr"ugh a machine.

Dot gain
< hysical and0"r " tical measurement and the"retical calculati"n "f the a arent increase in d"t area fr"m "ne medium t" an"ther. ;"rmally e# ressed as the difference between a midt"ne 3n"minal /695 d"t area "n a film negati*e and the rinted d"t areaH f"r e#am le, a /69 film d"t area which rints as a 8A9 d"t has 2A9 d"t gain. D"t gain 3and l"ss5 are n"rmal and must be c"ntr"lled thr"ugh"ut the ress and rinting r"cess.

Dra1
ln fle#ible ac!aging laminates, the distance that a web tra*els between su "rting r"lls.

Dra1do1n
< swatch "f c"l"r "r c"ating made by s reading a small am"unt "f in! "r *arnish acr"ss a sheet "f material. 1ade f"r *isual c"m aris"n t" a standard c"l"r swatch "r chi .

Et,)lene

cr)lic

cid .E

&<< is a c" "lymer "f ethylene and acrylic acid. lts i"nic nature all"ws f"r e#cellent adhesi*e b"nding t" metal f"il and "ther "lar surfaces. &<<Gs adhesi*e and t"ughness )ualities are ta!en ad*antage "f in high erf"rmance multi4layer laminates.

Et,)lene-Et,)l

cr)late .EE 0

The c" "lymeri+ati"n "f ethylene with ethyl acrylate r"duces an ethylene acid c" "lymer. The "lymers are r"duced with *arying ercentages "f acrylate c"ntent, m"st ty ically between 1/ and %69. &&< is c"m atible with all "lefin "lymers and "ften is blended with these t" m"dify r" erties. &&< is used in h"t4melt f"rmulati"ns. lt als" can be used al"ne "r as a c"m "nent "f heat4sealable c"atings where it "ffers im r"*ed t"ughness at l"w tem eratures, e#cellent adhesi"n t" n"n "lar substrates, and a br"ad ser*ice tem erature range. &&< is used as a tie layer between mating laminate films.

Et,)lene-Met,)l

cr)late .EM C0

The c" "lymeri+ati"n "f ethylene with methyl acrylate r"duces an ethylene c" "lymer, "ne "f the m"st thermally stable "f the "lefin c" "lymers. The "lymers are r"duced with *arying ercentages "f methyl acrylate c"ntent, m"st ty ically between 1 A and 2,"0" "f the structure. <l"ne "r in blends, it has f"und a licati"ns in film, e#trusi"n c"ating, sheet, laminating, and c"4e#trusi"n.

Et,)lene-Vin)l

cetate .EV 0

< "lar c" "lymer "f ethylene and *inyl acetate, retaining s"me "f the r" erties "f "lyethylene but with increased fle#ibility, el"ngati"n, and im act resistance. &V< is fre)uently s ecified as the e#trusi"n c"ating "n "ly r" ylene, aluminum f"il and "ly 3ethylene tere hthalate5, t" r"*ide g""d heat4seals at high c"n*erting rates, "r as the adhesi"n layer in s"me laminates.

Et,)lene-Vin)l

lco,ol .EVOH0

Can be regarded as a c" "lymer "f "lyethylene in which *arying am"unts "f the 4O( functi"nal gr"u ha*e been inc"r "rated. < ty ical ac!aging &VO( is ab"ut 26 t" %/9 ethylene. &VO( is "ne "f the best "lymeric "#ygen barriers a*ailable t" ac!agers. ("we*er, its susce tible t" water re)uires that f"r m"st a licati"ns it be laminated "r c"4e#truded int" a r"tecti*e sandwich with materials that will !ee the &VO( layer away fr"m water.

Extr+sion
The r"cess "f f"rming a therm" lastic film, c"ntainer, "r r"file by f"rcing the "lymer melts thr"ugh a sha ed "rifice.

Extr+sion Coating
< r"cess where a film "f m"lten "lymeric material is e#truded "nt" the surface "f a substrate material and c""led t" f"rm a c"ntinu"us c"ating.

Extr+sion Lamination
< laminating r"cess in which indi*idual layers "f multi4layer ac!aging materials are laminated t" each "ther by e#truding a thin layer "f m"lten synthetic resin 3such as "lyethylene5 between the layers.

E)e Mark (egister


< rinted rectangular mar! m"st "ften f"und al"ng the edge "f webst"c! that can be identified by an electric eye. The mar! identifies a "int "n the web where an indi*idual ac!age is t" be cut.

Film

>enerally used t" describe a thin lastic material usually n"t m"re than 8/ micr"metres 36.66% inch5 thic!.

Finis,ing Fitment

<ny final " erati"n d"ne t" ac!aging bef"re shi

ing.

< de*ice attached t" the c"ntainer finish t" r"*ide a erf"rmance functi"nG :"r e#am le, a "ur4"ut fitment is lastic c"m "nent f"r a glass, lastic "r metal ac!age, designed t" im r"*e the dis ensing acti"n "f li)uid r"ducts.

Flexible Packaging
< ac!age "r c"ntainer made "f fle#ible "r easily yielding materials that, when filled and cl"sed, can be readily changed in sha e. < term n"rmally a lied t" bags, "uches, "r wra s made "f materials ranging in thic!ness fr"m 1% t" 8/ micr"meters 36.6b6I t" 6.66% inch5 such as a er, lastic film, f"il, "r c"mbinati"ns "f these.

Flexogra*,ic Printing
< meth"d "f rinting using fle#ible rubber "r h"t" "lymer rinting lates in which the image t" be rinted stands "ut in relief. :luid in! metered by an engra*ed r"ll is a lied t" the raised "rti"ns "f the rinting late and then transferred t" the substrate.

Form-Fill-%eal .FF%0
< ac!aging machine that f"rms, fills, cl"ses and seals a ac!age in "ne c"ntinu"us "r intermittent4m"ti"n " erati"n. :le#ible ac!aging st"c! fed fr"m a r"ll is f"lded t" the desired ac!age sha e and stabili+ed by heat sealing. The r"duct is laced int" the f"rmed ac!age, and the remaining " ening is sealed. 1achines can be c"nfigured s" that the st"c! tra*els h"ri+"ntally thr"ugh the machine 3h"ri+"ntal f"rm4fill4seal5 "r *ertically thr"ugh the machine 3*ertical f"rm4fill seal5.

Fo+r-Color Process
Printing with cyan, yell"w, magenta, and blac! in! 3C1JK5 using halft"ne screens t" create a full c"l"r re r"ducti"n.

Fo+r-%ide-%eal *o+c,
< "uch with seals al"ng all f"ur edges. :"ur4side4seal "uches can be made fr"m a single st"c! "r the fr"nt and bac! can be different st"c!s. The "uches are m"st c"mm"nly made "n multilane "uch4f"rming machines where 12 "r m"re "uches can be laced acr"ss the width "f the web. gas chr"mat"gra hy <n instrumental meth"d "f accurately determining the c"m "siti"n "f *"latile s"l*ents and "ils, and their residual resence in materials such as laminates "r lastics.

"as $ransmission (ate ."$(0


The )uantity "f a gi*en gas assing thr"ugh a unit area "f the arallel surfaces "f a film, sheet, "r laminate in a gi*en time under the test c"nditi"ns. Test c"nditi"ns may *ary and must always be stated.

"a+ge Band
< thic!ness irregularity f"und in r"lls "f film. < thic!er area in the machine directi"n at s"me l"cati"n acr"ss the width "f a flat film will r"duce a raised ring in a finished r"ll. >auge bands can cause winding r"blems and when unw"und, the material tends n"t t" be erfectly flat.

"a+ge

Thic!ness. 'n ;"rth <merica, film thic!ness, measured in mils, is usually gi*en in gauges. < 166 gauge shrin! film is "ne mil, "r 101666 "f an inch, thic!. 'n &ur" e, the film thic!ness metric is the micr"n. < )uic! e)ui*alency e)uati"n isL 1 mil @ 2/., micr"ns.

"ood Man+fact+ring Practice ."MP0


>""d manufacturing ractice im lies that the entire manufacturing r"cedure has been designed in such a way as t" r"duce a )uality r"duct that resents a minimum ris! t" the c"nsumer. >1P will *ary fr"m industry t" industry de ending "n the nature "f the r"duct being ac!aged. 1any >1Ps ha*e been f"rmali+ed and are re)uired by law f"r critical industries such as f""d and harmaceutical ac!aging. Ty ically these >1Ps describe the !ind "f e)ui ment t" be used, its *alidati"n, manufacturing r"cedures, ins ecti"n ty es and fre)uencies, rec"rd !ee ing, c"ntainer ty es and a r"*als, and registrati"n "f c"m any and r"duct.

"ra!+re Printing
>ra*ure is abbre*iated fr"m the term r"t"gra*ure. During gra*ure rinting an image is etched "n the surface "f a metal cylinder and chr"me lated f"r hardness. The in! fills the cells and is transferred "nt" the rinting substrate.

"+sset
The f"ld in the side "r b"tt"m "f the "uch, all"wing it t" e# and when c"ntents are inserted

HDPE
(igh density, 36.7/46.72/5 "lyethylene. (a*e much higher stiffness, higher tem erature resistance and much better water *a "r barrier r" erties than .DP&, but it is c"nsiderably ha+ier.

Heat-%eal Coating
<n adhesi*e c"ating a f"rm a b"nd. lied t" a ac!aging material that is ca able "f being acti*ated by heat and ressure t"

Heat-%eal La)er
< heat sealable innerm"st layer in lastic ac!aging films and laminates. Can be either adhesi*e laminated "r e#trusi"n c"ated "nt" a n"n4sealable film 3"r f"il5.

Heat-%eal %trengt,
=trength "f heat4seal measured after the seal is c""led, 3n"t t" be c"nfused with Eh"t tac!F, see ne#t item5.

Hermetic %eal
<irtight "r im er*i"us t" gases "r fluids under n"rmal c"nditi"ns "f handling and st"rage.

Hig, Barrier
Describes a material "r ac!age that has *ery l"w gas ermeability characteristicsH that is, it "ffers a great deal "f resistance t" the assage "f a gas thr"ugh its *"lume.

Hot $ack
=trength "f heat seal measured bef"re the seal is c""led, which is *ery im "rtant f"r high4s eed ac!aging " erati"ns.

Im*+lse %ealer

<ls" !n"wn as a heat sealer. These units use an electrical current assed thr"ugh a ;i4Chr"me wire heating element t" seal bags $ tubing. Can be used "n many lastic materials t" create str"ng ermanent welds.

Laminate
3a5 n"un < r"duct made by b"nding t"gether tw" "r m"re layers "f material. 3b5 *erb T" unite layers "f material t" r"duce a multilayer material.

Laminated Film
<n adhered c"mbinati"n "f tw" "r m"re films "r sheets made t" im r"*e "*erall characteristics. <ls" multilayer film.

La* %eal
< seal made with tw" layers "f film "*erla ing "ne an"ther. Because la seals re)uire less material than fin seals, ac!agers are c"n*erting t" la seals in the name "f sustainability, lean " erati"ns and ec"n"mics.

Laser %coring
?se "f high4energy narr"w light beam t" artially cut thr"ugh a material in a straight line "r sha ed atterns. This r"cess is used t" r"*ide an easy4" ening feature t" *ari"us ty es "f fle#ible ac!aging materials.

LDPE
."w density, 36.7246.7%,5 "lyethylene. ?sed mainly f"r heat4seal ability and bul! in ac!aging.

Lidding, Lidstock
1aterial "r st"c! used t" f"rm a lid. :"r e#am le, materials that can be heat4sealed "*er the " en ends "f harmaceutical tablet blister cards.

Lig,t (esistance
The ability "f material t" withstand e# "sure t" light 3usually sunlight "r the ultra*i"let art "f the light s ectrum5 with"ut change "f c"l"r "r l"ss "f hysical and0"r chemical r" erties.

LLDPE
.inear l"w density "lyethylene. T"ugher than .DP& and has better heat4seal strength, but has higher ha+e.

Mac,inabilit)
The ability "f a film t" run "n ac!aging e)ui ment.

Mac,ine Direction .MD0


The directi"n that film m"*es thr"ugh the ac!aging e)ui ment.

Man+fact+ring $olerance
Permissible *ariati"ns fr"m rated "r mar!ed ca acities "r dimensi"ns established by standards "r s ecificati"ns f"r th"se.

MDPE

1edium density, 36.7%,46.7/5 "lyethylene. (a*e higher stiffness, higher melting "int and better water *a "r barrier r" erties.

Metali2e
< lying a thin c"ating "f metal t" a n"nmetallic surface by chemical de "siti"n "r by e# "sing the surface t" *a "ri+ed metal in a *acuum chamber.

ME$-OPP
1etali+ed OPP film. 't has all the g""d r" erties "f OPP film, lus much im r"*ed "#ygen and water *a "r barrier r" erties, 3but n"t as g""d as 1&T4P&T5.

ME$-PE$
1etali+ed P&T film. 't has all the g""d r" erties "f P&T film, lus much im r"*ed "#ygen and water *a "r barrier r" erties. ("we*er, it is n"t trans arent. see als" V1P&T.

Moist+re Va*or $ransmission (ate .MV$(0


< de reciated term, usually measured at 1669 relati*e humidity, e# ressed in grams0166 s)uare inches02, h"urs, 3"r grams0s)uare meter02, (rs.5 =ee -VTB.

M)lar3

1ylar is a registered trademar! "f the DuP"nt4TeiDin C"r "rati"n. 's the industrial brand name f"r that c"r "rati"nMs "lyester 3P&T5 film. P"lyester film is a sta le "f multi4layer ac!aging f"r a wide *ariety "f a licati"ns.

#eo*rene
< synthetic chl"rinated butadiene rubber used t" ma!e fle#"gra hic r"llers resistant t" alc"h"ls, Cell" s"l*e, water, ali hatic hydr"carb"ns, and esters.

#)lon
P"lyamide resins, with *ery high melting "ints, e#cellent clarity and stiffness. Tw" ty es are used f"r films 4 nyl"n42 and nyl"n422. The latter has much higher melt tem erature, thus better tem erature resistance, but the f"rmer is easier t" r"cess, and it is chea er. B"th ha*e g""d "#ygen and ar"ma barrier r" erties, but they are ""r barriers t" water *a "r.

Off-C+t
Trim that is n"t utili+ed. 'n fle#ible ac!aging, a narr"w r"ll "f material left "*er when an material "rder d"es n"t call f"r the full r"ll width. ="metimes called a butt r"ll.

OPP
Oriented PP 3 "ly r" ylene5 film. < stiff, high clarity film, but n"t heat sealable. ?sually c"mbined with "ther films, 3such as .DP&5 f"r heatsealability. Can be c"ated with PVDC 3 "ly*inylidene chl"ride5, "r metali+ed f"r much im r"*ed barrier r" erties.

O*tics
The *isual r" erties "f a film, such as clarity, gl"ss, ha+e, " acity, etc.

Orientation
The r"cess "f mechanically stretching lastic film "r arts in "rder t" r"duce a straightening and alignment "f the m"lecules in the stretch directi"n. 'f d"ne in "ne directi"n, the material is said t" be unia#ial "r m"n"a#ially "riented. 'f d"ne in tw" directi"ns, the film is bia#ially "riented.

O$(
O#ygen transmissi"n rate. Varies c"nsiderably with humidity, theref"re it needs t" be s ecified. =tandard c"nditi"ns "f testing are 6, 26 "r 1669 relati*e humidity. ?nits are cc. 0166 s)uare inches02, h"urs, 3"r cc0s)uare meter02, (rs.5 3cc @ cubic centimeters5

Pass
One tri "f a material thr"ugh a r"ducti"n machine "r manufacturing ste .

Pillo1 Po+c, < bag "r "uch in the f"rm "f a tube that is sealed at b"th ends. Pill"w ty e "uches are m"st
c"mm"nly r"duced "n *ertical4f"rm4fill4seal 3V::=5 machines and are characteri+ed by seals acr"ss the t" and b"tt"m, and a l"ngitudinal seal g"ing d"wn the center "f "ne "f the faces.

Plate Break

;"n4 rint area where the tw" ends "f fle#" late butt t"gether after being wra "n the rinting ress.

ed ar"und the late cylinder

PM% #+mber

The Pant"ne 1atching =ystem is the uni*ersally acce ted c"l"r definiti"n system. C"l"rs can be blended "r indi*idually s ecified t" match a s ecified Pant"ne reference c"l"r e#actly.

Pol)et,)lene Film .PE0


1ade in high density, l"w density and linear l"w density and metall"cene *ariati"ns. By far the largest *"lume ac!aging film family.

Pol) .Et,)lene $ere*,t,alate0 Film .PE$0


P"lyester, 3P"lyethylene Tere htalate5. T"ugh, tem erature resistant "lymer. Bia#ial "riented P&T film is used in laminates f"r ac!aging, where it r"*ides strength, stiffness and tem erature resistance. 't is usually c"mbined with "ther films f"r heat sealability and im r"*ed barrier r" erties.

Pol)olefin
:amily name f"r the "lymers 3 lastics5 deri*ed by ethylene and r" ylene, such as "lyethylene 3P&5 and "ly r" ylene 3PP5

Pol) Pro*)lene Film .PP0


?nrented film is s"ft and clear but brittle at l"w tem eratures. This r" erty as well as stiffness, strength and clarity are im r"*ed by "rientati"n.

Po+c,

< small bag usually c"nstructed by sealing "ne "r tw" flat sheets al"ng the edges. There is n" clear distincti"n between a "uch and a sachet "ther than the c"mm"n understanding that a sachet is smaller.

Primer Coat
< c"ating a lied "*er a substrate f"r the ur "se "f im r"*ing an in! "r adhesi*e b"nd.

Process Color
C"l"r rinting created by se arating the c" y int" the rimary c"l"rs t" r"duce indi*idual halft"nes "f each c"l"r that are rec"mbined at the ress t" r"duce the c"m lete range "f c"l"rs "f the "riginal. Pr"cess rinted h"t"gra hic re r"ducti"n w"uld n"rmally be d"ne with cyan, magenta, yell"w and blac! 3C1JK5 in!s.

PVDC
P"ly *inylidene chl"ride. < *ery g""d "#ygen and water *a "r barrier, but n"t e#tricable, theref"re it is f"und rimarily as a c"ating t" im r"*e barrier r" erties "f "ther lastic films, 3such as OPP and P&T5 f"r ac!aging. PVDC c"ated and MsaranNc"ated are the same.

(egister
&#act alignment "f "ne art "r " erati"n with an"ther art "r " erati"n.

(elease Coating
< c"ating a lied t" the n"n4sealing side "f c"ld4sealable ac!aging films and laminates su that will all"w the ac!er t" unwind these films "r laminates "n ac!aging machines. lied in a r"ll f"rm

(etort

The thermal r"cessing "r c""!ing ac!aged f""d "r "ther r"ducts in a ressuri+ed *essel f"r ur "ses "f sterili+ing the c"ntents t" maintain freshness f"r e#tended st"rage times. Bet"rt "uches are manufactured with materials suitable f"r the higher tem eratures "f the ret"rt r"cess, generally ar"und 121O C.

(e!erse Printing
Printing wr"ng4reading "n the underside "f trans arent film. 'n this case, the "uterm"st layer is rinted "n the bac!side and laminated t" the rest "f the multi4layer structure. -hile n"t mandat"ry in all industries, it is the referred meth"d f"r the f""d industry as it guarantees there will be n" in! c"ntact with the f""d r"duct. The maD"rity "f all r"ducts are re*erse rinted.

(oll %tock %li*

=aid "f any fle#ible ac!aging material that is in a r"ll f"rm.

The ability "f film t" m"*e easily "*er hard lastic, metal, "r ceramic latf"rms "r against an"ther iece "f film.

%litting
The c"n*ersi"n "f a gi*en width "f a film "r sheet material int" narr"wer widths. -eb st"c! is unr"lled ast a series "f !ni*es set t" the c"rrect widths, and the slit web is rew"und bac! int" r"ll f"rm.

%*lice %*ot Color

P"ining tw" ieces "f web material t" f"rm a c"ntinu"us web.

="lid c"l"rs n"t created by using screens. ?sually a Pant"ne 1atching =ystem 3P1=5 c"l"r.

%tand-+* Po+c,
< fle#ible "uch design where the b"tt"m "rti"n has been gusseted in such a way that that it r"*ides a wide en"ugh base t" r"*ide su "rt s" the "uch is able t" be st""d u f"r dis lay "r use.

%tick Pack
< narr"w fle#ible ac!aging "uch c"mm"nly used t" ac!age single4ser*e "wder be*erage mi#es such as fruit drin!s, instant c"ffee and tea and sugar and creamer r"ducts.

%tick) Back
D"uble4faced adhesi*e4c"ated material used f"r m"unting elast"meric rinting lates t" the late cylinder.

%+rface Print
The r"cess whereby the in! is de "sited directly "nt" the "uterm"st surface "f the ac!aging film "r material. The r"cess is m"st c"mm"nly used in sh"rt run rinting. < ?V 3ultra*i"let5 c"ating may be added t" r"*ide a hard e#teri"r finish that re*ents the in! fr"m fla!ing "r chi ing.

$ear (esistance
The ability "f a film t" resist the r" agati"n "f a tear.

$ensile %trengt,
The am"unt "f ull a film can withstand with"ut tearing a art "r stretching.

$,ermoforming
< meth"d "f f"rming lastics where a lastic sheet is heated t" a "int where it is s"ft and f"rmable.

$,reading
The lacing "f a web material thr"ugh the *ari"us r"lls and stati"ns "f any web4fed ress such as a rinter "r laminat"r in re arati"n f"r r"ducti"n.

$,ree-%ide-%eal Po+c,
< "uch that is f"rmed by f"lding the web material int" a ?4sha e and then sealing the three " en sides. The "uch may be made with a gusseted b"tt"m. Three4side4seal "uches are ty ically made "n h"ri+"ntal f"rm4fill4 seal machines.

$ie La)er
< material that b"nds tw" inc"m atible layers in a c" e#trusi"n.

$rans!erse Direction .$D0


The directi"n er endicular t" the machine directi"n.

$ra**ing
'n rinting, in!s may be "*erla ed slightly by increasing the image si+e t" ensure that n" substrate sh"ws thr"ugh within the register *ariati"ns "f the rinting ress.

$+nneling
< laminating defect caused by inc"m lete b"nding "f the substrates.

'nit-Dose Package .'DP0


< harmaceutical ac!age that h"lds indi*idual items "f use. < c"m lete unit4d"se ac!age may h"ld a number "f discrete items, but each unit "f use must be released indi*idually fr"m the ac!age, generally in a n"n4resealable manner.

Va*or Barrier
< layer "f material thr"ugh which water *a "r will ass "nly sl"wly, "r n"t at all.

Void
<n em tiness "r absence "f a substance. :"r e#am le, an area "f c"ated film that is n"t c"ated.

4ater Va*or $ransmission (ate .4V$(0


< measure "f the rate "f water *a "r transmissi"n thr"ugh a material. ?sually measured at 1669 relati*e humidity, e# ressed in grams0166 s)uare inches02, h"urs, 3"r grams0s)uare meter02, (rs.5 =ee 1VTB.

4eb
< c"ntinu"us length "f a er film, f"il, "r "ther fle#ible material as it is unw"und fr"m a r"ll and assed thr"ugh a machine.

5i**er *o+c,
< fle#ible lastic "uch with a m"lded4in4 lace sealing de*ice wherein a r"Decting rib "r fin is inserted int" a mating channel t" affect a cl"sure. < +i er seal can be re eatedly " ened and cl"sed.

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